ʻO ka bitumen: ʻomi ʻia ka ʻaila e ka ʻāʻī o ka honua no ka manawa lōʻihi ma ke ʻano a pili i ka ea a me ka maʻa. E hoʻoheheʻe ʻia kona ʻaila māmā, a ʻo ka bitumen ʻaila i hana ʻia e ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana a me ka oxidation e hui pinepine ʻia me kekahi hapa o nā minela. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka bitumen maoli i loko o ka bitumen loko, bitumen pōhaku, bitumen submarine, shale aila, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e like me ke kaiapuni i hana ʻia ai.
ʻO ka bitumen pōhaku he mea like ia me ka bitumen i loaʻa mai ka ʻaila kahiko e komo ana i loko o nā māwae o nā pōhaku, a ma hope o nā haneli miliona mau makahiki o ka waiho ʻana, hoʻololi, adsorption, a me ka hui ʻana, ma lalo o nā hopena i hui ʻia o ka ikehu wela, kaomi, oxidation, catalysts, bacteria, etc.

Hoʻohana ʻia ka bitumen rock bitumen i hoʻololi ʻia i ka bitumen pōhaku ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻololi a hoʻohui ʻia me ka bitumen matrix e like me kahi ratio hui ʻana. Hana ʻia ka bitumen i hoʻololi ʻia ma o nā kaʻina hana e like me ka hui ʻana, ka ʻāʻili ʻana, a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia ʻo NMB.
ʻO ka hui ʻana o ka bitumen i hoʻololi ʻia he pōhaku i hoʻohui ʻia e kahi kaʻina "mākū" ma muli o ka "bitumen modified bitumen" a i ʻole ka hui ʻana i hana ʻia e kahi kaʻina "maloʻo" e pili ana i ka "hoʻololi bitumen pōhaku".
ʻO ke kaʻina hana "Dry Method" ʻo ia hoʻi, ma hope o ka ninini ʻana i nā mea mineral i loko o ka ipu hao, hoʻohui ʻia ka bitumen modifier i ka ipu hao a hui pū ʻia me nā mea minerala maloʻo no kekahi manawa, a laila hoʻohu ʻia i loko. ʻo ka bitumen matrix no ke kaʻina hui ʻana i ka hui ʻana i ka Bitumen pulu.
ʻO ke kaʻina hana "Wet Method" ʻo ia hoʻi, ʻo ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka bitumen pōhaku a me ka bitumen kumu i kekahi mahana e hui mua ʻia, ʻako ʻia, a hoʻomohala ʻia i loko o ka bitumen pōhaku i hoʻololi ʻia, a laila e pīpī ʻia i loko o ka ipu hao e hui pū me. ka oka. Kaʻina hui ʻana o ka bitumen.