The guzobe, mmetụta na ngwọta nke okpomọkụ nyefe mmanụ coking na asphalt agwakọta osisi
[1]. Okwu mmalite
N'iji ya tụnyere usoro ikpo ọkụ ọdịnala dị ka ikpo ọkụ kpọmkwem na ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ, ọkụ na-ebufe mmanụ ọkụ nwere uru nke ịzọpụta ike, ikpo ọkụ otu, nhazi okpomọkụ dị elu, nrụgide ọrụ dị ala, nchekwa na ịdị mma. Ya mere, ebe ọ bụ na 1980s, nyocha na ntinye nke mmanụ na-ekpo ọkụ na mba m etolitela ngwa ngwa, a na-ejikwa ya n'ọtụtụ ebe na usoro ikpo ọkụ dị iche iche na ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ, nhazi mmanụ ala, ụlọ ọrụ petrochemical, eriri kemịkal, textile, ụlọ ọrụ ọkụ, ihe ụlọ. , metallurgy, ọka, mmanụ na nhazi nri na ụlọ ọrụ ndị ọzọ.
Isiokwu a na-ekwukarị banyere nhazi, ihe egwu, ihe ndị na-emetụta na ngwọta nke coking nke mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ n'oge eji.
[2]. Nhazi nke coking
Enwere mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ atọ na usoro mbufe ọkụ nke mmanụ ọkụ: mmeghachi omume oxidation thermal, mgbawa ọkụ na mmeghachi omume polymerization. A na-emepụta coking site na mmeghachi omume oxidation thermal na mmeghachi omume polymerization thermal.
Mmeghachi omume polymerization nke okpomọkụ na-eme mgbe mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ n'oge arụ ọrụ nke usoro kpo oku. Mmeghachi omume ahụ ga-emepụta macromolecules na-esi elu dị ka polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, colloids na asphaltene, nke ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-etinye n'elu ikpo ọkụ na pipeline iji mepụta coking.
Mmeghachi omume oxidation nke thermal na-abụkarị mgbe mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ na tank mgbasawanye nke sistemu kpo oku na-akpọtụrụ ikuku ma ọ bụ sonye na mgbasa. Mmeghachi omume ahụ ga-emepụta alcohols dị ala ma ọ bụ nke dị elu, aldehydes, ketones, acids na ihe ndị ọzọ acidic, ma na-emepụta ihe viscous dị ka colloid na asphaltene na-emepụta coking; A na-ebute oxidation thermal site na ọnọdụ ndị na-adịghị mma. Ozugbo ọ na-eme, ọ ga-eme ka mgbawa ọkụ ọkụ na mmeghachi omume polymerization dị ọkụ, na-eme ka viscosity na-abawanye ngwa ngwa, na-ebelata ọrụ nnyefe ọkụ, na-eme ka ikpo ọkụ na ọkụ tube coking. Ihe acidic emepụtara ga-ebutekwa mmebi akụrụngwa na ntapu.
[3]. Ihe ize ndụ nke coking
Coking nke mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ na-emepụta mgbe a na-eji ya eme ihe ga-eme ka oyi akwa mkpuchi, na-eme ka ọkụ ọkụ na-ebufe ọkụ na-ebelata, okpomọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-abawanye, na oriri mmanụ na-abawanye; N'aka nke ọzọ, ebe ọ bụ na okpomọkụ nke usoro mmepụta ihe na-achọghị ka ọ na-agbanwe agbanwe, okpomọkụ nke ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ tube mgbidi ga-ebili nke ọma, na-eme ka ọkụ ọkụ na-agbawa ma na-agbaji, na-emecha na-agba ọkụ site na ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ, na-eme ka ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ ọkụ. jide ọkụ ma gbawaa, na-ebute nnukwu ihe mberede dị ka mmerụ ahụ nkeonwe na akụrụngwa na ndị na-arụ ọrụ. N'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, ihe mberede dị otú ahụ na-emekarị.
[4]. Ihe na-emetụta coking
(1) Ogo mbufe mmanụ ọkụ
Mgbe nyochachara usoro nhazi coking dị n'elu, a na-achọpụta na nkwụsi ike oxidation na nkwụsi ike nke mmanụ ọkụ na-enwe njikọ chiri anya na ọsọ coking na ọnụọgụ. Ọtụtụ ihe mberede ọkụ na mgbawa na-akpata site na nkwụsi ike ọkụ na-adịghị mma na nkwụsi ike oxidation nke mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ, nke na-akpata nnukwu coking n'oge ọrụ.
