[1]. Zinthu zazikulu zomwe zimakhudza kupanga kwamitengo yosakaniza phula
1. Kusakaniza kwa konkire ya asphalt sikulakwa
Kuphatikizika kwa chisakanizo cha asphalt kumayenda kudzera munjira yonse yomanga msewu, kotero kulumikizana kwa sayansi pakati pa chiŵerengero chake chosakanikirana ndi chiŵerengero chophatikizika chopanga chimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakupanga ndi kumanga. Zopanda nzeru kupanga kusakaniza chiŵerengero cha phula osakaniza adzatsogolera The phula konkire ndi osayenera, amene amakhudza moyo utumiki wa phula konkire mumsewu ndi kulamulira mtengo wa miyala phula konkire.
2. Kutentha kotulutsa konkire kwa asphalt sikukhazikika
"Technical Specifications for Highway Asphalt Pavement Construction" imafotokoza momveka bwino kuti pamitengo yosakanikirana ya phula, kutentha kwa phula kuyenera kuwongoleredwa mkati mwa 150-170 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwa kuphatikiza kuyenera kukhala 10-10% apamwamba kuposa kutentha kwa asphalt. -20 ℃, kutentha kwa fakitale osakaniza nthawi zambiri kumakhala 140 mpaka 165 ℃. Ngati kutentha sikukukwanira, maluwa amawonekera, koma ngati kutentha kuli kokwera kwambiri, phula lidzawotcha, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri ubwino wa misewu ndi kugudubuza.
3. Kusakaniza kusakaniza
Musanayambe kusakaniza zipangizo, chowotchera chitsanzo ndi magawo ayenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamalitsa pa zipangizo zosakaniza ndi zipangizo zothandizira kuti zitsimikizire kuti malo onse osinthika ali bwino. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zida za metering ziyenera kufufuzidwa nthawi zonse kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuchuluka kwa asphalt ndi aggregates mu osakaniza kumakwaniritsa zofunikira za "Technical Specifications". Zida zopangira zosakaniza ziyenera kuyikidwa pamalo otakasuka ndi mikhalidwe yabwino yoyendera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zipangizo zosungira madzi zosakhalitsa, chitetezo cha mvula, kuteteza moto ndi njira zina zotetezera ziyenera kukonzedwa pamalopo. Pambuyo kusakaniza kusakaniza mofanana, pamafunika kuti mchere wonse wa mchere ukhale wokutidwa ndi asphalt, ndipo pasakhale kukulunga kosagwirizana, palibe kanthu koyera, palibe agglomeration kapena tsankho. Nthawi zambiri, nthawi yosakaniza yosakaniza phula ndi 5 kwa masekondi a 10 pakusakaniza kowuma ndi masekondi oposa 45 pakusakaniza konyowa, ndipo nthawi yosakaniza ya SMA yosakaniza iyenera kukulitsidwa moyenera. Kusakaniza nthawi ya kusakaniza sikungachepetseke kuti muwonjezere zokolola.

[2]. Kuwunika zolakwika zomwe zimachitika pamitengo yosakanikirana ya konkire ya asphalt
1. Kulephera kusanthula zipangizo ozizira kudyetsa chipangizo
Kaya lamba lamba wosinthasintha kapena lamba wozizira watsekeredwa pansi pa chinthu china, zitha kukhudza kuyimitsidwa kwa lamba wothamanga. Ngati chigawo cha variable speed lamba conveyor chikulephera, kuwunika mwatsatanetsatane kwa osinthira pafupipafupi kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti muwone ngati atha kugwira ntchito. Nthawi zambiri, ngati palibe dera lalifupi, lamba wonyamulira uyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti awone ngati ukupatuka kapena kuterera. Ngati lamba wa conveyor ili ndi vuto, iyenera kusinthidwa mwachangu komanso moyenera kuti zitsimikizire kuti ntchitoyi ikugwira ntchito.
2. Kusanthula mavuto osakaniza
Mavuto osakaniza amawonekera makamaka phokoso lachilendo panthawi yomanga. Panthawiyi, tiyenera kuganizira kaye ngati bulaketi yagalimoto ndi yosakhazikika chifukwa chodzaza ndi chosakanizira. Pankhani ina, tiyenera kuganizira ngati ma fani omwe ali ndi gawo lokhazikika angawonongeke. Izi zimafuna kuti ogwira nawo ntchito ayang'ane kwathunthu, kukonzanso ma bearings, ndikusintha magawo osakanikirana omwe awonongeka kwambiri munthawi yake kuti apewe kusakanikirana kosafanana.
