Lokacin zabar shukar cakuda kwalta, kada ku kalli farashin kawai, amma kuma kula da ingancin samfuran, bayan haka, ingancin yana shafar rayuwar sabis ɗin shukar kwalta. Dangane da matsaloli irin su gazawar kayan aiki, kamfaninmu ya haɗu shekaru da yawa na ƙwarewar aikin don nazarin abubuwan da ke haifar da gazawar a cikin masana'antar hadawar kwalta, waɗanda aka taƙaita kamar haka:

1. M fitarwa da ƙananan kayan aikin samar da kayan aiki
A lokacin ginawa da kuma samar da ayyuka da yawa, za a sami irin wannan al'amari: ikon samar da kwalta shuka ne tsanani kasa isa, da ainihin samar iya aiki ne nisa m fiye da rated samar iya aiki, yadda ya dace ne low, har ma da ci gaban da aikin jadawalin ya shafi. Kwararru a fannin kayan aiki na kamfaninmu sun bayyana cewa manyan dalilan da ke haddasa irin wannan gazawar a masana'antar hada kwalta su ne kamar haka.

(1) Rashin daidaituwa rabo
Kowa ya san cewa mahaɗin da ke tattare da simintin kwalta ɗin mu shine maƙasudin haɗaɗɗiyar maƙasudi da rabon haɗin samarwa. The manufa mix rabo ne don sarrafa rabo na yashi da tsakuwa sanyi kayan bayarwa, da kuma samar mix rabo ne hadawa rabo na daban-daban yashi da dutse kayan a cikin ƙãre kwalta kankare abu kayyade a cikin zane. The samar mix rabo ne m ta dakin gwaje-gwaje, wanda kayyade grading misali na ƙãre kwalta kankare. An saita maƙasudin haɗakar maƙasudin don ƙara tabbatar da ƙimar haɗin samarwa, kuma ana iya daidaita shi bisa ga ainihin halin da ake ciki yayin aikin samarwa. Lokacin da maƙasudin haɗakar maƙasudi ko haɓakar haɓakar samarwa ba daidai ba ne, albarkatun da aka adana a cikin kowane ma'auni na tashar hadawa ba za su yi daidai ba, kuma wasu abubuwan ambaliya, wasu kayan, da sauransu, ba za a iya auna su cikin lokaci ba, wanda ke haifar da yanayin rashin aiki. na tanki mai hadewa, kuma ingancin samarwa yana da ƙasa da ƙasa.

(2) Rashin gradation na yashi da na duwatsu
Yashi da tarin dutse da ake amfani da su wajen samar da gaurayawan kwalta suna da kewayon gradation. Idan kulawar ciyarwar ba ta da ƙarfi kuma gradation da gaske ya wuce iyakar, za a samar da adadi mai yawa na "sharar gida", wanda zai sa kwandon auna ya kasa yin awo daidai cikin lokaci. Ba wai kawai yana haifar da ƙarancin fitarwa ba, har ma yana haifar da ɓarna mai yawa na albarkatun ƙasa, wanda ke ƙara farashin ba dole ba.

(3) Danshin yashi da dutse ya yi yawa
Lokacin da muka sayi kayan haɗin kwalta, mun san cewa ƙarfin samarwa ya dace da ƙirar kayan aiki. Duk da haka, idan damshin da ke cikin yashi da tarin dutse ya yi yawa, ƙarfin bushewar kayan aikin zai ragu, kuma adadin yashi da tsakuwa waɗanda za a iya ba da su zuwa kwandon mitar don isa ga zafin da aka saita a cikin lokaci ɗaya. zai ragu daidai, ta yadda abin da ake fitarwa zai ragu.

(4) Darajar konewar man fetur ba ta da yawa
Man fetur da ake amfani da shi a masana'antar hada kwalta yana da wasu bukatu, gabaɗaya kona dizal, dizal mai nauyi ko mai. Wasu rukunin gine-ginen suna ƙoƙarin yin tanadin kuɗi yayin ginin, wani lokacin kuma suna ƙone gaɓar mai. Irin wannan man yana da ƙananan ƙimar konewa kuma yana haifar da ƙananan zafi, wanda ke tasiri sosai ga ƙarfin dumama na silinda mai bushewa kuma yana rage ƙarfin samarwa. Wannan hanyar da ake ganin ta rage tsadar gaske tana haifar da ɓarna mai girma!

(5) Saitin da bai dace ba na sigogin aiki na kayan haɗin kwalta
A m saitin na aiki sigogi na kwalta hadawa kayan aiki ne yafi nuna a: m saitin bushe hadawa da rigar hadawa lokaci, m daidaitawa na budewa da kuma rufe lokacin guga kofa. Gabaɗaya, kowane zagayowar samarwa mai motsawa shine 45s, wanda kawai ya kai ƙimar samar da kayan aiki. Ɗauki nau'in nau'in kwalta na LB2000 a matsayin misali, zagayowar hadawa shine 45s, abin da ake fitarwa a kowace awa shine Q=2×3600/45=160t/h, lokacin hadawa shine 50s, fitarwa a kowace awa shine Q = 2 × 3600 / 50 = 144t / h (Lura: Ƙarfin ƙididdiga na nau'in kayan haɗin nau'in 2000 shine 160t / h). Wannan yana buƙatar mu rage lokacin sake zagayowar haɗuwa gwargwadon iko a ƙarƙashin yanayin tabbatar da inganci yayin gini.

