A cikin ginin kwalta na kwalta, tsire-tsire masu gauraya kwalta suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Ayyuka da yanayin aiki na masana'antar hada kwalta kai tsaye suna shafar ingancin cakuda kwalta, wanda ke da alaƙa da ingancin aikin gaba ɗaya da ci gaban aikin. Don haka, fasahar sarrafa kwalta ta tsire-tsire na yanzu na ƙara haɓakawa, kuma abubuwan fasaha suna ƙaruwa kowace rana. Wannan yana buƙatar masu sarrafa injin don ci gaba da haɓaka ƙwarewar aiki na iya biyan buƙatun gini, tabbatar da aikin injin ɗin na yau da kullun, aiwatar da tasirin sa, da tabbatar da inganci da ci gaban aikin. Don haka ta yaya za mu tabbatar da aikin na'ura na yau da kullun kuma mu ba da cikakkiyar wasa ga tasirin sa?

Da farko dai ma’aikaci ya kamata ya kware wajen tsari da ka’idar aiki na kowane bangare na injin kwalta. A kan wannan, tsananin sarrafa duk cikakkun bayanai na samarwa, musamman ma tsarin ƙididdigewa, saboda ingancin aikin metering kai tsaye yana shafar ingancin kwalta.

Don tsarin ma'aunin dutse, ya kamata a lura cewa:
(1) Kiyaye kowace ƙofar fitarwa a buɗe kuma kusa da sassauƙa da sauri;
(2) Kowane tashar jiragen ruwa za a kiyaye shi ba tare da tsangwama ba kuma ba za a ba da izini ba don tabbatar da cewa dutsen zai iya gudana cikin sauri da kuma daidai lokacin aunawa;
(3) Kowace kofar fitarwa yakamata a rufe a cikin lokaci kuma a rufe da kyau, kuma kada a sami zubar da kayan abu lokacin da aka gama ma'aunin abu ɗaya;
(4) Wurin da ke kusa da ma'aunin ma'aunin jimlar ya kamata ya kasance mai tsabta kuma kada a sami wani abu na waje da zai hana guga ya makale.
a cikin yanayin dakatarwa gaba daya;
(5) Kowane jimlar firikwensin auna ya kamata ya kasance yana da daidaitaccen ɗaukar nauyi, daidaiton ƙarfi, da shigar da hankali.

Don tsarin ma'aunin foda, ya kamata a lura da waɗannan abubuwan:
(1) A kiyaye bututun da ke isar da foda ba tare da toshewa ba kuma ba ta da tushe;
(2) Mai ciyarwa ko bawul ya kamata a rufe shi sosai, kuma kada a sami zubar foda a ƙarshen ma'aunin;
(3) Sau da yawa ana cire ƙura da ɗigon ruwa a kan hopper na foda don kiyaye shi da tsabta;
(4) Ya kamata a rufe dukkan tsarin ma'auni da kyau don hana foda daga zama mai damp da haɓaka;
(5) Fitar da sikelin foda dole ne ya zama cikakke, babu sauran foda a cikin ma'aunin, dole ne a rufe ƙofar fitar da ƙarfi, kuma ba za a sami zubar foda ba yayin aunawa.

Don tsarin auna bitumen, kula da:
(1) Kafin fara samarwa, bututun ya kamata ya zama mai zafi sosai don tabbatar da cewa zafin kwalta a cikin tsarin ya kai ƙimar da aka ƙayyade;
(2) Bututun feshin kwalta dole ne ya kasance mai tsabta da santsi, kuma ba za a toshe ɓangaren bututun ƙarfe ba, in ba haka ba feshin zai zama mara daidaituwa kuma tasirin haɗuwa zai shafi;
(3) Dole ne a rufe famfunan feshin kwalta ko buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen ruwa sosai don tabbatar da cewa ba a sami ɗigo ba bayan an gama feshin kwalta;
(4) Aikin bitumen metering bawul ya kamata ya zama daidai kuma a kan lokaci, kuma hatimin ya kamata ya zama mai kyau, kuma dakatar da bitumen metering batir ya zama mai ƙarfi da sassauƙa.

Domin gaba dayan tsarin ma'auni na masana'antar hada kwalta, mai aiki ya kamata ya duba akai-akai. Bincika ko an dakatar da kowane ma'aunin ma'auni gaba ɗaya kuma ko akwai wani ci gaba, duba ko kowane firikwensin awo yana aiki akai-akai, kuma ko ƙaddamarwar tana da hankali. Duba akai-akai don sanya ƙimar da aka nuna ta yi daidai da ainihin ƙimar. Idan an sami wata matsala, ya kamata a warware ta cikin lokaci don tabbatar da cewa tsarin ma'auni yana cikin yanayi mai kyau.
kyakkyawan yanayin aiki.

