Binciken kurakuran gama gari a cikin tsire-tsire masu haɗa kwalta
A cikin ginin kwalta na kwalta, masana'antar hada-hadar kwalta sune kayan aiki masu mahimmanci don tabbatar da ingancin gini da inganta inganci. A cikin gina manyan tituna na cikin gida, kusan dukkanin tsire-tsire masu haɗa kwalta ana amfani da su. Gabaɗayan ƙayyadaddun bayanai sun fi sa'o'i 160. Zuba hannun jarin kayan aiki yana da girma kuma muhimmin sashi ne na fasahar ginin shimfidar wuri.
Ingantacciyar masana'antar hada kwalta da ingancin simintin da aka samar na da alaka da ko injin din kwalta ya gaza da kuma nau'i da yuwuwar gazawar. Haɗewar shekaru masu yawa na gogewar kwalta da kera kwalta da kera motocin falat ɗin lantarki, ana nazarin abubuwan da ke haifar da gazawa a masana'antar hada ƙwalwar kwalta don samar da ɗan gogewa wajen haɓaka haɓakar simintin kwalta da tabbatar da ingancin ginin kwalta mai daraja.

1. M fitarwa da ƙananan kayan aikin samar da kayan aiki
A cikin samar da gine-gine, irin wannan lamari yakan ci karo da shi. Ƙarfin samar da kayan aiki bai isa sosai ba, kuma ainihin ƙarfin samarwa ya fi ƙasa da ƙarfin ƙayyadaddun kayan aiki, wanda ya haifar da sharar gida da ƙananan inganci. Babban dalilan da ke haifar da irin wannan gazawar sun haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa:
(1) Rashin dacewa kwalta kankare mix rabo. Kwalta kankare mix rabo manufa mix rabo da samar mix rabo. The manufa mix rabo iko sanyi kayan sufuri rabo na yashi da tsakuwa kayan, da kuma samar mix rabo ne hadawa rabo na daban-daban iri yashi da dutse kayan a cikin ƙãre kwalta kankare kayan kayyade a cikin zane. The samar mix rabo aka ƙaddara ta dakin gwaje-gwaje, wanda kai tsaye kayyade kashe-site grading misali na ƙãre kwalta kankare. An saita maƙasudin haɗakar maƙasudin don ƙara tabbatar da ƙimar haɓakar samarwa, kuma ana iya daidaita shi daidai gwargwadon halin da ake ciki yayin samarwa. Lokacin da maƙasudin mahaɗin da aka yi niyya ko haɗin haɗin samarwa bai dace ba, duwatsun da aka adana a kowane ma'auni na shukar kwalta ba za su yi daidai ba, tare da zubar da ruwa da wasu kayan, ba za a iya auna su cikin lokaci ba, kuma silinda mai gauraya zai zama maras kyau. , yana haifar da raguwar fitarwa.
(2) Girman yashi da dutse bai cancanta ba.
Kowane ƙayyadaddun yashi da dutse yana da kewayon gradation. Idan kula da ciyarwar ba ta da ƙarfi kuma gradation da gaske ya wuce kewayon, za a samar da “sharar gida” mai yawa, kuma kwandon mitar ba zai iya aunawa cikin lokaci ba. Ba wai kawai yana haifar da ƙarancin fitarwa ba, har ma yana lalatar da albarkatun ƙasa da yawa.
(3) Ruwan yashi da dutse ya yi yawa.
Ƙarfin samar da busassun bushewa na tashar hadawar kwalta ya dace da samfurin kayan aiki daidai. Lokacin da abun ciki na ruwa a cikin yashi da dutse ya yi yawa, ƙarfin bushewa yana raguwa, kuma adadin yashi da dutsen da ake bayarwa a cikin kwandon mita don isa yanayin da aka saita a kowane lokaci na raka'a kadan ne. Wannan yana rage samarwa.
(4) Darajar konewar man fetur ba ta da yawa. Akwai wasu buƙatu na man konewa da ake amfani da su a cikin tsire-tsire na kwalta. Gabaɗaya, ana kona dizal, dizal mai nauyi ko mai. A lokacin gini, don yin arha, wani lokaci ana kona gauraye mai. Irin wannan man yana da ƙarancin konewa da ƙarancin zafi, wanda ke yin tasiri sosai ga ƙarfin dumama ganga mai bushewa. .
(5) An saita sigogin aiki na kayan aiki mara kyau.
Yafi nunawa a cikin rashin daidaitaccen wuri na bushewar hadawa da lokacin hadawa rigar da rashin daidaituwa na buɗe ƙofar guga da lokacin rufewa. A karkashin yanayi na al'ada, kowane sake zagayowar samarwa yana da daƙiƙa 45, wanda kawai ya kai ƙimar samar da kayan aiki. Ɗaukar nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in 2000 a matsayin misali, sake zagayowar motsa jiki shine 45s, fitowar sa'a Q = 2 × 3600 / 45 = 160t / h, lokacin sake zagayowar shine 50s, fitowar sa'a Q = 2 × 3600 / 50 = 144t / h (Lura: Ƙarfin ƙididdiga na nau'in kayan haɗin nau'in 2000 shine 160t / h). Wannan yana buƙatar rage lokacin sake zagayowar haɗuwa gwargwadon yiwuwar yayin tabbatar da inganci.

