[1] Cututtuka na yau da kullun na shimfidar kwalta
Akwai nau'o'i tara na lalacewa da wuri ga shingen kwalta: ruts, fasa, da ramuka. Wadannan cututtuka sun fi kowa kuma suna da tsanani, kuma suna daya daga cikin matsalolin ingancin gama gari na ayyukan manyan hanyoyi.
1.1 Rut
Ruts suna nufin tsagi mai sifar bel mai tsayi da aka samar tare da waƙoƙin dabaran akan saman hanya, tare da zurfin sama da 1.5cm. Rutting wani tsagi ne mai nau'in bandeji da aka samu ta hanyar tarin nakasu na dindindin a saman titin karkashin maimaita lodin tuki. Rutting yana rage santsi na saman hanya. Lokacin da tarkacen ya kai wani zurfin zurfi, saboda tarin ruwa a cikin tururuwa, motoci suna iya zamewa kuma suna haifar da haɗari. Rutting galibi yana faruwa ne saboda ƙira mara ma'ana da kuma wuce gona da iri na ababan hawa.
1.2 Tsara
Akwai manyan nau'ikan tsage-tsafe guda uku: tsagewar tsayi, tsage-tsage mai jujjuyawa da tsagewar hanyar sadarwa. Ana samun fashe-fashe a cikin daɓen kwalta, yana haifar da ɓarnawar ruwa kuma yana cutar da saman ƙasa da ƙasa.
1.3 Rami da tsagi
Potholes cuta ce da ta zama ruwan dare gama gari na kwalta, wanda ke nufin lalacewar da pavement ɗin zuwa cikin ramuka mai zurfin sama da 2cm da faɗin ?? fiye da 0.04㎡. Ana samun ramuka musamman lokacin da gyaran abin hawa ko man abin hawa ke shiga saman titin. Gurbacewar da ke haifar da cakudewar kwalta ta sassauta, kuma a hankali ramukan suna tasowa ta hanyar tuki da birgima.
1.4 Barewa
Kwalta kwalta bawon kwalta yana nufin bawon da aka yi da shi daga saman pavement, mai faɗin 'fiye da murabba'in mita 0.1. Babban dalilin bawon kwalta kwalta shine lalacewar ruwa.
1.5 a faskara
Sako da titin kwalta yana nufin asarar ƙarfin haɗin gwiwa na mai ɗauren pavement da sassauta abubuwan tarawa, tare da fadin fiye da murabba'in mita 0.1.

[2] Matakan kula da cututtuka na gama gari na shimfidar kwalta
Don cututtukan da ke faruwa a farkon matakin ginin kwalta, dole ne mu yi aikin gyara cikin lokaci, ta yadda za a rage tasirin cutar kan amincin tuki na titin kwalta.
2.1 Gyaran tsatsa
Babban hanyoyin gyaran tarkacen titin kwalta sune kamar haka:
2.1.1 Idan saman layin ya lalace saboda motsin ababen hawa. Ya kamata a cire dattin saman ta hanyar yanke ko niƙa, sannan a sake farfado da saman kwalta. Sannan a yi amfani da cakuda kwalta mastic tsakuwa (SMA) ko SBS modified kwalta guda cakuda, ko polyethylene modified kwalta cakuda gyara ruts.
2.1.2 Idan aka tura saman titin a kaikaice kuma aka samar da tarkace a kaikaice, idan ta daidaita, za a iya yanke sassan da ke fitowa, sannan a fesa sassan ruwa ko fenti da kwalta mai hade da cika da kwalta cakude, a daidaita, da kuma m.
2.1.3 Idan rutting ya faru ne ta hanyar wani yanki na subsidence na tushe Layer saboda rashin ƙarfi da rashin ƙarfi na ruwa na tushe Layer, da tushe Layer ya kamata a fara bi da. Cire saman ƙasa gabaɗaya da kashin tushe
2.2 Gyaran tsagewa
Bayan tsagewar kwalta ta auku, idan duk ko mafi yawan ƙananan fasa za a iya warkewa a lokacin yanayin zafi mai zafi, ba a buƙatar magani. Idan akwai ƙananan tsagewar da ba za a iya warkewa a lokacin zafi mai zafi ba, dole ne a gyara su cikin lokaci don sarrafa ci gaba da fadada tsagewar, da hana lalacewar da wuri da wuri, da kuma inganta yadda ake amfani da babbar hanya. Hakazalika, lokacin da ake gyara fasa kwalta a kan titin kwalta, dole ne a bi tsauraran ayyuka da ƙayyadaddun buƙatun.
2.2.1 Hanyar gyara mai cike da mai. A lokacin hunturu, a tsaftace tsagewar tsaye da a kwance, a yi amfani da iskar gas don dumama bangon tsagewar zuwa yanayin da bai dace ba, sannan a fesa kwalta ko turmi kwalta (emulsified kwalta ya kamata a fesa a cikin ƙananan zafin jiki da lokacin ɗanɗano) a cikin tsagewar, sannan a watsa shi cikin tsagewar. a ko'ina Kare shi da busassun guntun dutse mai tsabta ko yashi mai tsayi na 2 zuwa 5 mm, kuma a ƙarshe amfani da abin nadi mai haske don murkushe kayan ma'adinai. Idan karami ne, sai a kara fadada shi a gaba tare da yankan niƙa, sannan a sarrafa shi bisa ga hanyar da aka ambata a sama, sannan a yi amfani da ɗan ƙaramin kwalta tare da ƙarancin daidaito tare da tsagewar.