2. Zazzagewar zafin kwalta na kankare ba shi da kwanciyar hankali
A lokacin samar da kwalta kankare, yawan zafin jiki da bukatun suna da matukar tsanani. Idan yanayin zafi ya yi yawa, kwalta yana da sauƙi don "ƙona" (wanda aka fi sani da "manna"), kuma ba shi da wani amfani kuma za a iya zubar da shi kawai a matsayin sharar gida; idan yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa sosai, kwalta da tsakuwa za su manne ba daidai ba kuma su zama "Farin abu". Muna ɗauka cewa farashin kowace tan na kayan gabaɗaya kusan yuan 250 ne, to, asarar "manna" da "kayan launin toka" yana da ban mamaki sosai. A cikin wurin samar da kankare na kwalta, da yawan zubar da kayan sharar gida, ƙananan matakin gudanarwa da ƙarfin aiki na wurin zai kasance. Akwai manyan dalilai guda biyu na rashin kwanciyar hankali na ƙãre samfurin zazzabi:

(1) Kwalta dumama zazzabi kula ba daidai ba
Kamar yadda aka ambata a sama, idan zafin jiki ya yi yawa, zai zama "manna", kuma idan yanayin zafi ya yi ƙasa sosai, zai zama "kayan launin toka", wanda shine babban sharar gida.

(2) Kula da zafin jiki na dumama yashi bai dace ba
Daidaita girman harshen wuta na mai ƙonawa mara ma'ana, ko gazawar damper, canje-canje a cikin ruwa na yashi da tarin tsakuwa, da rashin kayan aiki a cikin kwandon sanyi, da sauransu, na iya haifar da lalacewa cikin sauƙi. Wannan yana buƙatar mu kiyaye a hankali, yin ma'auni akai-akai, samun babban ma'anar alhakin inganci da kisa mai ƙarfi yayin aikin samarwa.

3. Oil-dutse rabo ne m
Matsakaicin kwalta yana nufin rabon ingancin kwalta zuwa yashi da sauran abubuwan da ke cikin simintin kwalta, kuma shine mafi mahimmancin nuni don sarrafa ingancin simintin kwalta. Idan rabon kwalta-dutse ya yi girma sosai, “cake mai” zai bayyana a saman titi bayan shimfidawa da mirgina; idan rabon kwalta-dutse ya yi ƙanƙanta, kayan simintin za su bambanta, kuma jujjuyawar ba za ta yi ba, duk waɗannan haɗari ne masu inganci. Manyan dalilan su ne:

(1) Ƙasar / ƙura da ke cikin yashi da jimlar tsakuwa sun zarce ma'auni
Duk da cewa an cire ƙura, abin da ke cikin mashin ɗin ya yi girma sosai, kuma yawancin kwalta ana haɗa su da abin da aka fi sani da "Absorption Oil". Akwai ƙarancin kwalta da ke manne da saman tsakuwa, kuma yana da wahala a samu bayan mirgina.

(2) Rashin gazawar tsarin aunawa
Babban dalili shi ne cewa sifili na tsarin ma'aunin ma'aunin kwalta da ma'aunin ma'aunin foda na ma'adinai suna zubewa, yana haifar da kurakuran aunawa. Musamman ga ma'aunin kwalta, kuskuren 1kg zai yi tasiri sosai ga rabon kwalta. A cikin samarwa, dole ne a daidaita tsarin ma'auni akai-akai. A cikin ainihin samarwa, saboda yawancin ƙazanta a cikin foda na ma'adinai, ƙofar ma'adinan foda na ma'adinai ba a rufe sau da yawa sosai, kuma yayyo yana faruwa, wanda ke tasiri sosai ga ingancin kwalta.

4. Kura tana da girma, tana gurɓata yanayin gini

Yayin da ake yin gine-gine, wasu shuke-shuken suna cike da ƙura, wanda ke lalata muhalli sosai kuma yana shafar lafiyar ma'aikata. Manyan dalilan su ne:

(1) Adadin laka / kura a cikin yashi da jimlar tsakuwa ya yi girma da yawa, da gaske ya wuce ma'auni.

(2) Rashin tsarin kawar da kura

A halin yanzu, tsire-tsire masu haɗa kwalta gabaɗaya suna amfani da cire ƙura na jaka, wanda aka yi da kayan musamman tare da ƙananan ƙofofi, kyakyawan iska, da juriya mai zafi. Sakamakon cire ƙura yana da kyau, kuma yana iya saduwa da bukatun kare muhalli. Akwai hasara - tsada. Don adana kuɗi, wasu raka'a ba sa maye gurbin jakar ƙura a cikin lokaci bayan lalacewa. Jakar dai ta lalace sosai, man bai kone gaba daya ba, sannan ana sanya najasa a saman jakar, lamarin da ya haifar da toshewa tare da sa kura ta tashi a wurin da ake samar da ita.

5. Kula da injin kwalta ta kankare

Kulawa da injin kwalta ta kankare shuka gabaɗaya an raba shi zuwa kula da jikin tanki, kiyayewa da daidaita tsarin winch, daidaitawa da kiyaye madaidaicin bugun bugun jini, kula da igiya mai igiyar waya da ƙwanƙwasa, kiyayewa. hopper mai ɗagawa, kula da waƙa da tallafin waƙa, da sauransu jira.

A wurin ginin, injin ɗin da ake hadawa da kankare ne akai-akai kuma yana fuskantar gazawar kayan aiki. Dole ne mu ƙarfafa kayan aiki, wanda zai dace don tabbatar da gina ginin wuri mai aminci, inganta ƙimar kayan aiki, rage gazawar kayan aiki, tabbatar da ingancin siminti, da inganta kayan aiki. Ƙarfin samarwa, samun girbi sau biyu na fa'idodin zamantakewa da tattalin arziki.