Kayan aikin hada-hadar kwalta wani kaso ne na saka hannun jari a masana'antar cakuda kwalta. Ba wai kawai yana rinjayar samar da al'ada ba, amma kuma kai tsaye yana ƙayyade ingancin cakuda kwalta da farashin amfani.
Samfurin na'urar hada kwalta ya kamata a zaba ta hanyar kimiyance da hankali bisa abin da ake fitarwa na shekara-shekara. Idan samfurin ya yi girma sosai, zai kara yawan farashin zuba jari kuma ya rage ingantaccen amfani da kayan aiki na polyurethane; idan samfurin kayan aiki ya yi ƙanƙara, fitarwar ba za ta isa ba, wanda zai haifar da gazawar inganta ingantaccen aikin gini, ta haka ya tsawaita lokacin aiki. , tabarbarewar tattalin arziki, ma’aikatan gine-gine su ma suna fama da gajiyawa. Ana amfani da tsire-tsire masu haɗa kwalta da ke ƙasa da nau'in 2000 don hanyoyin gine-gine na cikin gida ko gyaran gyare-gyare na birni, yayin da nau'in 3000 ko sama da haka ana amfani da su a manyan ayyukan tituna kamar manyan tituna, manyan tituna na ƙasa, da manyan tituna na larduna. Yawancin lokaci waɗannan ayyukan suna da tsattsauran lokacin gini.
Dangane da fitowar buƙatun shekara-shekara, fitowar sa'a guda na masana'antar cakuda kwalta = fitarwar buƙatu na shekara-shekara / ingantaccen gini na shekara-shekara watanni 6 / kowace rana mai tasiri na rana 25 /10 hours na aiki kowace rana Ingantacciyar ginin kwalta a kowace shekara watanni 6 ne, kuma kwanakin aikin da aka fi amfani da shi a kowane wata sun fi watanni 6) ana lissafin kwanaki 25, sannan ana lissafin sa'o'in aikin yau da kullun kamar awa 10).
Yana da kyau a zabi da rated fitarwa na kwalta cakuda cakuda shuka ya zama dan kadan ya fi girma fiye da ka'idar lasafta hourly fitarwa, saboda shafi daban-daban dalilai kamar albarkatun kasa dalla-dalla, danshi abun ciki, da dai sauransu, da ainihin barga fitarwa na kwalta cakuda. cakuda shuka yawanci kawai 60% na samfurin samfurin ~ 80%. Misali, ainihin abin da aka ƙididdige na nau'in 4000-nau'in kwalta cakuɗewar shuka shine gabaɗaya 240-320t/h. Idan an ƙara ƙarin fitarwa, zai shafi daidaituwar haɗin kai, gradation da kwanciyar hankali na cakuda. Idan yana samar da kwalta na roba Ko SMA da sauran gaurayawan kwalta da aka gyara ko kuma lokacin da aka samar da shi bayan ruwan sama, adadin da ake samu zai ragu zuwa wani matsayi. Wannan ya faru ne saboda an tsawaita lokacin haɗuwa, dutsen yana da ɗanɗano kuma zafin jiki yana tashi a hankali bayan ruwan sama.
Ana shirin kammala aikin hada kwalta na ton 300,000 a cikin shekara guda bayan kafa tashar. Dangane da dabarar lissafin da ke sama, fitowar sa'a tana 200t. Tsayayyen fitarwa na 4000-nau'in kwalta cakuda cakuda shuka ne 240t/h, wanda shi ne dan kadan fiye da 200t. Don haka, an zaɓi shukar naman kwalta mai nau'in 4000. Hada kayan aikin na iya saduwa da ayyukan gini, kuma nau'in na'ura mai nau'in kwalta na nau'in 4000 kuma shine babban tsarin da sassan gine-gine ke amfani da shi a manyan ayyuka kamar manyan tituna da manyan tituna.