(2) Nhazi na ntinye nke usoro kpo oku
The dị iche iche parameters nyere site kpo oku usoro imewe na ma akụrụngwa echichi bụ ihe ezi uche na-emetụta kpọmkwem coking ọchịchọ nke okpomọkụ nyefe mmanụ.
Ọnọdụ ntinye nke ngwá ọrụ ọ bụla dị iche iche, nke ga-emetụtakwa ndụ nke mmanụ ọkụ ọkụ. Echichi akụrụngwa ga-abụ ihe ezi uche dị na ya na nhazi oge kwesịrị ekwesị n'oge ọrụ ịgbatị ndụ mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ.
(3) Ọrụ kwa ụbọchị na mmezi nke usoro kpo oku
Ndị ọrụ dị iche iche nwere ọnọdụ ebumnobi dị iche iche dị ka agụmakwụkwọ na ọkwa teknụzụ. Ọbụlagodi na ha na-eji otu akụrụngwa kpo oku na mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ, ọkwa nchịkwa ha nke usoro ikpo ọkụ na ọnụego eruba abụghị otu.
Okpomọkụ bụ ihe dị mkpa maka mmeghachi omume oxidation thermal na mmeghachi omume polymerization nke mmanụ ọkụ. Ka okpomọkụ na-ebili, mmeghachi omume mmeghachi omume abụọ a ga-abawanye nke ọma, na ọchịchọ coking ga-abawanyekwa otú ahụ.
Dị ka echiche ndị dabara adaba nke ụkpụrụ injinịa kemịkalụ: ka ọnụ ọgụgụ Reynolds na-abawanye, ọnụ ọgụgụ coking na-ebelata. Ọnụọgụ Reynolds dabara na ọnụego mbufe mmanụ ọkụ. Ya mere, ka mmụba nke mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ na-ebuwanye ibu, ka coking na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ.
[5]. Ngwọta maka coking
Iji belata nguzobe nke coking na ịgbatị ndụ ọrụ nke mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ, ekwesịrị iwere usoro site na akụkụ ndị a:
(1) Họrọ mmanụ na-ebufe okpomọkụ nke ika kwesịrị ekwesị ma nyochaa usoro nke ihe ngosi anụ ahụ na kemịkal ya
A na-ekewa mmanụ na-enye ọkụ n'ime ụdị dị ka okpomọkụ eji eme ihe. N'ime ha, ịnweta okpomọkụ nyefe mmanụ tumadi na-agụnye atọ ụdị: L-QB280, L-QB300 na L-QC320, na ha ojiji okpomọkụ bụ 280 ℃, 300 ℃ na 320 ℃ karị.
A ga-ahọrọ mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ nke ika kwesịrị ekwesị na àgwà kwesịrị ekwesị nke na-ezute ụkpụrụ SH/T 0677-1999 "Heat Transfer Fluid" dị ka okpomọkụ okpomọkụ nke usoro kpo oku si dị. Ka ọ dị ugbu a, a na-atụ aro iji okpomọkụ nke ụfọdụ mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ na-ere ahịa dị nnọọ iche na nsonaazụ nha n'ezie, nke na-eduhie ndị ọrụ na ihe mberede nchekwa na-eme site n'oge ruo n'oge. O kwesịrị ịdọta uche nke ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ!
Ekwesịrị iji mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ mee mmanụ ala a nụchara anụcha nke nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike na-ekpo ọkụ yana antioxidants dị elu na ihe mgbakwunye mgbochi. Okpomọkụ antioxidant dị elu nwere ike igbu oge oxidation na ịgbanye mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ n'oge ọrụ; onye na-ahụ maka ikpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ nwere ike igbari coking na tubes ọkụ na pipeline, fesa ya na mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ, ma nyochaa ya site na nzacha nke usoro ahụ iji mee ka ọkụ ọkụ na pipeline dị ọcha. Mgbe ọnwa atọ ọ bụla ma ọ bụ ọnwa isii gachara, a ga-enyocha ma nyochaa viscosity, ebe ọkụ ọkụ, uru acid na ihe fọdụrụ na carbon nke mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ. Mgbe abụọ n'ime ndị na-egosi gafere ókè a kapịrị ọnụ (carbon foduru ọ bụghị ihe karịrị 1.5%, acid uru karịa 0.5mgKOH/g, flash point mgbanwe ọnụego ọ bụghị karịa 20%, viscosity mgbanwe ọnụego ọ bụghị karịa 15%), a ga-atụle ka ịtinye mmanụ ọhụrụ ma ọ bụ dochie mmanụ niile.