Na biyu, ya kamata ma'aikaci ya tara ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun ƙwararrun injiniyoyi, ya sami damar hango yawancin gazawar injina, kuma ya magance tare da kawar da haɗarin ɓoye da wuri-wuri. Bayan kuskure ya faru, ya kamata ya iya yin hukunci daidai da kawar da shi cikin lokaci don tabbatar da amfani da na'ura na yau da kullun. Don cimma wannan, mai aiki dole ne ya yi abubuwan da suka biyo baya baya ga kula da injin akan lokaci bisa ka'idoji:
(1) Mai aiki ya kamata ya yi sintiri akai-akai, lura da kyau, kuma a hankali bincika sassan da ke motsawa akai-akai. Bincika ko haɗin gwiwa yana kwance, ko lubrication yana da kyau, ko motsi yana da sauƙi, ko akwai lalacewa mara kyau, da dai sauransu, kuma magance matsalolin cikin lokaci;
(2) Lokacin da tashar hadawa ke motsi, sai ku saurara da kunnuwanku, kuyi tunani da zuciyar ku, kuma ku nemo kowane sauti, idan akwai wani sauti mara kyau. Nemo dalilin kuma ku magance shi yadda ya kamata;
(3) Ki kasance mai kyau wajen bambance wari iri-iri. Idan zafin mai ya yi yawa, zazzabin fitar ya wuce iyaka, na'urorin kewayawa da lantarki sun yi gajeriyar kewayawa kuma sun kone, zafi mai zafi wanda ya haifar da rashin daidaituwa, na'urorin lantarki da na'urori suna da yawa kuma suna haifar da dumama, da dai sauransu. fitar da kamshi daban-daban, ta hanyar wari daban-daban, Fassara na ɓangaro kuma ana iya gani.

A takaice dai ma’aikacin ya kula da duba yanayin, ya yi amfani da hazaka daban-daban, sannan ya yi amfani da kayan aiki daban-daban don gano duk wani canjin da bai sabawa al’ada ba, ya yi nazari sosai, ya gano musabbabinsa, da gano hadurran da ke boye. Saboda hadadden tsarin injin kwalta, akwai nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan da suka hada da tsarin sarrafa wutar lantarki da iskar gas, tsarin samar da kwalta, tsarin konewa, na'urorin aunawa, tsarin cire kura, da sauransu. Yana da matukar wahala ma'aikaci ya kware duka. sassa a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, yin hukunci daidai kuma kawar da duk laifuffuka. Don haka, idan kuna son zama ƙwararren mai aiki, dole ne ku kiyaye a hankali, kuyi tunani sosai, taƙaita a hankali, kuma ci gaba da tara gogewa.

Baya ga kasancewar ƙwararrun kayan aiki, masu aiki kuma yakamata su kasance da ma'ana ta sarrafa ingancin samfur. Wato sanin yanayin zafin, kwalta-dutse rabo, gradation, da dai sauransu na cakuda kwalta, da kuma iya da basira yin hukunci hukunci a kan cakuda, da kuma nazari da kuma warware matsaloli a cikin cakude a kan dace hanya.

(1) Matsakaicin yanayin cakuduwar: Zazzaɓin cakuduwar yana ɗaya daga cikin ma'auni don ƙimar cancantar cakuda. Idan zafin jiki ya yi yawa ko ƙasa da ƙasa, sharar gida ce kuma ba za a iya amfani da ita ba. Saboda haka, yadda za a sarrafa zafin jiki yana ɗaya daga cikin basirar da ma'aikaci ya kamata ya samu. Abubuwan da ke shafar yanayin zafi na cakuda shine ingancin man fetur. Idan ingancin man fetur ba shi da kyau, ƙimar calorific yana da ƙasa, kuma konewa bai isa ba, zai haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali na dutse, ƙananan zafin jiki, da ragowar bayan konewa zai kasance a cikin cakuda, yana tasiri sosai ga ingancin cakuda. . Idan dankon man fetur ya yi yawa, abin da ke cikin najasa yana da yawa, kuma abin da ke cikin ruwa yana da yawa. Zai haifar da wahala wajen kunna wuta, toshewar bututu, da wahalar sarrafa zafin jiki; abun ciki na danshi wani abu ne da ke shafar zafin jiki. Abubuwan da ke cikin ruwa na albarkatun ƙasa yana da girma kuma ba daidai ba. A lokacin aikin samarwa, zafi mai zafi na dutse yana da wuyar sarrafawa. Bugu da ƙari, yanayin fasaha na tsarin konewa, matsa lamba na famfo mai samar da man fetur, da adadin man fetur duk suna da alaka da zafin jiki na cakuda. The lalacewa, iska yayyo, blockage da sauran kasawa na konewa tsarin sa sassa kasa kula da asali yi, haifar da low tsarin matsa lamba, m samar da man fetur, matalauta atomization konewa sakamako, da kuma tsanani shafi motsa jiki zafin jiki. Saboda haka, ƙwararrun masu aiki ya kamata su iya yin hukunci daidai da ingancin man fetur, matsayi na bushewa da zafi na albarkatun kasa, da yanayin aiki na tsarin konewa. Nemo matsaloli kuma ɗauki matakan da suka dace cikin lokaci. Kodayake kayan aikin motsa jiki na yanzu suna da ikon sarrafa zafin jiki ta atomatik, tun da yake yana ɗaukar tsari daga gano yanayin zafin jiki zuwa ƙari da ragi na harshen wuta don daidaita yanayin zafi, sarrafa zafin jiki yana da hysteresis. Don tabbatar da cewa zafin jiki mai motsawa na tashar hadawa bai haifar da sharar gida ba, mai aiki ya kamata ya lura da yanayin canjin yanayin zafi da sakamakon canjin zafin jiki, kuma da hannu ya ƙara ko rage harshen wuta ko ƙara ko rage adadin abinci don sarrafa zafin jiki. canji, ta yadda sakamakon canjin bai wuce ƙayyadaddun kewayon ba, ta haka ragewa ko kawar da sharar gida.

