[1]. Babban abubuwan da ke shafar ingancin samar da shuke-shuken kwalta
1. Haɗin mahaɗin kwalta kankare ba daidai ba ne
Matsakaicin cakuda kwalta cakude yana gudana ta dukkan tsarin aikin ginin titin, don haka haɗin gwiwar kimiyya tsakanin rabonsa da rabonsa na samarwa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samarwa da gini. Rashin ma'ana samar da mix rabo na kwalta cakuda zai kai ga The kwalta kankare ne m, wanda rinjayar da sabis rayuwar kwalta kankare pavement da kudin kula da kwalta kankare pavement.
2. Zazzaɓin zafi na kankare kwalta ba shi da kwanciyar hankali
"Ƙa'idodin Fasaha don Gina Ƙaƙwalwar Ƙaƙwalwar Hanya" ya bayyana a fili cewa don tsire-tsire masu tsire-tsire masu tsaka-tsaki, dole ne a sarrafa zafin jiki na kwalta a cikin kewayon 150-170 ° C, kuma yawan zafin jiki dole ne ya zama 10-10% sama da zafin kwalta. -20 ℃, da factory zafin jiki na cakuda ne kullum 140 zuwa 165 ℃. Idan zafin jiki bai dace da ma'auni ba, furanni za su bayyana, amma idan yanayin zafi ya yi yawa, kwalta za ta ƙone, yana da matukar tasiri ga ingancin shimfidar hanya da mirgina.
3. Hada cakuda
Kafin haɗa kayan, samfurin tukunyar jirgi da sigogi dole ne a bincika su sosai akan kayan haɗawa da kayan tallafi don tabbatar da cewa duk fage masu ƙarfi suna cikin kyakkyawan yanayin aiki. A lokaci guda kuma, dole ne a bincika kayan aikin a kai a kai don tabbatar da cewa adadin kwalta da tarawa a cikin cakuda sun dace da buƙatun "Ƙa'idodin Fasaha". Ya kamata a sanya kayan aikin samar da kayan aikin haɗin gwiwa a cikin wani wuri mai faɗi tare da yanayin sufuri mai dacewa. A lokaci guda, dole ne a shirya kayan aikin kariya na wucin gadi, kariyar ruwan sama, rigakafin gobara da sauran matakan tsaro a wurin. Bayan an gauraya cakuda daidai gwargwado, sai a nade duk wani barbashi na ma'adinan da kwalta, kuma kada a yi lullubi, babu farar al'amari, ba rarrashi ko rarrabuwa ba. Gabaɗaya, lokacin haɗuwa na cakuda kwalta shine daƙiƙa 5 zuwa 10 don haɗawa bushe da fiye da daƙiƙa 45 don hadawa rigar, kuma lokacin haɗuwa na cakuda SMA yakamata a tsawanta daidai. Ba za a iya rage lokacin haɗuwa na cakuda don ƙara yawan aiki ba.

[2]. Binciken kurakuran gama gari a cikin tsire-tsire masu haɗa kwalta
1. Binciken gazawar na'urar ciyar da kayan sanyi
Ko bel ɗin bel ɗin mai canzawa ko bel ɗin kayan sanyi yana makale a ƙarƙashin wani abu, zai yi tasiri akan rufewar mai ɗaukar bel ɗin mai canzawa. Idan da'irar madaidaicin bel na isar da sauri ya gaza, dole ne a gudanar da cikakken binciken mai sauya mitar don ganin ko zai iya aiki. A al'ada, idan babu gajeriyar kewayawa, dole ne a duba bel ɗin jigilar kaya don ganin ko ya karkace ko ya zame. Idan yana da matsala tare da bel mai ɗaukar kaya, dole ne a gyara shi da sauri da kuma dacewa don tabbatar da aikin yau da kullun na aikin.
2. Binciken matsalolin mahaɗa
Matsalolin mahaɗa suna bayyanawa a cikin hayaniyar da ba ta dace ba yayin gini. A wannan lokacin, muna buƙatar fara la'akari da ko sashin motar ba shi da kwanciyar hankali saboda nauyin mahaɗin. A wani yanayin kuma, dole ne mu yi la'akari da ko za a iya lalata maƙallan da ke taka tsayayyen matsayi. Wannan yana buƙatar ma'aikata su gudanar da cikakken dubawa, gyara bearings, da kuma maye gurbin sassan mahaɗa da suka lalace sosai a kan lokaci don hana rashin daidaituwar yanayin haɗin.