2.2.2 Gyara shimfidar kwalta mai fashe. Yayin ginin, fara fitar da tsofaffin tsaga don samar da tsagi mai siffar V; sai a yi amfani da injin damfara don busa sassan da ba su da kyau da ƙura da sauran tarkace a ciki da kuma kewayen ramin mai siffar V, sannan a yi amfani da bindigar extrusion don haɗa abin da aka gauraya daidai gwargwado Ana zuba kayan gyara a cikin tsagewar don cika shi. Bayan kayan gyaran gyare-gyare sun ƙarfafa, za a buɗe don zirga-zirga a cikin kusan kwana ɗaya. Bugu da kari, idan akwai tsage-tsage masu tsanani saboda rashin isasshen ƙarfi na tushe na ƙasa ko kashin tushe ko slurry na kan hanya, yakamata a fara fara fara fara fara maganin ƙasa sannan a sake yin aikin saman.
2.3 Kula da ramuka
2.3.1 Hanyar kulawa lokacin da tushe na gefen hanya ya kasance cikakke kuma kawai Layer Layer yana da ramuka. Bisa ga ka'idar "zagaye rami murabba'in gyara", zana shaci na pothole gyara a layi daya ko perpendicular zuwa tsakiyar line na hanya. Yi bisa ga murabba'in murabba'i ko murabba'i. Yanke ramin zuwa barga. Yi amfani da injin damfara don tsaftace ƙasan tsagi da tsagi. Tsaftace kura da sassan bangon, sa'an nan kuma fesa wani bakin ciki na kwalta mai ɗaure a kan ƙasa mai tsabta na tanki; sai bangon tanki ya cika da cakuda kwalta da aka shirya. Sa'an nan kuma mirgine shi da abin nadi na hannu, tabbatar da cewa ƙarfin ƙarfin aiki yana aiki kai tsaye akan cakuda kwalta. Tare da wannan hanya, tsagewa, tsagewa, da dai sauransu ba za su faru ba.
2.3.1 Gyara ta hanyar faci mai zafi. Ana amfani da motar gyare-gyare mai zafi don dumama hanyar da ke cikin rami tare da farantin dumama, sassauta shimfidar pavement mai zafi da laushi, fesa kwalta mai laushi, ƙara sabon cakuda kwalta, sannan a motsa shi da shimfidawa, sannan a haɗa shi da abin nadi.
2.3.3 Idan tushen tushe ya lalace saboda rashin isasshen ƙarfi na gida kuma an kafa ramuka, ya kamata a tono saman saman da ƙasa gaba ɗaya.
2.4 Gyaran bawon
2.4.1 Saboda rashin kyakyawan alaka tsakanin saman kwalta da na sama, ko bawon da aka samu sakamakon rashin kulawa da farko, sai a cire sassan da bassuke da bassuke, sannan a sake yin abin rufewar saman. Adadin kwalta da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin shingen rufewa yakamata ya zama Kuma ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun ɓangarorin kayan ma'adinai yakamata ya dogara da kauri na murfin rufewa.
2.4.2 Idan bawon ya faru a tsakanin sassan saman kwalta, sai a cire bawon da bassula, a yi fenti na kasa da fentin kwalta, sannan a sake gyara kwalta.
2.4.3 Idan bawon ya faru saboda rashin haɗin gwiwa tsakanin saman saman da ƙasan ƙasa, sai a fara cire bawon da ba a kwance ba kuma a yi nazarin dalilin rashin haɗin gwiwa.
2.5 Sako da kulawa
2.5.1 Idan an sami ɗan rami kaɗan saboda asarar kayan da aka yi amfani da su, lokacin da saman kwalta ba ta ƙare da mai ba, ana iya yayyafa abin da ya dace a lokacin zafi mai zafi kuma a share shi daidai da tsintsiya don cike gibin da ke cikin dutse. tare da caulking kayan.
2.5.2 Domin manyan wuraren pockmarked, fesa kwalta tare da mafi girma daidaito da kuma yayyafa caulking kayan da dace barbashi masu girma dabam. Ya kamata kayan da ake yin caulking a tsakiyar yankin da aka yiwa alama ya zama ɗan kauri kaɗan, kuma mahaɗin da ke kewaye tare da asalin hanyar hanya ya kamata ya zama ɗan sirara da siffa mai kyau. Kuma birgima cikin siffar.
2.5.3 Filin titin yana kwance saboda rashin mannewa tsakanin kwalta da dutsen acidic. Dole ne a tono duk sassan da ba a kwance ba sannan a sake yin shimfidar saman. Kada a yi amfani da duwatsun acidic lokacin sake farfado da kayan ma'adinai.