No ke komo pono a me ka wikiwiki i ka wā o ka noi ʻana, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia nā emulsion bitumen. Hoʻohana nui ʻia no nā noi like ʻole i nā ʻoihana kūkulu. Hana ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻili e hōʻoia i ka mālama ʻia ʻana o ka papa waho o ke ala a i ʻole ke kahua paʻa mai ka wai a i ʻole ke komo ʻana o ka wai. Kūleʻa ia i ka skid a mālama i nā alaloa. Hoʻopili ʻia ka hana e nā kumu aggregate, emulsion kūlike, a me ka mahana.

Pehea i hana ʻia ai ka Bitumen Emulsion?
Hoʻokumu ʻia ka emulsion bitumen i ʻelua mau ʻanuʻu maʻalahi. Hoʻohui mua ʻia ka wai me kahi mea emulsifying a me nā mea kemika ʻē aʻe. A laila, hoʻohana ʻia kahi wili colloidal e hoʻohui i ka wai, emulsifier, a me ka bitumen. Ma muli o ka hoʻohana hope ʻana o ka emulsion bitumen, hoʻohui ʻia ka nui o ka bitumen i ka hui ʻana. Ke hana ʻia ka emulsifier ma ke ʻano he huahana kī, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma waena o 60-70%.

ʻO ka nui maʻamau o ka bitumen i hoʻohui ʻia i ka hui ʻana ma waena o 40% a me 70%. Hoʻokaʻawale ka mill colloidal i ka bitumen i nā ʻāpana microscopic. ʻO ka nui o ka droplet ma kahi o 2 microns. Akā, hoʻāʻo nā kulu e noho a hui pū kekahi me kekahi. ʻO ka emulsifier, pēlā i hoʻohui ʻia, e hoʻopuka i kahi uhi o ka uku o ka ʻili a puni kēlā me kēia kulu bitumen, ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, e kōkua i ka mālama ʻana i nā kulu mai kekahi i kekahi. Hoʻohana ʻia ka huila i loaʻa mai ka wili colloidal a hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā kuhikuhi a mālama ʻia i loko o nā pahu mālama.

Nā ʻano o ka bitumen:
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka emulsion bitumen i ʻelua ʻano:
Ma muli o ka hoʻonohonoho manawa
Ma muli o ka uku ili

Ma muli o ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana i ka manawa
Inā hoʻohui ʻia nā emulsions o ka bitumen i nā aggregates, e hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai, a wehe ʻia ka solvent. A laila kahe ka bitumen ma luna o ke kumu aggregate, lawelawe ma ke ʻano he mea paʻa a hoʻoikaika mālie iā ia iho. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia kēia kaʻina hana i ʻekolu mau pūʻulu, ma muli o ka wikiwiki o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka wai a me nā ʻāpana bitumen e hoʻopuehu mai ka wai:
Emulsion hoʻonohonoho wikiwiki (RS)
Emulsion hoʻonohonoho waena (MS)
Emulsion hoʻonohonoho lohi (SS)

ʻO ka bitumen ka mea e haki maʻalahi e like me ka emulsion he ʻano hoʻonohonoho wikiwiki o ka emulsion. Hoʻonohonoho maʻalahi kēia ʻano emulsion a hoʻōla. Ke kau ʻia ma luna o nā aggregates, ʻaʻole nahā nā emulsions o ka hoʻonohonoho waena. Eia naʻe, ke hui pū ʻia nā ʻāpana koʻikoʻi o ka mineral me ka hui ʻana o ka emulsifier, hoʻomaka ka hana wāwahi. Hoʻokumu ʻia nā emulsions lohi me ke kōkua o kahi ʻano emulsifier kūikawā e hoʻolohi i ke kaʻina hana. Paʻa loa kēia mau ʻano emulsion.

Hoʻokumu ʻia ma luna o Surface Charge
Hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻia nā emulsions bitumen i ʻekolu mau pūʻulu e pili ana i ke ʻano o ka uku ʻili.
Anionic Bitumen Emulsion
Cationic Bitumen Emulsion
Emulsion Bitumen Non-Ionic

ʻO nā ʻāpana bitumen ka mea electro-negatively i hoʻoili ʻia i ka hihia o ka anionic bitumen emulsion, akā i ka hihia o nā emulsions cationic, nā mea bituminous he electro-positive. I kēia lā, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia kahi emulsion cationic o ka bitumen. Ma muli o ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka mineral o ka aggregate i hoʻohana ʻia no ke kūkulu ʻana, he mea nui e koho i kahi emulsion o ka bitumen. ʻO ka hoʻohui ʻana o nā aggregates e lilo i electro-negatively charged i nā hihia o ka silica-rich aggregates. No laila, pono e hoʻohui ʻia kahi emulsion cationic. Kōkua kēia i ka hoʻolaha ʻana i ka bitumen a hoʻohui pū me nā aggregates i ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi. No nā haʻina wai, ʻaʻole e huki nā surfactants non-ionic i nā ion. Hoʻokumu ʻia ka solubility ma luna o ke ola ʻana o nā molekole polar. ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā surfactants nonionic ma ke ʻano he emulsifier, ʻaʻole naʻe i ke kaʻina wai wale nō, akā i ka pae bitumen, e like me ka mea i hōʻike ʻia ma luna nei, he mea hoihoi nui ia no ka mea ua kūlike lākou me nā surfactants ion a pau.

ʻAʻole lawa ka emulsion o kēlā me kēia ʻano no kēlā me kēia hana; pili ia i ka ʻakika a i ʻole ke ʻano kumu o ka hui. Ma muli o ka ea wela, ka makani makani a me ka nui emulsion, ʻokoʻa paha ka manawa hoʻonohonoho. He liʻiliʻi ka hiki ke mālama. ʻO ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana ma luna nei he alakaʻi e koho i ka hoʻokūkū kūpono no kāu mau koi.