Ma'aikata yana da ma'ana da inganci
A halin yanzu, adadin kuɗin da ake kashewa a cikin kamfanonin gine-gine yana ƙaruwa kowace shekara. Don haka, yadda za a rarraba albarkatun ɗan adam cikin hankali ba kawai yana nunawa a cikin damar kasuwanci na ma'aikatan da aka zaɓa ba, har ma a cikin adadin ma'aikatan da aka ware.
Kamfanin hada-hadar kwalta wani tsari ne mai sarkakiya wanda ya kunshi abubuwa da yawa, kuma tsarin samarwa yana bukatar daidaitawar mutane da yawa. Duk manajoji sun fahimci mahimmancin mutane. Idan ba tare da ma'aikata masu ma'ana ba, ba shi yiwuwa a cimma kyakkyawan fa'idar tattalin arziki.
Dangane da gogewa da bukatu, ma'aikatan da ake bukata don aikin hadakar kwalta su ne: Manajan tashar 1, masu aiki 2, ma'aikatan kulawa 2, ma'auni 1 da mai tattara kayan aiki, kayan aiki 1 da mai sarrafa abinci, kuma ma'aikaci 1 yana da alhakin kudi. lissafin, jimillar mutane 8. Ma'aikata da ma'aikatan kulawa dole ne a horar da su ta hanyar masana'antar hada-hadar shuka ko kwalta kuma su riƙe takaddun shaida kafin aiki.
Haɓaka inganci da ƙarfafa ingantaccen gudanarwa
Gudanarwa yana nunawa a cikin kula da ma'aikata, amma kuma a cikin gudanar da aiki da samarwa. Ya zama yarjejeniya a cikin masana'antar don neman fa'ida daga gudanarwa.
Karkashin hasashen cewa farashin cakudar kwalta ya tsaya tsayin daka, a matsayinsa na mai gudanar da hada-hadar hada-hadar kwalta, domin a samu fa’ida mai kyau na tattalin arziki, hanya daya tilo ita ce yin aiki tukuru kan ceton farashi. Ajiye farashi na iya farawa daga bangarorin masu zuwa.

Inganta yawan aiki
Ingancin jimlar kai tsaye yana shafar haɓakar masana'antar hadawar kwalta. Don haka, ya kamata a kula da ingancin inganci yayin siyan albarkatun ƙasa don gujewa yin tasiri ga abin da ake fitarwa saboda ambaliya da ambaliya. Wani abu kuma da ke yin tasiri ga aikin masana'antar hada kwalta shine babban mai ƙonewa. An ƙera ganga mai bushewa na masana'antar hada kwalta tare da yankin dumama na musamman. Idan siffar harshen wuta ba za ta iya daidaita yankin dumama ba, zai yi tasiri sosai ga aikin dumama, ta yadda zai shafi aikin shuka kwalta. Don haka, idan kun ga cewa siffar harshen wuta ba ta da kyau, ya kamata ku daidaita shi cikin lokaci.

Rage amfani da mai
Kudin man fetur yana da babban kaso na farashin aiki na masana'antar hada kwalta. Bugu da ƙari, ɗaukar matakan kariya na ruwa masu mahimmanci don tarawa, yana da mahimmanci don inganta ingantaccen aiki na tsarin konewa. Tsarin konewa na masana'antar hada kwalta ya ƙunshi babban mai ƙonewa, bushewar bushewa, mai tara ƙura da tsarin shigar da iska. Daidaitaccen daidaitawa tsakanin su yana taka muhimmiyar rawa a cikin cikakkiyar konewar mai. Ko tsayin harshen wuta da diamita na masu ƙonawa sun dace da yankin konewar bututun bushewa, kuma yawan zafin jiki na iskar gas yana tasiri kai tsaye ga amfani da mai na mai. Wasu bayanai sun nuna cewa a duk lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya zarce zafin da aka kayyade da 5°C, yawan man fetur yana ƙaruwa da kusan 1%. Don haka, jimlar zafin jiki yakamata ya isa kuma kada ya wuce ƙayyadaddun zazzabi.

Ƙarfafa kulawa da rage gyare-gyare da farashin kayan gyara
Yanayin aiki na masana'antar hada kwalta yana da tsauri kuma kulawa na yau da kullun yana da mahimmanci. Kamar yadda ake cewa, "Kashi bakwai ya dogara da inganci kuma kashi uku ya dogara da kulawa." Idan ba a yi gyaran ba, farashin gyaran gyare-gyare, musamman ma gyaran fuska, zai yi yawa sosai. Yayin binciken yau da kullun, ƙananan matsalolin da aka gano yakamata a magance su cikin gaggawa don hana ƙananan matsalolin rikiɗa zuwa manyan gazawa.

Kwalta Mixing Shuka Analysis
Ga masana'antar hada kwalta da ke bukatar zuba jari na dubun-dubatar Yuan, a farkon matakin zuba jari, ya kamata a fara la'akari da rabon zuba jari da samun kudin shiga, don hana hasarar da jarin makauniya ke haifarwa. Ana ƙididdige kuɗin aiki azaman farashin samarwa banda saka hannun jari na hardware. Mai zuwa shine nazarin farashin aiki na aikin. Sharuɗɗan da aka saita: Misalin shukar cakuda kwalta shine nau'in 4000; lokacin aiki shine sa'o'i 10 na ci gaba da aiki a kowace rana da kwanaki 25 a kowane wata; matsakaicin fitarwa shine 260t /h; jimillar samar da cakuda kwalta ya kai ton 300,000; lokacin gini shine watanni 5.