3. Binciken matsalolin firikwensin
Akwai yanayi guda biyu lokacin da akwai matsaloli tare da firikwensin. Ɗaya daga cikin yanayi shine lokacin da ƙimar silo ba daidai ba ne. A wannan lokacin, ana buƙatar bincika firikwensin. Idan firikwensin ya gaza, dole ne a maye gurbinsa cikin lokaci. Wani yanayin kuma shine lokacin da katakon sikelin ya makale. Idan akwai matsala tare da firikwensin, Ina buƙatar cire al'amuran waje da sauri.
4. Mai ƙonewa ba zai iya ƙonewa kuma ya ƙone kullum.
Don matsalar da injin incinerator ba zai iya ƙonewa kullum lokacin da samfurin ya yi zafi ba, mai aiki yana buƙatar yin amfani da hanyoyi masu zuwa don magance matsalar: cikakken dubawa na ɗakin aiki da kowace na'urar ƙonewa, kamar wutar lantarki na bel na watsawa, wutar lantarki, abin nadi, fan da sauran abubuwan da aka gyara Bincika daki-daki, sannan duba matsayin bawul ɗin konewa na fan, duba matsayin ƙofar iska mai sanyi, yanayin buɗewa da rufewa na ƙofar fan, matsayin busasshen bushewa. da yanayin matsa lamba na ciki, ko kayan aikin yana cikin yanayin kayan aiki na hannu, kuma duk alamun sun cancanci. A cikin jihar, shigar da mataki na biyu na dubawa: duba ko kewayen mai a bayyane yake, ko na'urar ƙonawa ta al'ada ce, kuma ko kunshin babban ƙarfin lantarki ya lalace. Idan ba a iya samun matsalar ba, je mataki na uku a cire na'urar incinerator. Fitar da na'urar a duba tsabtarta, gami da ko dattin mai ya toshe da'irar mai da kuma ko akwai tazara mai inganci tsakanin na'urar. Idan binciken da ke sama ya kasance na al'ada, to, kuna buƙatar gudanar da cikakken bincike game da matsayin aiki na famfo mai. Bincika kuma gwada ko matsa lamba a tashar famfo ya dace da yanayin al'ada.
5. Bincike na mummunan aikin matsa lamba mara kyau
Abubuwan da ke da tasiri akan matsi na ciki na abin busawa galibi sun haɗa da abubuwa biyu: mai busawa da kuma daftarin da aka jawo. Lokacin da mai busa ya haifar da matsi mai kyau a cikin drum, daftarin da aka haifar zai haifar da mummunan matsa lamba a cikin ganga, kuma mummunan matsa lamba da aka haifar ba zai iya zama babba ba, in ba haka ba ƙura zai tashi daga bangarori hudu na drum kuma ya shafi yanayin da ke kewaye.
Lokacin da matsa lamba mara kyau ya faru a cikin ganga mai bushewa, ma'aikatan yakamata suyi ayyuka masu zuwa: Domin tantance aikin damper, dole ne a bincika mashigan iska na damfarar da aka jawo. Lokacin da damper ɗin bai motsa ba, zaku iya saita shi zuwa aikin hannu, daidaita damper ɗin zuwa wurin ƙafar hannu, duba ko yana gudana akai-akai, kuma kawar da yanayin da ya makale. Idan za'a iya buɗe shi da hannu, to bi matakan Gudanar da cikakken bincike kan hanyoyin da suka dace. Na biyu, a karkashin yanayin cewa za a iya amfani da damper na damfarar daftarin da aka jawo akai-akai, ma'aikata suna buƙatar yin cikakken bincike na allon bugun jini, duba ko akwai wasu tambayoyi game da wayar salula ko na'urar lantarki, gano musabbabin hatsarin. da kuma warware shi a kimiyance a kan lokaci.
6. Ana nazarin rabon mai-dutsen da bai dace ba
Matsakaicin whetstone yana nufin yawan rabon kwalta zuwa yashi da sauran filaye a cikin kankare kwalta. Yana da mahimmanci mai nuna alama don sarrafa ingancin kwalta kankare. Idan rabon mai da dutse ya yi yawa, zai sa al'amarin "cake mai" ya bayyana bayan shimfidawa da mirgina. Koyaya, idan rabon mai-dutse ya yi ƙanƙanta, kayan simintin za su bambanta, wanda zai haifar da gazawar mirgina. Dukansu yanayi sune manyan haɗari masu inganci.
