ʻO ka Asphalt kahi huila ʻeleʻele-ʻeleʻele i haku ʻia me nā hydrocarbons o nā kaumaha molekala like ʻole a me kā lākou mau mea hoʻoheheʻe ʻole metala. ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka wai organik viscosity kiʻekiʻe. He wai ia, he ʻeleʻele ka ʻili, a hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka carbon disulfide. Ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka asphalt: ʻO nā mea nui e hoʻohana ʻia e like me nā lako hana, nā mea maka a me nā wahie. ʻO kāna mau wahi noi e pili ana i ka halihali (nā alanui, nā kaʻaahi, nā mokulele, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe), ke kūkulu ʻana, ka mahiʻai, nā papahana mālama wai, ʻoihana (ʻoihana ʻohi, hana hana), hoʻohana kīwila, etc.

Nā ʻano asphalt:
1. Koal tar pitch, coal tar pitch is a by-product of coking, 'o ia ho'i, ka mea 'ele'ele i koe i loko o ka ipu distillation ma hope o ka distillation tar. He ʻokoʻa wale nō ia me ka pā i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia i nā waiwai kino, a ʻaʻohe palena maopopo. ʻO ke ʻano hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau, ʻo ia ke kuhikuhi ʻana ʻo ka poʻe me kahi wahi palupalu ma lalo o 26.7°C (cubic method) he kā, a ʻo nā mea ma luna o 26.7°C he asphalt. Loaʻa ka nui o ka anthracene refractory, phenanthrene, pyrene, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. He mea ʻawaʻawa kēia mau mea, a ma muli o nā ʻokoʻa o kēia mau mea, ʻokoʻa nā waiwai o ka pitch tar pitch. He hopena nui ka hoʻololi ʻana i ka mahana i ka pitch tar lanahu. Hiki i ka brittleness i ka hoʻoilo a me ka palupalu i ke kauwela. He ala kūikawā kona i ka wā i wela ai; ma hope o 5 mau hola o ka hoʻomehana ʻana i 260 ° C, e volatilize ka anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i loko.

2. ʻAla ʻaila hinu. ʻO ka Petroleum asphalt ke koena ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka ʻaila ʻaila. Ma muli o ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe, lilo ia i wai, semi-solid a paʻa paha i ka lumi wela. ʻEleʻele a ʻālohilohi ka Petroleum asphalt a loaʻa ka ʻike wela kiʻekiʻe. Ma muli o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻana i ka wela ma luna o 400 ° C i ka wā o ka hana ʻana, he liʻiliʻi loa ia i loko o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe, akā aia nō paha nā hydrocarbons molekala kiʻekiʻe ʻaʻole i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kēia mau mea i ke olakino kanaka.

3. Asphalt maoli. Mālama ʻia ka asphalt kūlohelohe ma lalo o ka lepo, a ʻo kekahi ʻano waiho ʻana i nā minerala a hōʻiliʻili paha ma luna o ka ʻili o ka honua. ʻO ka hapa nui o kēia asphalt ua loaʻa i ka hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe a me ka oxidation, a maʻamau ʻaʻole i loaʻa nā toxins. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea asphalt i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: ka asphalt lepo a me ka asphalt tar. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka asphalt honua i ka asphalt maoli a me ka asphalt petroleum. ʻO ka asphalt kūlohelohe ke koena ma hope o ka hoʻolaha lōʻihi a me ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka ʻaila e kahe ana mai ka lepo; ʻO ka petroleum asphalt ka huahana i loaʻa ma ka mālama ʻana i ke koena o ka aila i koe mai ka aila hoʻomaʻemaʻe a hoʻomaʻamaʻa ʻia ma o nā kaʻina kūpono. . ʻO ka pitch pitch kahi huahana i hoʻoponopono hou ʻia o ka pā i loaʻa mai ka carbonization o ka lanahu, ka lāʻau a me nā mea ola ʻē aʻe.

ʻO ka hapa nui o ka asphalt i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻenekinia ʻo ka petroleum asphalt, ʻo ia ka hui ʻana o nā hydrocarbons paʻakikī a me kā lākou mau mea ʻole metala. ʻO ka mea maʻamau ka helu uila o ka asphalt ma waena o 240 ℃ ~ 330 ℃, a ʻo ka helu ignition ma kahi o 3 ℃ ~ 6 ℃ kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ke kiko uila, no laila e hoʻomalu ʻia ka mahana hana ma lalo o ke kiko uila.