Kei roto i te tukanga whakaputa: te whakamahana i te pāmahana bitumen me te otinga hopi, te whakatikatika i te uara pH otinga hopi, me te whakahaere i te tere rere o ia paipa i te wa e whakaputa ana.
(1) Te pāmahana whakawera o te bitumen me te otinga hopi
Me nui te pāmahana o te bitumen kia pai ai te ahua rere. Ko te whakakorenga o te emulsifier i roto i te wai, te pikinga o te mahi otinga hopi emulsifier, me te whakaheke i te awangawanga atanga o te wai-bitumen me noho te otinga hopi ki tetahi pāmahana. I te wa ano, ko te pāmahana o te bitumen whakaehunga i muri i te whakaputanga kaore e taea te teitei ake i te 100 ℃, ki te kore ka koropupu te wai. Ma te whai whakaaro ki enei mea, ka tohua te pāmahana whakamahana bitumen ki te 120 ~ 140 ℃, te pāmahana otinga hopi ko te 55 ~ 75 ℃, me te pāmahana putanga bitumen e kore e teitei ake i te 85 ℃.
(2) Te whakatikatika i te uara pH wairewa hopi
Ko te emulsifier ake he waikawa me te kawakore na tona hanganga matū. Ka memeha nga katote i roto i te wai hei otinga hopi. Ko te uara pH e pa ana ki te mahi o te emulsifier. Ko te whakatikatika ki te uara pH e tika ana ka whakanui ake te mahi o te wairewa hopi. E kore e taea te whakakore i etahi momo whakaehunga me te kore e whakatika i te uara pH o te otinga hopi. Ka whakanui te waikawa i te mahi o te cationic emulsifiers, ka whakanui te alkalinity i te mahi o te emulsifiers anionic, me te mahi o te emulsifiers nonionic kahore he mahi ki te uara pH. I te wa e whakamahi ana i nga emulsifiers, me whakatika te uara pH kia rite ki nga tohutohu hua motuhake. Ko nga waikawa me nga kawakore e whakamahia nuitia ana ko: te waikawa maota, te waikawa nitric, te waikawa formic, te waikawa acetic, te konutai waikawa, te pungarehu houra, me te karaihe wai.
(3) Te whakahaere i te rere o te paipa
Ko te rere paipa o te bitumen me te otinga hopi ka whakatau i te ihirangi bitumen i roto i te hua bitumen whakaemulsified. I muri i nga taputapu emulsification kua whakaritea, ka tino whakaritea te rōrahi whakaputa. Ko te rere o ia paipa me tatau me te whakatika i runga i te ahua o te bitumen whakaemulsi ka puta. Me tohu ko te tapeke o te rere o ia paipa paipa kia rite ki te rōrahi hanga bitumen whakaemulsified.