7. Binciken matsalar allo
Babban matsala tare da allon shine fitowar ramuka a cikin allon, wanda zai haifar da tarawa daga matakin da ya gabata don shiga silo na mataki na gaba. Dole ne a yi samfurin cakuda don hakar da nunawa. Idan dutsen ƙanƙara na cakuda yana da girma sosai, , abin mamaki na kek ɗin mai zai faru bayan shimfidawa da mirgina saman hanya. Sabili da haka, idan kowane lokaci ko rashin daidaituwa ya faru a cikin hakar da bayanan nunawa, ya kamata ku yi la'akari da duba allon.

[3]. Maintenance na kwalta kankare hadawa shuka
1. Kula da tankuna
Tankin shuka kwalta na'ura ce mai mahimmanci na masana'antar hada-hadar kankare kuma tana fuskantar lalacewa da tsagewa. Yawancin lokaci, faranti mai ruɗi, haɗakar da hannu, wukake da hatimin ƙofa na girgiza kwalta dole ne a daidaita su kuma a maye gurbinsu cikin lokaci bisa ga yanayin lalacewa da tsagewa, kuma bayan kowane haɗin kankare, tankin dole ne a goge cikin lokaci don tsaftace hadawar. shuka. Sauran simintin da ke cikin tanki da simintin da aka makala a ƙofar kayan ya kamata a wanke su sosai don hana simintin da ke cikin tanki daga ƙarfafawa. Hakanan bincika akai-akai ko ƙofar kayan tana buɗewa kuma tana rufewa da sassauƙa don guje wa cunkoson ƙofar kayan. Lokacin kula da tanki, dole ne a katse wutar lantarki, kuma dole ne a sanya mutum mai sadaukarwa don kula da hankali. Kafin kowane dagawa, tabbatar da cewa babu wani baƙon abubuwa a cikin tanki, kuma a guji fara babban injin da lodi.
2. Maintenance na bugun jini limiter
The limiters na kwalta kankare shuka hadawa sun hada da babba iyaka, ƙananan iyaka, iyaka iyaka da kewaye watse, da dai sauransu A lokacin aiki, ji na ƙwarai da amincin kowane iyaka canji ya kamata a bincika akai-akai. Abubuwan dubawa sun haɗa da ko abubuwan da'irar sarrafawa, haɗin gwiwa da wayoyi suna cikin yanayi mai kyau, da kuma ko da'irori na al'ada ne. Wannan zai yi tasiri a kan amintaccen aiki na shuka shuka.

[4]. Cakudar kwalta ta haɗa matakan sarrafa inganci
1. M tarawa yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin kankare kwalta. Gabaɗaya magana, tsakuwa tare da girman barbashi na 2.36 zuwa 25mm ana kiransa gabaɗaya m tara. An fi amfani da shi a cikin saman simintin siminti don ƙarfafa kayan granular, ƙara haɓakarsa da rage abubuwan da ke tasiri na ƙaura. Wannan yana buƙatar tsarin injina na jimlar ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun abubuwa na iya dacewa da bukatunsa a fagen abubuwan sinadarai, don cimma burin fasaha. bukatu kuma suna da takamaiman kaddarorin jiki, irin su aikin jiki mai zafi mai zafi, yawan kayan abu da abubuwan da ke haifar da ƙarfi. Bayan da aka murƙushe ƙaƙƙarfan jigon, saman ya kamata ya kasance m, kuma siffar jiki ya kamata ya zama cube tare da gefuna da sasanninta a bayyane, inda Abubuwan da ke cikin nau'in nau'in allura ya kamata a kiyaye su a ƙananan matakin, kuma gogayya a ciki shine. in mun gwada da karfi. Duwatsun da aka murƙushe tare da girman barbashi daga kusan 0.075 zuwa 2.36mm ana kiransu gaba ɗaya azaman tararraki masu kyau, waɗanda galibi sun haɗa da slag da foda na ma'adinai. Waɗannan nau'ikan nau'ikan tarawa guda biyu suna da tsayayyen buƙatun tsaftacewa kuma ba a yarda a haɗa su ko manne da wani abu ba. Don abubuwa masu cutarwa, ƙarfin haɗakarwa tsakanin barbashi ya kamata a ƙarfafa yadda ya kamata, kuma ya kamata a matsa rata tsakanin tarawa don haɓaka kwanciyar hankali da ƙarfin kayan.