2. Zazzaɓin zafi na kankare kwalta ba shi da kwanciyar hankali
A lokacin aikin samar da kwalta kankare, akwai tsauraran buƙatun don zafin jiki. Idan yanayin zafi ya yi yawa, kwalta za ta kasance cikin sauƙi “kone”, wanda aka fi sani da “manna”, wanda ba shi da amfani kuma dole ne a jefar da shi; idan yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa sosai, kwalta za ta manne da yashi da tsakuwa, wanda aka fi sani da "fararen abu". Asarar "manna" da "fararen abu" yana da ban mamaki, kuma farashin kowace tan na kayan ya kai yuan 250. Idan wurin samar da kankare kwalta ya watsar da ƙarin sharar gida, yana nuna ƙarancin sarrafa shi da matakin aiki. Akwai dalilai guda biyu na irin wannan gazawar:
(1) Tsarin dumama kwalta ba daidai ba ne. Idan yanayin zafi ya yi yawa, za a samar da "manna"; idan yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa sosai, za a samar da "farin abu".
(2) Kula da zafin jiki na yashi da kayan tsakuwa ba daidai ba ne. Daidaita daidaitaccen girman harshen wuta, gazawar damper na gaggawa, canje-canje a cikin abun ciki na danshi a cikin yashi da tsakuwa, rashin kayan abu a cikin kwandon kayan sanyi, da sauransu, na iya haifar da lalacewa cikin sauƙi. Wannan yana buƙatar kulawa mai kyau, aunawa akai-akai, da kuma babban ma'anar alhakin inganci yayin aikin samarwa.

3. The man-dutse rabo ne m
Matsakaicin whetstone yana nufin rabon ingancin kwalta zuwa ingancin filaye kamar yashi a cikin kankare kwalta. Yana da muhimmiyar alama don sarrafa ingancin kwalta kankare. Idan rabon mai-dutse ya yi girma sosai, "cake mai" zai bayyana akan titi bayan shimfidawa da birgima. Idan rabon mai-dutse ya yi ƙanƙanta, kayan simintin za su bambanta kuma ba za a samar da simintin bayan mirgina ba. Waɗannan duka munanan hatsarori ne masu inganci. Manyan dalilan su ne:
(1) Ƙasa da ƙura a cikin yashi da duwatsu da gaske sun zarce ma'auni. Ko da yake an cire ƙura, abin da ke cikin laka ɗin ya yi girma da yawa, kuma yawancin kwalta ana haɗa su da abin da aka fi sani da "Absorption Oil". Akwai ƙarancin kwalta da ke manne da saman tsakuwa, wanda ke sa ya yi wuya a yi ta birgima.
(2) Auna gazawar tsarin. Babban dalili shi ne cewa sifili na tsarin auna ma'aunin kwalta da ma'aunin ma'aunin foda na ma'adinan suna yawo, yana haifar da kurakuran auna. Musamman don auna ma'aunin kwalta, kuskuren 1kg zai yi tasiri sosai akan rabon mai-dutse. A cikin samarwa, dole ne a daidaita tsarin ma'auni akai-akai. A ainihin samarwa, saboda yawan ƙazanta da ke cikin foda na ma'adinai, ƙofar ma'aunin foda na ma'adinai sau da yawa ba a rufe shi sosai, yana haifar da zubar da jini, wanda ke tasiri sosai ga ingancin kwalta.

4. Kurar tana da girma kuma tana gurbata yanayin gini.
Yayin da ake yin gine-gine, wasu shuke-shuken da ake hadawa suna cika da kura, suna gurɓata muhalli sosai da kuma yin illa ga lafiyar ma'aikata. Manyan dalilan su ne:
(1) Adadin laka da ƙura a cikin yashi da kayan dutse ya yi girma da yawa kuma ya wuce ma'auni.
(2) Rashin tsarin kawar da kura ta biyu. Tsire-tsire masu haɗa kwalta a halin yanzu gabaɗaya suna amfani da busassun buhunan tara kura na buhu, waɗanda aka yi su da kayan musamman tare da ƙananan pores, kyakyawan iskar iska, da juriya mai zafi. Suna da tsada, amma suna da tasiri mai kyau kuma suna iya biyan bukatun kare muhalli. Babban abin da ke haifar da gurbatar yanayi shi ne yadda bugun iska na buhun ya yi kasa sosai, ko kuma wasu na'urori ba sa maye gurbinsa cikin lokaci bayan lalacewa domin samun kudi. Jakar ta lalace ko kuma ta toshe, konewar man ba ta cika ba, sannan kuma ana sanya najasa a saman jakar, wanda hakan ke haifar da toshewa da sanya na’urar bushewa ta yi sanyi. Kurar tana tashi a ƙofar kayan; jakar ta lalace ko ba a shigar da ita ba, kuma hayakin ya bayyana a matsayin "hayakin rawaya", amma a zahiri ƙura ne.