(2) Nhazi ezi uche na ntinye nke usoro kpo oku
Nhazi na ntinye nke usoro ikpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ kwesịrị ịgbasochi usoro iwu nhazi ọkụ ọkụ mmanụ ọkụ na-emepụta site na ngalaba ndị dị mkpa iji hụ na arụ ọrụ nchekwa nke usoro ikpo ọkụ.
(3) Hazie ọrụ kwa ụbọchị nke usoro kpo oku
A na-arụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị nke usoro ikpo ọkụ mmanụ ọkụ kwesịrị ịgbaso ụkpụrụ nchekwa na njikwa teknụzụ maka ọkụ na-ebu ọkụ organic nke ngalaba ndị dị mkpa mepụtara, wee nyochaa usoro mgbanwe nke paramita dị ka okpomọkụ na ọnụego mmanụ ọkụ na kpo oku. usoro n'oge ọ bụla.
Na n'ezie ojiji, nkezi okpomọkụ na ntinye nke kpo oku oku kwesịrị dịkarịa ala 20 ℃ ala karịa ọrụ okpomọkụ nke okpomọkụ nyefe mmanụ.
Okpomọkụ nke mmanụ ọkụ na-ebufe ọkụ na tank mgbasawanye nke usoro mepere emepe kwesịrị ịdị ala karịa 60 ℃, na okpomọkụ ekwesịghị gafere 180 ℃.
Ọnụego mmiri na-ebufe mmanụ na-ekpo ọkụ na ọkụ mmanụ ọkụ ekwesịghị ịdị ala karịa 2.5 m / s iji mee ka ọgba aghara nke mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ na-ebelata, belata ọkpụrụkpụ nke oyi akwa na-ekpo ọkụ na-ekpo ọkụ na okpomọkụ na-ebufe ókè oyi akwa na. convective okpomọkụ na-ebufe ihe na-eguzogide okpomọkụ, ma melite ọnụọgụ ọkụ na-ebufe ọkụ iji nweta nzube nke ịkwalite nnyefe ọkụ mmiri.
(4) ihicha usoro kpo oku
The thermal oxidation na thermal polymerization ngwaahịa na-ebute ụzọ polymerized elu-carbon viscous bekee na-arapara na mgbidi ọkpọkọ. Enwere ike iwepụ ihe ndị dị otú ahụ site na nhicha kemịkal.
Ihe viscous nke nwere carbon dị elu na-etolite n'ụzọ graphitized ezughị ezu. Nhicha kemịkalụ na-arụ ọrụ naanị maka akụkụ ndị na-adịbeghị carbonized. A na-emepụta coke nke nwere eserese zuru oke. Nhicha kemịkalụ abụghịzi ihe ngwọta maka ụdị ihe a. A na-ejikarị ihicha igwe arụ ọrụ na mba ofesi. Ekwesịrị ịlele ya ugboro ugboro n'oge eji. Mgbe a na-emepụtabeghị ihe viscous nke nwere nnukwu carbon, ndị ọrụ nwere ike ịzụta ihe na-ehicha kemịkalụ maka nhicha.
[6]. Mmechi
1. Coking nke mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ n'oge usoro nnyefe ọkụ na-abịa site na ngwaahịa mmeghachi omume nke mmeghachi omume oxidation thermal na mmeghachi omume polymerization.
2. Coking nke mmanụ na-enye ọkụ ga-eme ka ọkụ ọkụ na-ebufe ọkụ nke usoro ikpo ọkụ na-ebelata, ikpo ọkụ ọkụ na-abawanye, na mmanụ ọkụ na-abawanye. N'okwu ndị siri ike, ọ ga-eduga na ihe mberede dịka ọkụ, mgbawa na mmerụ onwe onye nke onye na-arụ ọrụ na ọkụ ọkụ.
3. Iji mee ka nhazi nke coking kwụsịlata, a ga-ahọrọ mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ nke a kwadebere na mmanụ isi a nụchara anụcha na nkwụsi ike dị mma na okpomọkụ dị elu na-egbochi oxidation na ihe mgbakwunye na-adịghị mma. Maka ndị ọrụ, ngwaahịa ndị ikike kpebisiri ike na ojiji ha kwesịrị ịhọrọ.
4. Ekwesịrị ịhazi usoro kpo oku nke ọma ma tinye ya, na arụ ọrụ kwa ụbọchị nke usoro kpo oku kwesịrị ịhazi n'oge eji. A na-anwale viscosity, ebe ọkụ ọkụ, uru acid na carbon foduru nke mmanụ na-ebufe ọkụ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe niile iji hụ mgbanwe mgbanwe ha.
5. Enwere ike iji ihe na-ehicha ihe na-ehicha kemịkalụ ihicha coking nke na-adịbeghị carbonized na usoro kpo oku.