Malo ophatikizira asphalt ndi chida chofunikira komanso chofunikira pakumanga misewu yayikulu komanso kupanga misewu yamatauni. Ubwino ndi mawonekedwe a kapangidwe kake ndi kamangidwe ka malo ndikofunika kwambiri kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yabwino, kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yomanga, komanso kuchepetsa ndalama.
1. Kukonza malo mwanzeru
Pamapangidwe apamalo opangira phula, kukonza malo oyenera ndikofunikira. Choyamba, m'pofunika kudziwa mphamvu yopangira ndi malo apansi a ??malo osakaniza molingana ndi kukula kwa polojekiti ndi zofunikira zomanga. Kupyolera mu kamangidwe ka sayansi, madera osiyanasiyana ogwira ntchito monga malo osungiramo zinthu zopangira, malo osakanikirana, ndi malo osungiramo zinthu zomalizidwa amagawidwa momveka, kupangitsa kuti kayendetsedwe kazinthu zikhale bwino, kuchepetsa mtunda ndi nthawi, ndikuwongolera kupanga bwino.
Kuphatikiza apo, m'pofunikanso kuganizira za malo ndi malo ozungulira malowa, ndikuyesera kusankha malo okhala ndi malo athyathyathya komanso mayendedwe abwino kuti athandizire kuyika ndi kunyamula zida. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, m'pofunika kupewa kumanga malo osakaniza m'madera okhudzidwa ndi chilengedwe monga malo okhalamo komanso malo otetezedwa ndi madzi kuti achepetse kukhudzidwa kwa chilengedwe.

2. Kusankha zida zapamwamba
Kusankhidwa kwa zida za malo osakanikirana ndi asphalt kumakhudza mwachindunji kupanga bwino komanso mtundu wazinthu. Posankha zida, muyenera kusankha zida zogwirira ntchito zapamwamba, zodalirika kwambiri, zopulumutsa mphamvu komanso kuteteza chilengedwe malinga ndi zomwe polojekiti ikufuna komanso bajeti. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zamakono zosakanikirana ndi machitidwe olamulira kungapangitse kusakaniza kufanana ndi khalidwe la mankhwala; kusankha zowotcha bwino ndi osonkhanitsa fumbi kungachepetse kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu komanso kuwononga chilengedwe.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, ubwino wa kukonza ndi kukonza zipangizo ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa, ndipo ogulitsa zipangizo omwe ali ndi ntchito yabwino pambuyo pa kugulitsa ayenera kusankhidwa kuti atsimikizire kuti zipangizozo zimagwira ntchito bwino komanso nthawi zonse.
3. Wokometsedwa njira yomanga
Pakumanga chomera chosakaniza phula, njira yomanga yokhazikika imatha kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yomanga komanso yabwino. Choyamba, ndondomeko yomanga mwatsatanetsatane ndi ndondomeko yomanga iyenera kupangidwa kuti imveke bwino nthawi ndi zofunikira zamtundu uliwonse wa zomangamanga. Panthawi yomanga, ndondomeko yomangayo iyenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa kuti zitsimikizire ubwino ndi chitetezo cha zomangamanga.
Kachiwiri, ndikofunikira kulimbikitsa kulumikizana ndi kulumikizana panthawi yomanga ndikuthetsa mavuto omwe amabwera panthawi yomangayo munthawi yake. Mwachitsanzo, pakukhazikitsa zida, ndikofunikira kugwirira ntchito limodzi ndi wopereka zida kuti zitsimikizire kukhazikitsidwa kwabwino komanso kupita patsogolo kwa zida; panthawi yomanga zomangamanga, ndikofunikira kugwirizanitsa ndondomeko yomanga ndi kugwirizanitsa ntchito ndi gulu la zomangamanga kuti tipewe kusokonezana.
4. Kuwongolera khalidwe labwino
Ubwino ndiye chinsinsi chomangirira zomera zosakaniza phula, ndipo njira yoyendetsera bwino iyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Kuyambira pa kugula ndi kuyang'anira zipangizo zopangira zida mpaka kuyika ndi kutumizidwa kwa zipangizo, kenako kuwunikira khalidwe panthawi ya kupanga, ntchito ziyenera kuchitidwa motsatira mfundo zoyenera komanso zofunikira. Limbikitsani kuyendera kwaubwino kwa zida zopangira kuti muwonetsetse kuti zopangira zikukwaniritsa zofunikira; kuvomereza mwamphamvu kuyika ndi kutumizidwa kwa zida kuti zitsimikizire kuti magwiridwe antchito ndi magawo a zidazo zikukwaniritsa zofunikira za kapangidwe; pakupanga, kuwunika pafupipafupi kwazinthu kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti apeze ndikuthetsa mavuto abwino.
5. Njira zotetezera ndi kuteteza chilengedwe
Pakupanga pamasamba ndikumanga zomera zosakaniza phula, chitetezo ndi ntchito yoteteza zachilengedwe ziyenera kuyamikiridwa kwambiri. Ndikofunikira kukhazikitsa dongosolo lathunthu loyang'anira chitetezo ndi dongosolo ladzidzidzi, kulimbikitsa maphunziro a chitetezo ndi maphunziro kwa ogwira ntchito yomanga, ndikuwongolera chidziwitso cha chitetezo ndi luso la ogwira ntchito yomanga. Khazikitsani zidziwitso zodziwikiratu zachitetezo pamalo omangapo ndikukonzekeretsa malo otetezedwa ofunikira kuti awonetsetse chitetezo cha anthu ogwira ntchito yomanga.
Panthawi imodzimodziyo, njira zotetezera zachilengedwe ziyenera kuchitidwa pofuna kuchepetsa kuipitsidwa kwa chilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi yosungira ndi kunyamula zipangizo, njira zosindikizira ziyenera kuchitidwa pofuna kupewa fumbi ndi kutuluka; panthawi yosakaniza, otolera fumbi apamwamba ayenera kuikidwa kuti achepetse mpweya wa fumbi; madzi otayira ndi zinyalala zomwe zimapangidwa panthawi yopanga zimayenera kusamaliridwa bwino ndikutayidwa motsatira miyezo.
Mwachidule, mapangidwe a malo ndi kumanga zomera zosakaniza phula ali ndi ubwino monga kukonzekera malo oyenerera, kusankha zipangizo zamakono, njira yomangamanga bwino, kuwongolera khalidwe labwino ndi chitetezo ndi njira zotetezera chilengedwe. Kupyolera mu mapangidwe a sayansi ndi zomangamanga mosamala, zipangizo zamakono, zogwira mtima kwambiri, zopulumutsa mphamvu komanso zachilengedwe zowonongeka kwa asphalt zingathe kumangidwa kuti zipereke chithandizo champhamvu pakupanga misewu yayikulu komanso yomanga misewu ya municipalities.