[1]. ʻO ka bitumen i hoʻololi ʻia ʻo EVA He kūpono maikaʻi ʻo EVA me ka bitumen a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia a hoʻopuehu ʻia i loko o ka bitumen wela me ka ʻole o ka wili colloid a i ʻole ka hana mechanical shear kiʻekiʻe, e maʻalahi ka hoʻohana.
I kēia mau makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā papahana pavement bitumen ma ʻApelika, no laila e hoʻomanaʻo ʻia nā hoa kūloko e hoʻolohe.
[2]. ʻO ka viscosity kiʻekiʻe, ka elasticity kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī kiʻekiʻe i hoʻololi ʻia i ka bitumen. ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka bitumen viscosity a me ka paʻakikī no ka bitumen i hoʻololi ʻia e SBR, akā ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka bitumen viscoelastic kiʻekiʻe i hoʻololi ʻia, hana pinepine ʻia ka demoulding, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻāʻo. No kēia mea, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i ka mīkini hoʻāʻo mea honua e hana i ka viscosity a me ka paʻakikī o ka bitumen viscoelastic modified kiʻekiʻe, hoʻopaʻa i ka pihi koʻikoʻi-strain, a hoʻohana i ke ʻano hoʻohui e helu maʻalahi i nā hopena hōʻike. 3. ʻO ka bitumen i hoʻololi ʻia me ka piko kalapona a me ka hoʻokumu ʻana i nā pahuhopu palekana kalapona, pono ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻana. Ke kū nei ka ʻoihana kaʻa i ka pilikia o ka "hana nui a me ka ʻōpala nui" mai kāna hana ʻana a me ka hana ʻana. Pono nā kaila i ka hoʻohana pololei a ʻole ʻole paha i nā kumuwaiwai kūlohelohe a me ka ikehu mai ka hana ʻana a hiki i ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana, e hoʻoulu ai i ka nui o ke kalapona kalapona.
ʻO ka mea nui o nā kaila he kalapona, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kaila i hoʻolei ʻia ma mua o 80% carbon content. Hiki ke hoʻihoʻi hou i ka nui o nā mea a me ka ikehu, hoʻoponopono i ke kalapona i nā huahana, a hoʻokō i ke kumu o ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hoʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻokuʻu. ʻO nā kaila ʻōpala he mau mea polimer elastic i paʻakikī loa e hoʻohaʻahaʻa. Loaʻa iā lākou ka elasticity kiʻekiʻe a me ka paʻakikī a ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe hoʻololi kino a i ʻole kemika i loaʻa i ka pae wela o -50C a 150C. No laila, inā ʻae ʻia lākou e hoʻohaʻahaʻa maoli i loko o ka lepo, e hoʻopili ʻole lākou i ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu, hiki i ke kaʻina hana ma kahi o 500 mau makahiki. ʻO ka nui o nā huila ʻōpala e hōʻiliʻili wale ʻia a noho i kahi ʻāina nui, e pale ana i ka hoʻohana pono ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai ʻāina. Eia kekahi, ʻo ka hōʻiliʻili ʻana o ka wai lōʻihi i loko o nā kaila e hoʻohua ai i nā makika a hoʻolaha i nā maʻi, e hoʻopilikia i ke olakino o nā kānaka.
Ma hope o ka ʻoki ʻana i nā pilahi ʻōpala i loko o ka pauka lāʻau, hana ʻia ka bitumen i hoʻololi ʻia (ma hope aku i kapa ʻia ʻo rubber bitumen) no ka paʻi alanui, ʻike i ka hoʻohana piha ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai, hoʻomaikaʻi maikaʻi loa i ka hana alanui, hoʻolōʻihi i ke ola o ke alanui, a hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai alanui. . Hoʻokomo kālā.
[3]. No ke aha ʻo ia ka "bitumen hoʻololi ʻia i ka hui kiʻekiʻe?
Haʻahaʻa wela māwae pale
ʻO ka pāpaʻa i loko o ka pauka kaʻa kaʻa kaʻa he ākea ākea elastic e hana ana, no laila hiki i ka hui ʻana i ka bitumen ke hoʻomau i kahi kūlana hana elastic i nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, hoʻopaneʻe i ka hiki ʻana mai o nā haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, a hoʻopaʻa i ka pauka lāʻau wela kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka bitumen, kahi e hoʻonui nui ai i ka viscosity o ka bitumen, kahi e hoʻonui ai i ka wahi palupalu a hoʻomaikaʻi nui i ka paʻa kiʻekiʻe o ka bitumen a me nā hui. ʻO ka hui anti-skid a me ka noise-reduce fracture-graded bitumen mixture he nui ka hohonu hohonu a me ka hana anti-skid maikaʻi ma luna o ke alanui.