Kudaden Wuri
Akwai manyan bambance-bambance a yankuna daban-daban. Gabaɗaya, ana biyan kuɗin ne a kowace shekara, daga fiye da yuan 100,000 zuwa fiye da yuan 200,000. Farashin da aka ware wa kowane tan na cakuda kusan yuan 0.6 ne/t.

Kudin aiki
Kafaffen ma'aikata gabaɗaya suna karɓar albashin shekara-shekara. Dangane da yanayin kasuwa na yanzu, ana biyan albashin ma'aikata na shekara-shekara gabaɗaya: Manajan tashar 1, tare da albashin shekara-shekara na yuan 150,000; Ma'aikata 2, masu matsakaicin albashi na shekara-shekara na yuan 100,000, ga jimillar yuan 200,000; Ma'aikatan kulawa 2 Matsakaicin albashi na shekara-shekara ga kowane mutum Yuan 70,000, jimillar Yuan 140,000 ga mutane biyu, kuma albashin sauran ma'aikatan taimako ya kai yuan 60,000 a shekara, jimilar Yuan 180,000 ga mutane uku. Ana biyan albashin ma'aikata na wucin gadi a kowane wata. Dangane da albashin mutane 6 na yuan 4,000 na kowane wata, albashin ma'aikatan wucin gadi na watanni biyar ya kai Yuan 120,000. Ciki har da albashin sauran ma'aikata na yau da kullun, jimilar albashin ma'aikata ya kai yuan 800,000, kuma kudin aikin ya kai yuan 2.7 /t.

Farashin kwalta
Farashin kwalta yana da babban kaso na jimlar kuɗin cakudewar kwalta. A halin yanzu kusan yuan 2,000 akan kowace tan na kwalta, kwatankwacin yuan 2/kg. Idan kwalta abun ciki na cakuduwar ya kai 4.8%, farashin kwalta kowace ton na cakuduwar shine yuan 96.

Jimlar farashi
Ƙirar ta ƙunshi kusan 90% na jimlar nauyin cakuda. Matsakaicin farashin jimillar kusan yuan 80/t. Farashin jimlar a cikin cakuda shine yuan 72 akan kowace ton.

kudin foda
Foda yana lissafin kusan 6% na jimlar nauyin cakuda. Matsakaicin farashin foda shine kusan yuan 120 /t. Farashin foda a kowace tan na cakuda shine yuan 7.2.

kudin mai
Idan aka yi amfani da mai mai nauyi, ana zaton cewa cakuda yana cinye kilo 7 na mai mai nauyi a kowace ton kuma farashin mai ya kai yuan 4,200 akan kowace ton, farashin mai shine yuan 29.4 /t. Idan aka yi amfani da kwal da aka niƙa, farashin man ya kai yuan 14.4/t bisa ƙididdige yawan amfani da gawayi mai nauyin kilogiram 12 a kowace ton na cakudu da yuan 1,200 akan kowace tan na kwal da aka niƙa. Idan aka yi amfani da iskar gas, ana amfani da iskar gas 7m3 akan kowace ton na cakuduwar, sannan ana lissafin iskar gas akan yuan yuan 3.5 akan kowace mita cubic, kuma farashin man ya kai yuan 24.5 /t.

Lissafin wutar lantarki
Ainihin amfani da wutar lantarki a kowace awa na nau'in nau'in kwalta mai nau'in 4000 mai hadewar shuka yana kusan 550kW ·h. Idan aka ƙidaya ta bisa la'akari da yawan wutar lantarki da masana'antu ke amfani da shi na yuan 0.85 /kW·h, lissafin wutar lantarki ya kai yuan 539,000, ko yuan 1.8 /t.

farashin kaya
Ɗaya daga cikin masana'antar hada kwalta mai nau'in 4000 yana buƙatar masu ɗaukar kaya masu nau'in 50 guda biyu don loda kayan. An ƙididdige shi bisa la'akari da kuɗin hayar kowane wata na kowane mai kaya yuan 16,000 (ciki har da albashin ma'aikaci), yawan man da ake amfani da shi a ranar aiki da kuma farashin mai na yuan 300, kowane mai ɗaukar kaya a kowace shekara Yuan 125,000 farashin kaya biyu ya kai yuan 250,000. kuma farashin da aka ware wa kowane tan na cakuda shine yuan 0.85.

Kudin kulawa
Kudin kulawa ya haɗa da na'urori na lokaci-lokaci, man shafawa, kayan masarufi, da dai sauransu, waɗanda farashinsu ya kai kusan yuan 150,000. Farashin da aka ware wa kowane tan na cakuda shine yuan 0.5.

sauran kudin
Baya ga kudaden da ke sama, akwai kuma farashin gudanarwa (kamar kuɗaɗen ofis, kuɗin inshora, da sauransu), haraji, kuɗin kuɗi, kashe kuɗin tallace-tallace, da dai sauransu. Bisa ƙididdige ƙididdigewa na yanayin kasuwa na yanzu, ribar da ake samu a kowane fanni. ton na kayan gauraye galibi yana tsakanin yuan 30 zuwa 50, tare da manyan bambance-bambance a yankuna.
Tunda farashin kaya, farashin sufuri, da yanayin kasuwa sun bambanta daga wuri zuwa wuri, sakamakon binciken farashi zai ɗan bambanta. Mai biye shine misalin ginin masana'antar hada kwalta a wani yanki na bakin teku.