3. Kusanthula mavuto a sensa
Pali zinthu ziwiri pamene pali mavuto ndi sensa. Chinthu chimodzi ndi pamene mtengo wokweza wa silo uli wolakwika. Panthawi imeneyi, sensor iyenera kuyang'aniridwa. Ngati sensor ikulephera, iyenera kusinthidwa munthawi yake. Chinthu chinanso ndi pamene mtengo wa sikelo umakanidwa. Ngati pali vuto ndi sensa, m'pofunika kuchotsa mwamsanga nkhani yachilendo.
4. Chowotchacho sichingayatse ndikuyaka bwino.
Pavuto lomwe chowotchera sichingayatse nthawi zonse chikatenthedwa, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kutsatira njira zotsatirazi kuti athetse vutoli: kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane chipinda chogwirira ntchito ndi chipangizo chilichonse choyatsira, monga mphamvu ya lamba wotumizira, magetsi, chodzigudubuza, zimakupiza ndi zigawo zina Yang'anani mwatsatanetsatane, ndiye yang'anani malo a valavu kuyaka kwa fani, yang'anani mmene chitseko ozizira mpweya chitseko, kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa chitseko zimakupiza, udindo wa ng'oma kuyanika. ndi kupanikizika kwamkati mkati, kaya chidacho chili mu gear mode, ndipo zizindikiro zonse ndizoyenerera. M'boma, lowetsani gawo lachiwiri loyang'anira: fufuzani ngati dera la mafuta likuwonekera bwino, ngati chipangizo chowotcha ndi chachilendo, komanso ngati phukusi lapamwamba kwambiri lawonongeka. Ngati vuto silingapezeke, pitani ku sitepe yachitatu ndikuchotsa elekitirodi ya incinerator. Chotsani chipangizocho ndikuyang'ana ukhondo wake, kuphatikizapo ngati dera la mafuta latsekedwa ndi dothi lamafuta komanso ngati pali mtunda wothandiza pakati pa ma electrode. Ngati macheke omwe ali pamwambawa ndi abwinobwino, ndiye kuti muyenera kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane momwe pampu yamafuta imagwirira ntchito. Yang'anani ndikuyesa ngati kukakamiza pa doko la mpope kumakumana ndi zomwe zili bwino.
5. Kusanthula kwa magwiridwe antchito olakwika olakwika
Zomwe zimakhudzidwa ndi kukakamiza kwamkati kwa chowombera makamaka kumaphatikizapo mbali ziwiri: chowombera ndi chowombera chowombera. Wowuzirayo akatulutsa mphamvu yabwino mu ng'oma, chojambulacho chimatulutsa kupanikizika koyipa mu ng'oma, ndipo kupanikizika koyipa komwe kumachokera sikungakhale kwakukulu, apo ayi fumbi lidzawulukira kuchokera kumbali zinayi za ng'oma ndikukhudza malo ozungulira.
Kupanikizika koyipa kukachitika mu ng'oma yowumitsa, ogwira ntchito ayenera kuchita izi: Kuti adziwe momwe damper ikugwirira ntchito, mpweya wolowera m'malo opangira zida zowumitsa uyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosamalitsa. Chidacho chikapanda kusuntha, mutha kuyiyika kuti igwire ntchito pamanja, sinthani chowongoleracho kuti chikhale pamanja, fufuzani ngati chikuyenda bwino, ndikuchotsani momwe chikukhalira. Ngati atha kutsegulidwa pamanja, tsatirani masitepewo Chitani kafukufuku watsatanetsatane wa njira zoyenera. Chachiwiri, poganiza kuti chotenthetsera chotenthetsera chowombera chingagwiritsidwe ntchito nthawi zonse, ogwira ntchito amayenera kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane gulu la pulse board, kuwona ngati pali mafunso okhudza mawaya ake kapena kusintha kwamagetsi, kupeza chomwe chayambitsa ngozi, ndikuthetsa mwasayansi munthawi yake.
6. Kusanthula kwa chiŵerengero chosayenera cha mafuta ndi miyala
Chiŵerengero cha whetstone chimatanthawuza kuchuluka kwa asphalt ku mchenga ndi zodzaza zina mu konkire ya asphalt. Ndichizindikiro chofunikira kwambiri chowongolera ubwino wa konkire ya asphalt. Ngati chiŵerengero cha mafuta ndi mwala ndi chachikulu kwambiri, chidzachititsa kuti "keke yamafuta" iwonekere pambuyo pokonza ndi kugudubuza. Komabe, ngati chiŵerengero cha miyala ya mafuta ndi chaching'ono kwambiri, zinthu za konkire zimasiyana, zomwe zimabweretsa kulephera. Zonse ziwiri ndi ngozi zapamwamba.