(2) Gudanar da gradation na cakuda: Ƙimar gradation na cakuda kai tsaye yana rinjayar aikin shimfidar wuri. Idan gradation na cakuda ba shi da ma'ana, shingen zai sami wasu cututtuka irin su babba ko ƙananan porosity, rashin ruwa, rutting, da dai sauransu, rage rayuwar sabis na pavement yana tasiri sosai ga ingancin aikin. Don haka, sarrafa gradation na cakuda shima ɗaya ne daga cikin ƙwarewar da dole ne mai aiki ya mallaka. Abubuwan da ke shafar gradation na cakuda sun haɗa da: canje-canje a cikin girman ɗanyen kayan, canje-canje a allon tashar hadawa, da kewayon kurakuran auna. Girman barbashi na albarkatun kasa kai tsaye yana rinjayar gradation na cakuda. Lokacin da aka sami ɗanyen kayan sun canza, ya kamata ma'aikacin ya ba da haɗin kai tare da dakin gwaje-gwaje don daidaita ma'aunin haɓakar samarwa. Canjin allon kayan zafi mai zafi a cikin tashar hadawa shine muhimmiyar mahimmancin da ke tasiri ga gradation na cakuda. Idan an katange allon kuma ba a duba kayan zafi sosai ba, gradation zai fi kyau. Idan allon ya karye, ya lalace, yayyo, kuma lalacewa ya wuce iyaka, zai sa gradation na cakuda ya yi ƙarfi; Kuskuren auna na tashar hadawa shima zai shafi gradation kai tsaye. Idan an daidaita kewayon kuskuren ma'auni da yawa, ɓarna tsakanin rabon haɓakar samarwa da maƙasudin mahaɗar manufa zai zama babba, wanda zai shafi ingancin cakuda sosai. Idan an daidaita kewayon kuskuren ma'aunin ƙanƙanta, za a ƙara lokacin ma'aunin kuma za a shafa abin da aka fitar, kuma ma'aunin zai yawaita wuce iyaka, wanda zai shafi aikin yau da kullun na tashar hadawa. A takaice dai, mai aiki ya kamata ya mai da hankali sosai ga sauye-sauye na kayan aiki, duba allon akai-akai, gano matsaloli da magance su a cikin lokaci, da daidaita ma'aunin ma'auni zuwa mafi kyawun yanayi bisa ga halaye na tashar hadawa da sauran dalilai. Yi la'akari da wasu abubuwan da suka shafi gradation a hankali, don tabbatar da haɗin haɗin haɗin haɗin.

(3) Sarrafa ma'aunin kwalta-dutse na cakuduwar: Ma'aunin kwalta-dutse na cakuda kwalta an ƙaddara ta hanyar gradation na ma'adinan ma'adinai da abun ciki na foda. Yana da mahimmancin garanti don ƙarfin farfajiyar hanya da aikinta. Ƙananan zai haifar da cututtuka daban-daban a kan hanya.

Saboda haka, tsananin sarrafa adadin kwalta wani muhimmin sashi ne na sarrafa samar da kayayyaki. Masu aiki ya kamata su kula da waɗannan abubuwa yayin samarwa da abubuwa da yawa:

Yayin aikin, yi ƙoƙarin rage kuskuren kewayon ma'aunin kwalta don yin ma'aunin kwalta daidai gwargwadon yiwuwar; adadin ƙarin foda kuma yana tasiri
Sabili da haka, ma'aunin foda ya kamata kuma a kula da shi a hankali; bisa ga ƙurar ƙura na tara mai kyau, buɗewar daftarin da aka jawo ya kamata a daidaita shi da kyau don ƙurar abun ciki a cikin cakuda ya kasance a cikin kewayon ƙira.

A cikin gine-gine na zamani, ya zama dole a sami kayan aiki na ci gaba don tabbatar da ingancin aikin, kuma a lokaci guda dole ne a sami ingantattun dabarun aiki don sa kayan aiki su yi amfani da su sosai. Kayan aiki na ci gaba, matakin aiki na ci gaba, gudanarwa na ci gaba, samfurori na musamman, da kyakkyawan inganci. Domin tabbatar da an kammala aikin akan lokaci, tare da inganci da santsi.