2. Lokacin da aka haɗu da cakuda, dole ne a gudanar da cakuda sosai bisa ga yanayin da aka ƙayyade don cakuda kwalta. Kafin a fara haɗuwa da cakuda kowace rana, ya kamata a ƙara yawan zafin jiki daidai da 10 ° C zuwa 20 ° C bisa ga wannan yanayin. Ta wannan hanyar, hadawar kwalta ingancin kayan yana da fa'ida sosai. Wata hanya kuma ita ce a rage yawan adadin da ke shiga ganga bushewa daidai gwargwado, ƙara yawan zafin wuta, da kuma tabbatar da cewa lokacin da za a fara hadawa, dumama zafin jiki mai laushi da tarar aggregates da kwalta ya dan kadan sama da ƙimar da aka ƙayyade, wannan. iya hana kwalta kankare hadawa kwanon rufi yadda ya kamata daga jefar.
3. Kafin a aiwatar da aikin gini, dole ne a fara yin bita na gradation na jimlar ɓangarorin. Wannan tsarin bita yana da matukar muhimmanci kuma yana shafar ingancin aikin kai tsaye. A ƙarƙashin yanayi na al'ada, sau da yawa ana samun babban bambanci tsakanin ainihin ma'auni da maƙasudin manufa. Domin ya fi dacewa da daidaitattun daidaitattun daidaitattun daidaitattun maƙasudin, wajibi ne a yi gyare-gyare mai kyau dangane da saurin jujjuyawar motsi na hopper da ƙimar ciyarwa. , don mafi kyawun tabbatar da daidaito kuma ta haka mafi kyawun cimma sakamako mai dacewa.
4. A lokaci guda, ƙarfin nunawa na allon yana rinjayar saitin rabi da fitarwa na bene zuwa wani matsayi. A cikin yanayin ƙarancin ƙwarewa, idan kuna son yin aiki mai kyau a cikin nunin allo, dole ne ku saita saurin fitarwa daban-daban. don cika. Don tabbatar da samar da al'ada na geotextiles da kuma tabbatar da cewa babu wani babban kuskure a cikin ƙididdiga na kayan ma'adinai, kayan ma'adinai dole ne a daidaita su daidai da abin da ake tsammani kafin ginawa, kuma dole ne a daidaita matakan samarwa tare da saitunan da aka saita. , don kada ya canza yayin aikin ginin.
5. A bisa ga tabbatar da al'ada amfani da kwalta cakuda, shi wajibi ne don saita ainihin amfani adadin na musamman aggregates da kuma ma'adinai foda, da kuma a lokaci guda daidai da rage yawan amfani da ma'adinai foda; Abu na biyu, kula da rashin iya amfani da shi yayin aikin ginin hadawa. Canja girman damper, kuma sanya ƙwararrun ma'aikata don gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun don tabbatar da cewa kauri na membrane na kwalta ya cika ka'idodin gini, hana cakuda daga nuna launin fari, da haɓaka ingancin ginin.
6. Lokacin haɗuwa da zafin jiki na cakuda dole ne a sarrafa shi sosai. Daidaitawar cakuda kwalta yana da kusanci sosai tare da tsawon lokacin haɗuwa. Su biyun sun yi daidai da juna kai tsaye, wato, tsawon lokacin, yawan yunifom zai kasance. Duk da haka, idan ba a sarrafa lokacin da kyau ba, kwalta za ta tsufa, wanda zai shafi ingancin cakuda. adversely shafi ingancin. Don haka, dole ne a sarrafa zafin jiki ta hanyar kimiyya yayin haɗuwa. Lokacin hadawa na kowane farantin kayan aikin haɗawa na tsaka-tsaki ana sarrafa shi tsakanin 45-50 seconds, yayin da busassun lokacin hadawa ya kamata ya fi tsayi fiye da daƙiƙa 5-10, dangane da lokacin haɗawar. Dama a ko'ina a matsayin ma'auni.
A takaice dai, a matsayinmu na ma'aikatan masana'antar hada-hadar a cikin sabon zamani, dole ne mu kasance da cikakkiyar masaniya game da mahimmancin haɓaka inganci da kiyaye kayan aikin hada kwalta. Ta hanyar sarrafa ingancin tsire-tsire masu cakuda kwalta da kyau za mu iya tabbatar da hadawar kwalta kawai ta hanyar inganta ingancin samar da tsire-tsire za mu iya samar da mafi inganci da ingantaccen gaurayawan kwalta, aza harsashi mai ƙarfi don haɓaka ingancin aikin.