Tushen layin kwalta ya kasu kashi-kashi mai tsauri da tsauri. Tun da tushe mai tushe da saman saman kayan abu ne na kaddarorin daban-daban, kyakkyawar haɗin gwiwa da ci gaba tsakanin su biyu sune manyan buƙatun wannan nau'in pavement. Bugu da kari, lokacin da kwalta saman saman kwalta ya tsinkayi ruwa, yawancin ruwan za su kasance ne a hade da ke tsakanin shimfidar saman da kasa, wanda zai haifar da lalacewa ga shimfidar kwalta kamar slurry, sako-sako, da ramuka. Sabili da haka, ƙara ƙaramin hatimi a saman wani yanki mai tsauri ko ƙaƙƙarfan tushe zai taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɓaka ƙarfi, kwanciyar hankali da ƙarfin hana ruwa na tsarin shimfidar shimfidar wuri. Abin da aka fi amfani da shi shine amfani da fasahar hatimi tare da kwalta tsakuwa.

Ƙarƙashin rufewa
Haɗin tsakanin Layer
Akwai bayyane bambance-bambance tsakanin kwalta surface Layer da Semi-m ko m tushe Layer cikin sharuddan tsari, abun da ke ciki kayan, gini fasahar da kuma lokaci. Ana samar da farfajiya mai zamiya da gangan tsakanin saman saman da mashin tushe. Bayan ƙara ƙananan hatimi, za'a iya haɗa Layer Layer da tushe mai mahimmanci a cikin ɗaya.

Canja wurin kaya
Ƙwallon saman kwalta da madauri mai ƙarfi ko ƙaƙƙarfan tushe suna taka rawa daban-daban a cikin tsarin ginin pavement. Layin saman kwalta ya fi taka rawa na anti-skid, mai hana ruwa, hana surutu, zamewa da tsagewa, kuma yana ɗaukar kaya zuwa gindin tushe. Don cimma manufar watsa kaya, dole ne a sami ci gaba mai ƙarfi tsakanin farfajiyar saman da tushe mai tushe. Za'a iya samun wannan ci gaba ta hanyar aikin ƙarami mai rufewa (launi mai mannewa, Layer permeable).

Inganta ƙarfin hanya
Matsakaicin na roba na saman kwalta da madaidaicin madauri mai ƙarfi ko tushe sun bambanta. Lokacin da aka haɗa su tare kuma aka yi lodi, yanayin yada damuwa na kowane Layer ya bambanta kuma nakasar ma ta bambanta. Ƙarƙashin aikin ɗaukar nauyi na tsaye da ƙarfin tasiri na gefe na abin hawa, Layer Layer zai sami yanayin ƙaura dangane da tushe na tushe. Idan jujjuyawar ciki da haɗin kai na saman saman kanta da lanƙwasa da damuwa a ƙasan saman saman ba za su iya jure wa wannan damuwa mai canzawa ba, saman saman zai sha wahala daga turawa, rutting, har ma da sassautawa da kwasfa. Don haka, dole ne a samar da ƙarin ƙarfi don Hana wannan motsi tsakanin yadudduka. Bayan ƙara ƙananan rubutun hatimi, ƙarfin juzu'i da haɗin kai don hana motsi yana ƙaruwa tsakanin yadudduka, wanda zai iya aiwatar da haɗin kai da ayyukan miƙa mulki tsakanin rigidity da laushi, don haka Layer Layer, tushe Layer, matashin matashin kai da tushe na ƙasa zai iya tsayayya. kaya tare. Don cimma manufar inganta ƙarfin gaba ɗaya na farfajiyar hanya.

Mai hana ruwa da ruwa
A cikin tsarin shimfidar kwalta mai nau'i-nau'i na babbar hanya, aƙalla Layer ɗaya dole ne ya zama nau'in simintin kwalta mai girman daraja I. Manufarsa ita ce don haɓaka girman daɗaɗɗen saman da kuma hana ruwa na sama daga ɓarna da lahani da shimfidar shimfidar wuri da tushe. Amma wannan kadai bai isa ba, saboda baya ga abubuwan da aka tsara, ginin kwalta yana da tasiri da abubuwa da yawa kamar ingancin kwalta, kaddarorin dutse, ƙayyadaddun dutse da ma'auni, rabon dutsen mai, kayan haɗawa da shimfidawa, mirgina zafin jiki. , lokacin mirgina, da sauransu. Tasiri. Layer na saman, wanda ya kamata ya kasance yana da yawa mai kyau kuma kusan ruwa ba zai iya zama ba, sau da yawa yana da tsayin daka na ruwa saboda wata hanyar da ba ta kasance a wurin ba, don haka yana rinjayar ikon hana gani na shingen kwalta. Har ma yana shafar zaman lafiyar kwalta kwalta da kanta, da tushe Layer da ƙasa tushe. Saboda haka, "Ƙa'idodin Fasaha don Gina Titin Kwalta na Babbar Hanya" ya bayyana a fili cewa lokacin da yake a cikin wurin damina kuma saman kwalta yana da manyan gibi da tsangwama na ruwa, ya kamata a sanya wani ƙananan shinge na shinge a ƙarƙashin murfin kwalta.