Hiki i ka Rubber bitumen ke hoʻemi i ka leo hoʻokele ma 3 a 8 decibels a maikaʻi ke kūpaʻa. Loaʻa i nā mea antioxidants, nā mea hoʻopaʻa wela, nā mea pale māmā a me nā kalapona ʻeleʻele. Hiki i ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka bitumen ke hoʻopaneʻe loa i ka ʻelemakule o ka bitumen a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maikaʻi o ka hui ʻana. ʻO ka lōʻihi a me nā pōmaikaʻi pilikanaka o 10,000 tons o ka bitumen rubber e pono ai ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka liʻiliʻi o 50,000 mau kaila ʻōpala, e mālama ana i 2,000 a 5,000 tons bitumen. He kiʻekiʻe ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana i nā kumu waiwai, ʻike ʻia ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hopena o ka mālama ʻana i ke kaiapuni, haʻahaʻa ke kumu kūʻai, maikaʻi ka hōʻoluʻolu, a ʻokoʻa ka pavement elastomer mai nā paepae ʻē aʻe. Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kūpaʻa a me ka hōʻoluʻolu, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi.
Hiki i ka ʻeleʻele kalapona ke mālama i ke kala ʻeleʻele o ka ʻili o ke alanui no ka manawa lōʻihi, me ka ʻokoʻa kiʻekiʻe me nā kaha a me ka induction ʻike maikaʻi. 5. Ua hoʻololi ʻia ka ʻaila bitumen i hoʻololi ʻia i ka pōhaku bitumen i nā haneli miliona mau makahiki o ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka sedimentation i loko o nā lua pōhaku. Hoʻololi ia i ka wela, ke kaomi, ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana, a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana. Nā mea like me ka bitumen i hana ʻia ma lalo o ka hana hui ʻana o ka media a me ka bacteria. He ʻano bitumen maoli. ʻO nā bitumen kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe he loko bitumen, submarine bitumen, etc.
ʻO ka haku melemele: ʻO ke kaumaha o nā aspaltene i loko o ka bitumen pōhaku mai kekahi mau tausani a i ʻumi tausani. He 81.7% carbon, 7.5% hydrogen, 2.3% oxygen, 1.95% nitrogen, 4.4% sulfur, 1.1% aluminika, a me 0.18% silika ka haku mele ʻana o nā asphatenes. a me nā metala ʻē aʻe 0.87%. Ma waena o lākou, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻike o ka carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, a me ka sulfur. Aia ma kahi kokoke i kēlā me kēia macromolecule o ka asphaltene nā pūʻulu hana polar o nā mea i luna aʻe, kahi e hana ai i ka ikaika adsorption ikaika loa ma ka ʻili o ka pōhaku. Generation and origin: Hana ʻia ka bitumen pōhaku ma nā māwae pōhaku. ʻO ka laulā o nā māwae he haiki loa, he ʻumi kenimika wale nō a hiki i kekahi mau mika, a hiki i ka hohonu ke piʻi aku i nā haneli mau mika.
1. Buton rock bitumen (BRA): hana ʻia ma ka Mokupuni ʻo Buton (BUTON), Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, South Pacific
2. ʻAmelika ʻĀkau pōhaku bitumen: UINTAITE (US trade name Gilsonite) ʻAmelika ʻĀkau paakiki bitumen aia ma ka Uintah Basin ma ka ʻaoʻao hikina o Iudea, ʻĀkau ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.
3. ʻO ka bitumen pōhaku Iranian: Loaʻa iā Qingdao kahi waihona waiwai lōʻihi.
[4]. ʻO Sichuan Qingchuan Rock Bitumen: Loaʻa ma Qingchuan County, Sichuan Province i ka makahiki 2003, ua hōʻoia ʻia nā mālama mālama ʻoi aku ma mua o 1.4 miliona mau tons a me nā mea hoʻopaʻa ʻia ʻoi aku ma mua o 30 miliona mau tons. No Shandong Expressway.5. ʻO ka lua bitumen pōhaku i ʻike ʻia e ka 137th Regiment o ka 7th Agricultural Division o ka Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps ma Urho, Karamay, Xinjiang i ka makahiki 2001 ʻo ia ka mua o ka lua bitumen maoli i ʻike ʻia ma Kina. Hoʻohana a me ke ʻano:
1. Hoʻokomo pololei ʻia i loko o ka pahu huila o ke kahua hui ʻana i ka bitumen.
2. High modulus agent method, e wili mua i ka pauka, a laila e hoʻohui i ka bitumen matrix ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻololi.
3. Huipuia pauda Rubber
4. E hoʻokaʻawale i ke one aila a hoʻohui i ka ʻike asphaltene. 5. E hoʻohui me ke kahua hui e hoʻohui i nā manaʻo noiʻi hou ma ka pūnaewele:
1. Hoʻohana ʻia no ka papa kumu maʻalahi;
2. Hoʻohana ʻia no ka paʻi pololei ʻana i nā alanui kuaʻāina;
3. E hui me ka mea hana hou (RAP) no ka hooulu hou ana i ka wela;
4. E hoʻohana i ka bitumen activator e hoʻohui i ka bitumen wai a hui ʻia ke anuanu no ka ʻili.
5. High modulus asphalt
6. E hoʻolei i ke kaʻa asphalt