7. Kusanthula vuto lazenera
Vuto lalikulu ndi chinsalu ndi kutuluka kwa mabowo pawindo, zomwe zidzachititsa kuti magulu amtundu wapitawo alowe mu silo ya mlingo wotsatira. Chosakanizacho chiyenera kutsatiridwa kuti chichotsedwe ndi kufufuzidwa. Ngati mwala wa whetstone wosakaniza ndi waukulu kwambiri, chodabwitsa cha keke ya mafuta chidzachitika pambuyo pokonza ndi kugubuduza msewu. Chifukwa chake, ngati nthawi iliyonse kapena zovuta zichitika pakuchotsa ndikuwunika, muyenera kuganizira zowonera pazenera.

[3]. Kusamalira chomera chosakaniza konkire cha asphalt
1. Kusamalira akasinja
Tanki yopangira phula ndi chipangizo chofunikira kwambiri chosakaniza konkire ndipo imatha kung'ambika kwambiri. Kawirikawiri, mbale zomangira, kusakaniza manja, masamba ndi kugwedeza zisindikizo za pakhomo la asphalt zosakaniza ziyenera kusinthidwa ndikusinthidwa nthawi ndi nthawi malingana ndi kung'ambika ndi kung'ambika, ndipo pambuyo pa kusakaniza konkire, thanki iyenera kutsukidwa mu nthawi kuti iyeretse kusakaniza. chomera. Konkire yotsalira mu thanki ndi konkire yomwe imayikidwa pakhomo lazinthu ziyenera kutsukidwa bwino kuti konkire mu thanki isalimbane. Yang'ananinso pafupipafupi ngati chitseko chakuthupi chikutseguka ndi kutseka mosasunthika kupeŵa kupanikizana kwa chitseko. Pokonza thankiyo, magetsi ayenera kutsekedwa, ndipo munthu wodzipereka ayenera kupatsidwa ntchito yosamalira mosamala. Musananyamule chilichonse, onetsetsani kuti mulibe zinthu zakunja mu thanki, ndipo pewani kuyambitsa injini yayikulu ndi katundu.
2. Kukonza malire a stroke
Zochepetsera za chomera chosakaniza konkire cha asphalt chimaphatikizapo malire apamwamba, malire otsika, malire a malire ndi ophwanya dera, etc. Panthawi ya ntchito, kukhudzika ndi kudalirika kwa kusintha kwa malire kumayenera kuyang'anitsitsa pafupipafupi. Zomwe zimayendera zimaphatikizanso ngati zigawo zowongolera, zolumikizira ndi waya zili bwino, komanso ngati mabwalowo ndi abwinobwino. Izi zidzakhudza ntchito yotetezeka ya chomera chosakaniza.

[4]. Kusakaniza kwa asphalt kusakaniza njira zoyendetsera khalidwe
1. Coarse aggregate imagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri mu konkire ya asphalt. Nthawi zambiri, miyala yokhala ndi kukula kwa 2.36 mpaka 25mm nthawi zambiri imatchedwa coarse aggregate. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamtunda wosanjikiza wa konkire kulimbitsa zinthu za granular, kuonjezera kukangana kwake ndikuchepetsa zomwe zimalimbikitsa kusamuka. Izi zimafuna kuti makina opangidwa ndi coarse aggregate agwirizane ndi zosowa zake m'munda wa mankhwala, kuti akwaniritse cholinga chaukadaulo. amafunikira komanso amakhala ndi mawonekedwe enieni akuthupi, monga momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito kwambiri, kuchulukana kwazinthu ndi zinthu zomwe zimalimbikitsa mphamvu. Pambuyo pakuphwanyidwa kophatikizana, pamwamba payenera kukhala movutikira, ndipo mawonekedwe a thupi ayenera kukhala a cube okhala ndi m'mphepete ndi ngodya zoonekeratu, pomwe zomwe zili ndi tinthu tating'onoting'ono tokhala ngati singano ziyenera kusungidwa pamlingo wochepa, ndipo kukangana mkati kumakhala zamphamvu. Miyala yophwanyidwa yokhala ndi tinthu ting'onoting'ono toyambira pafupifupi 0.075 mpaka 2.36mm imatchedwa kuti ma aggregates abwino, omwe makamaka amaphatikizapo slag ndi mineral powder. Mitundu iwiriyi yamagulu abwino ali ndi zofunikira zotsukira kwambiri ndipo siziloledwa kumangirizidwa kapena kumamatira ku chirichonse. Kwa zinthu zovulaza, mphamvu yolumikizirana pakati pa tinthu ting'onoting'ono iyenera kulimbikitsidwa moyenerera, ndipo mipata pakati pa maguluwo iyeneranso kupanikizidwa kuti zinthuzo zikhale zokhazikika komanso zolimba.