5. Kula da injin kwalta ta kankare
Kamfanin hada kwalta a wurin da ake ginin wani yanki ne na kayan aiki da ke saurin gazawa. Ƙarfafa kula da wannan kayan aiki yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen tabbatar da ingantaccen gini a wurin ginin, inganta amincin kayan aiki, rage gazawar kayan aiki, da tabbatar da ingancin kankare.
A al'ada, kula da shukar hadawa ya kasu kashi-kashi kulawar tanki, kiyayewa da daidaita tsarin winch, daidaitawa da kula da iyakacin bugun jini, kula da igiya da igiya, kula da hopper na ɗagawa, da kiyayewa. waƙa da maƙallan waƙa. jira. Tankin shine na'urar aiki na masana'antar hada kwalta kuma tana fuskantar lalacewa da tsagewa. Gabaɗaya, layin layi, ruwa, haɗe-haɗe da hatimin ƙofar abu dole ne a gyara kuma a maye gurbinsu akai-akai dangane da lalacewa da tsagewa. Bayan kowace hadayar siminti, dole ne a zubar da tankin cikin lokaci, sauran simintin da ke cikin tanki da simintin da ke manne da kofar kayan dole ne a wanke su sosai don hana simintin da ke cikin tankin ya yi karfi. Ya kamata a duba sassaucin buɗewa da rufe ƙofar kayan aiki akai-akai don hana ƙofar kayan ta makale. Ana sarrafa famfon mai mai kauri sau biyu a kowace awa don samar da mai zuwa ƙarshen tanki don lubricating bearings da zubar da yashi, ruwa, da sauransu. Lokacin kula da tankin, tabbatar da cire haɗin wutar lantarki kuma wani ya kula da shi. don kauce wa hadurra. Tabbatar cewa babu wani baƙon abubuwa a cikin tanki kafin fara na'ura a kowane lokaci, kuma an haramta shi sosai don fara mai masauki da kaya.

Kulawa da daidaitawar motar winch: Tsarin birki na tsarin winch na tashar hadawar aspahlt na iya tabbatar da cewa hopper na iya tsayawa a kowane matsayi akan waƙar yayin da yake gudana cikin cikakken kaya. Girman jujjuyawar haɗakarwa ana daidaita shi ta babban goro akan kujerar baya na motar. Cire dunƙule dunƙule tsakanin makullin goro da birkin fan, ja da baya makullin goro zuwa matsayin da ya dace, kuma matsar da rotor zuwa matsananciyar matsayi zuwa ƙarshen shaft. Sannan matsar da birkin fanka baya domin zoben birki ya dace da saman mazugi na murfin baya. Danne goro na kulle har sai ya tuntubi ƙarshen fuskar birkin fan. Sa'an nan kuma murƙushe shi a cikin juzu'i ɗaya kuma ku matsa maɓallin haɗawa. Idan hopper yana da raunin birki lokacin da aka ɗaga shi ko saukar da shi, da farko motsa goro na kulle zuwa matsayin da ya dace, sa'an nan kuma ƙara ƙarar soket ɗin hexagonal a ƙarshen agogo. Idan akwai matsi lokacin fara injin ɗagawa, da farko cire kwaya ta kulle. Komawa wurin da ya dace, kwance soket ɗin soket ɗin hexagonal a waccan ƙarshen, ƙara tsayin nisan birki na ciki, kuma ƙara goro na kullewa. Kula da ma'ajiyar kaya da ma'aunin nauyi: A yawaita shafa mai a ciki da wajen ramin inda rakiyar lodi ke tuntuɓar abin nadi don rage juriya na abin nadi yayin hawa da ƙasa. Dole ne a magance nakasar rakiyar lodi da baƙar fata cikin lokaci don hana afkuwar Hatsari.
Kula da iyakacin bugun bugun jini: An kasu iyakar tashar hadawa zuwa iyaka iyaka, babban iyaka, ƙananan iyaka da mai watsewar kewayawa. Ya zama dole a akai-akai da sauri bincika hankali da amincin kowane canjin iyaka, duba ko abubuwan da'irar sarrafawa, haɗin gwiwa, da wayoyi suna cikin yanayi mai kyau, kuma ko da'irori na al'ada ne. Wannan yana da matukar mahimmanci ga amintaccen aiki na tashar hadawa.
Yin aiki mai kyau na kula da inganci da magance matsalar masana'antar kwalta ba kawai zai iya tabbatar da ingancin aikin ba, har ma da rage farashin aikin, inganta aikin gine-gine, da samun riba mai ninki biyu na fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.