Kudaden zuba jari da gini
Saitin injin kwalta na Marini 4000 yana kashe kusan yuan miliyan 13, kuma mallakar filaye miliyan 4 m2 ne. Kudin hayar gidan na tsawon shekaru biyu ya kai yuan 500,000, kudin shigar da kayan aikin da kudin aikin ya kai yuan 200,000, sannan kudin hada-hadar sadarwa da na'ura mai canzawa ya kai yuan 500,000. Yuan 200,000 don aikin injiniya na yau da kullun, yuan 200,000 na silo da taurin yanar gizo, yuan 200,000 don bangon silo da wuraren adana ruwan sama, yuan 100,000 na gadoji 2, da yuan 150,000 don ofisoshi da dakunan kwanan dalibai (gidaje na farko). , ana buƙatar jimillar yuan miliyan 15.05.

Kudin aiki na kayan aiki
Abubuwan da ake fitarwa na shekara-shekara na ton 300,000 na cakuda kwalta shine ton 600,000 na cakuda kwalta a cikin shekaru 2, kuma lokacin samar da inganci shine watanni 6 a kowace shekara. Ana buƙatar lodi uku, kowanne yana da kuɗin hayar yuan 15,000 / wata, tare da jimlar kuɗin yuan 540,000; Ana ƙididdige kuɗin wutar lantarki akan yuan 3.5 / ton na cakuda kwalta, jimillar yuan miliyan 2.1; Kudin kula da kayan aikin ya kai yuan 200,000, kuma sabon An sami gazawar kayan aiki kadan, musamman maye gurbin man mai da wasu kayan sawa. Jimlar kudin aikin kayan aiki sun kai yuan miliyan 2.84.

Farashin kayan albarkatun kasa
Bari mu bincika amfani da sup13 da sup20 gaurayawan kwalta a kasuwar injiniya. Dutse: Limestone da basalt a halin yanzu suna cikin kasuwa mai ma'ana. Farashin farar ƙasa yuan 95 /t, kuma farashin basalt shine yuan 145 /t. Matsakaicin farashi shine yuan 120 /t, don haka farashin dutse ya kai yuan miliyan 64.8.

kwalta
An gyara kwalta yuan yuan 3,500 /t, kwalta ta yau da kullun ta kai yuan 2,000, sannan matsakaicin farashin kwaltatin biyu ya kai yuan 2,750 /t. Idan abun da ke cikin kwalta ya kai kashi 5%, kudin kwalta ya kai yuan miliyan 82.5.

mai nauyi
Farashin mai mai nauyi shine yuan 4,100 /t. An kirga bisa bukatar kona 6.5kg kan kowace tan na cakudar kwalta, kudin mai mai nauyi ya kai yuan miliyan 16.

man dizal
(Loader amfani da kwalta shuka ignition) farashin dizal yuan 7,600 / t, 1L dizal daidai yake da 0.86kg, kuma man da ake amfani da shi na tsawon awanni 10 ana lasafta shi a matsayin 120L, sannan loader yana cinye 92.88t na man fetur da kuma man fetur. farashin ya kai yuan 705,880. Ana ƙididdige yawan man da ake amfani da shi don kunna wutar lantarki ta hanyar amfani da man fetur na 60kg na kowace wuta. Farashin wutan wuta da man da ake amfani da shi na masana'antar hada kwalta ya kai yuan 140,000. Jimlar farashin diesel ya kai yuan 840,000.
A taƙaice dai, jimillar kuɗin da aka kashe na albarkatun ƙasa kamar dutse, kwalta, mai da dizal ya kai yuan miliyan 182.03.

Kudin aiki
Dangane da tsarin ma'aikata da aka ambata a baya, ana buƙatar jimillar mutane 11 don gudanarwa, aiki, gwaji, kayan aiki da aminci. Albashin da ake bukata shi ne yuan 800,000 a kowace shekara, jimlar Yuan miliyan 1.6 a cikin shekaru biyu.
A takaice dai, jimillar kudin da aka kashe kai tsaye wajen hada kwalta ta zuba jarin da ake kashewa a masana'antar, da farashin gine-gine, da farashin aiki, da farashin albarkatun kasa, da kudin kwadago ya kai yuan miliyan 183.63.