2. Pamene kusakaniza kusakanikirana, kusakaniza kuyenera kuchitidwa mosamalitsa molingana ndi kutentha kwa zomangamanga komwe kumapangidwira kusakaniza kwa asphalt. Kusakaniza kosakaniza kusanayambe tsiku lililonse, kutentha kuyenera kuwonjezeka ndi 10 ° C mpaka 20 ° C pamaziko a kutentha kumeneku. Mwa njira iyi, kusakaniza kwa asphalt Ubwino wa zipangizo ndi wopindulitsa kwambiri. Njira ina ndikuchepetsa moyenerera kuchuluka kwa zomwe zimalowa mu mbiya yowumitsa, kuwonjezera kutentha kwa lawi lamoto, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti poyambira kusakaniza, kutentha kwamafuta ophatikizika ndi ma aggregates abwino ndi asphalt ndikokwera pang'ono kuposa mtengo womwe watchulidwa. amatha kuteteza poto yosakaniza konkire ya asphalt kuti isatayidwe.
3. Ntchito yomanga isanachitike, kuwunikiranso kwamagulu ophatikizana kuyenera kuchitika kaye. Ndondomeko yowunikirayi ndi yofunika kwambiri ndipo imakhudza mwachindunji ubwino wa zomangamanga za polojekitiyi. M’mikhalidwe yabwinobwino, kaŵirikaŵiri pamakhala kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa chiŵerengero chenichenicho ndi chiŵerengero chandamale. Kuti mupangitse kuti gawo lenilenilo likhale logwirizana ndi gawo lomwe mukufuna, ndikofunikira kupanga masinthidwe abwino potengera liwiro la mota ya hopper ndi kuchuluka kwa kudyetsa. , kuonetsetsa kusasinthika ndikukwaniritsa bwino zofananira.
4. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mphamvu yowonetsera chinsalu imakhudza kukhazikitsidwa kwa theka ndi kutulutsa pansi pamtunda wina. Pankhani yachidziwitso chochepa, ngati mukufuna kuchita ntchito yabwino pakuwunika pazenera, muyenera kuyika liwiro losiyana. kukwaniritsa. Pofuna kuwonetsetsa kuti ma geotextiles apangidwe bwino ndikuwonetsetsa kuti palibe cholakwika chachikulu pakuyika zinthu zamchere, zida zamchere ziyenera kugawidwa molingana ndi zomwe zikuyembekezeredwa musanamangidwe, ndipo magawo opanga ayenera kukhala ogwirizana ndi magawo omwe akhazikitsidwa. , kuti zisasinthe panthawi yomanga.
5. Pamaziko owonetsetsa kuti phula losakaniza likugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera, m'pofunika kukhazikitsa kuchuluka kwa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamagulu enieni ndi mchere wa ufa, ndipo nthawi yomweyo kuchepetsa kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mchere wa mchere; chachiwiri, tcherani khutu kuti musagwiritse ntchito panthawi yosakaniza yomanga. Sinthani kukula kwa damper, ndikusankha ogwira ntchito kuti aziyendera pafupipafupi kuti awonetsetse kuti makulidwe a phula la phula likukwaniritsa zofunikira zomanga, kuteteza kusakaniza kuti zisawonetse mtundu woyera, komanso kukulitsa luso la zomangamanga.
6. Nthawi yosakaniza ndi kusakaniza kutentha kwa osakaniza kuyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino. Kufanana kwa chisakanizo cha asphalt kumakhala ndi ubale wapamtima kwambiri ndi kutalika kwa nthawi yosakaniza. Awiriwo ali ofanana molunjika, ndiko kuti, nthawi yayitali, idzakhala yofanana kwambiri. Komabe, ngati nthawiyo siyikuyendetsedwa bwino, asphalt idzakalamba, zomwe zidzakhudza ubwino wa kusakaniza. kumakhudza kwambiri khalidwe. Choncho, kutentha kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mwasayansi panthawi yosakaniza. Nthawi yosakaniza ya mbale iliyonse ya zipangizo zosakaniza zosakanikirana zimayendetsedwa pakati pa masekondi 45-50, pamene nthawi yosakaniza youma iyenera kukhala yaitali kuposa masekondi 5-10, malingana ndi nthawi yosakaniza yosakaniza. Sakanizani mofanana ngati muyezo.
Mwachidule, monga ogwira ntchito zomera zosakaniza mu nyengo yatsopano, tiyenera kudziwa bwino kufunika kolimbitsa ubwino ndi kukonza zida zosakaniza phula. Pokhapokha poyang'anira ubwino wa zomera zosakaniza phula bwino tingathe kutsimikizira kusakaniza kwa asphalt Pokhapokha mwa kupititsa patsogolo kusakaniza kwa zomera zosakaniza tingathe kupanga zosakaniza zapamwamba komanso zogwira mtima za asphalt, ndikuyika maziko olimba kuti apititse patsogolo ntchito.