Tsarin ginin ƙasan hatimi
Ka'idar aiki na ƙulla tsakuwa mai daidaitawa ita ce yin amfani da kayan aikin gini na musamman, injin ɗin hatimin tsakuwa mai daidaitawa, don fesa kwalta mai zafi mai zafi da tsabta, bushe da tsakuwa iri ɗaya a kan titin kusan lokaci guda, tabbatar da cewa kwalta da dutse suna fesa a kan farfajiyar hanya cikin kankanin lokaci. Kammala haɗin gwiwa kuma ci gaba da ƙarfafa ƙarfi a ƙarƙashin aikin nauyin waje.
Daban-daban iri na kwalta binders za a iya amfani da na lokaci guda sealing na kwalta tsakuwa: taushi tsarki kwalta, polymer SBS modified kwalta, emulsified kwalta, polymer modified emulsified kwalta, diluted kwalta, da dai sauransu A halin yanzu, mafi yadu amfani tsari a kasar Sin shi ne zuwa zafi talakawa zafi kwalta zuwa 140°C ko zafi SBS modified kwalta zuwa 170°C. Yi amfani da motar yada kwalta don fesa kwalta daidai gwargwado a saman faifan tushe mai ƙarfi ko mara ƙarfi, sa'an nan kuma yada jimillar a ko'ina. An yi jimlar da dutsen farar ƙasa tare da girman barbashi na 13.2 ~ 19mm. Ya kamata ya zama mai tsabta, bushe, mara yanayi, mara ƙazanta, kuma yana da siffa mai kyau. Adadin tsakuwa yakamata ya kasance tsakanin 60% zuwa 70% na cikakken filin shimfida.
Ana sarrafa adadin kwalta da tara bisa ga matsakaicin adadin 1200kg · km-2 da 9m3 · km-2 bi da bi. Gina bisa ga wannan shirin yana buƙatar cikakken daidaito a cikin adadin fesa kwalta da kuma yaɗuwar jimillar, don haka dole ne a yi amfani da babbar motar tsakuwa ta tsakuwa don yin gini. A saman saman siminti-stabilized tsakuwa tushe da aka fesa ta, yada zafi kwalta ko SBS modified kwalta a cikin wani adadin kamar 1.2 ~ 2.0kg · km-2, sa'an nan a ko'ina yada Layer na tsakuwa tare da guda barbashi. girman a saman. Girman tsakuwa da tsakuwa girman ya kamata ya dace da girman barbashi na kwalta da kankare da aka yi wa rufin ruwa mai hana ruwa. Yankin da yake shimfidawa shine kashi 60% zuwa 70% na cikakken shimfida, sannan ana amfani da robar taya don daidaita matsa lamba sau 1 zuwa 2 don samarwa. Manufar yada tsakuwa mai girman guda daya ita ce don kare kariya daga lalacewar tayoyin motocin gine-gine kamar manyan motoci da titin cakudewar kwalta a lokacin aikin, da kuma hana kwalta da aka gyara daga narkar da yanayin zafi mai zafi. da cakuda kwalta mai zafi. Dabarar za ta tsaya kuma ta shafi ginin.
A ka’ida, tsakuwa ba sa cudanya da juna. Lokacin da ake shimfida cakuda kwalta, cakuda mai zafin jiki zai shiga gibba tsakanin tsakuwa, wanda zai haifar da gyambon kwalta da aka gyara ta narke da zafi. Bayan jujjuyawa da murɗawa, farar tsakuwar ta zama tsakuwar kwalta an saka shi a cikin kasan tsarin ginin kwalta don ya zama gabaɗaya, kuma an samar da "Layer mai arzikin mai" mai kimanin 1.5cm a kasan ginin, wanda zai iya zama. yadda ya kamata a matsayin mai hana ruwa Layer.