[1] Matenda ofala a phula la asphalt
Pali mitundu isanu ndi inayi yakuwonongeka koyambirira kwa phula: matope, ming'alu, ndi maenje. Matendawa ndi ofala komanso owopsa, ndipo ndi amodzi mwamavuto omwe amapezeka pamapulojekiti amisewu yayikulu.
1.1 Ruti
Ruts amatanthawuza ma groove opangidwa ndi lamba wamtali omwe amapangidwa m'mphepete mwa magudumu pamsewu, wozama kuposa 1.5cm. Rutting ndi mtsinje woboola pakati wopangidwa ndi kudzikundikira kwa mapindikidwe okhazikika mumsewu pansi pa katundu woyendetsa mobwerezabwereza. Rutting amachepetsa kusalala kwa msewu. Mitsempha ikafika pakuya kwina, chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi m'mitsinje, magalimoto amatha kutsetsereka ndikuyambitsa ngozi zapamsewu. Kuthamanga kumachitika makamaka chifukwa cha mapangidwe osayenerera komanso kuchuluka kwa magalimoto.
1.2 Zowonongeka
Pali mitundu itatu ikuluikulu ya ming'alu: ming'alu yautali, ming'alu yopingasa ndi ming'alu ya intaneti. Ming'alu imachitika mumsewu wa asphalt, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azituluka ndikuwononga pamwamba ndi pansi.
1.3 Dzuwa ndi poyambira
Maenje ndi matenda oyambilira oyambilira a phula, zomwe zikutanthauza kuwonongeka kwa njira yolowera m'maenje okhala ndi kuya kupitilira 2cm komanso malo opitilira 0.04㎡. Maenje amapangidwa makamaka pamene kukonza galimoto kapena mafuta agalimoto amalowa mumsewu. Kuipitsako kumapangitsa kuti phula losakanizika lilekeke, ndipo maenjewo amapangidwa pang’onopang’ono poyendetsa ndi kugudubuza.
1.4 Kusamba
Kuyang'ana pansi kwa phula kumatanthauza kusenda pamwamba pamtunda, ndi malo opitilira 0.1 masikweya mita. Choyambitsa chachikulu cha phula la asphalt ndikuwonongeka kwamadzi.
1.5 kugwa
Kutayikira kwa phula la phula kumatanthauza kutayika kwa mphamvu yomangirira panjira yomangirapo ndikumasula zophatikiza, ndi malo opitilira 0.1 masikweya mita.

[2] Njira zosamalira matenda wamba pamiyala ya phula
Kwa matenda omwe amapezeka koyambirira kwa phula la phula, tiyenera kuchita ntchito yokonza munthawi yake, kuti tichepetse kukhudzidwa kwa matendawa pachitetezo choyendetsa phula la phula.
2.1 Kukonza ma ruts
Njira zazikulu zokonzera misewu ya asphalt ndi izi:
2.1.1 Ngati pamwamba pa msewu waphwanyidwa chifukwa cha kuyenda kwa magalimoto. Malo otsetsereka ayenera kuchotsedwa ndi kudula kapena mphero, ndiyeno pamwamba pa asphalt ayenera kupangidwanso. Kenako gwiritsani ntchito asphalt mastic gravel mix (SMA) kapena SBS modified asphalt single mix, kapena polyethylene modified asphalt osakaniza kuti mukonze zitsulo.
2.1.2 Ngati msewuwo umakankhidwa pambali ndikupanga matope otsatizana, ngati atakhazikika, mbali zotuluka zimatha kudulidwa, ndipo mbali zake zimatha kupopera kapena kupakidwa ndi phula lomangika ndikudzazidwa ndi phula losakanizika, lokhazikika, ndi chophatikizika.
2.1.3 Ngati rutting imayamba chifukwa cha kutsika pang'ono kwa gawo la maziko chifukwa cha mphamvu zosakwanira komanso kusasunthika kwamadzi kwa maziko, mazikowo ayenera kuthandizidwa poyamba. Chotsani kwathunthu pamwamba ndi maziko
2.2 Kukonza ming'alu
Pambuyo pa ming'alu ya asphalt ikuchitika, ngati ming'alu yonse kapena yaying'ono imatha kuchiritsidwa panthawi yotentha kwambiri, palibe chithandizo chofunikira. Ngati pali ming'alu yaing'ono yomwe singachiritse m'nyengo yotentha kwambiri, iyenera kukonzedwanso nthawi yake kuti ming'alu isawonjezeke, kuti ming'aluyo isawonongeke msanga, ndikuwongolera kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa misewu yayikulu. Momwemonso, pokonza ming'alu pamiyala ya asphalt, ntchito zolimba ndi zofunikira ziyenera kutsatiridwa.
2.2.1 Njira yokonza kudzaza mafuta. M'nyengo yozizira, kuyeretsa ming'alu ofukula ndi yopingasa, ntchito liquefied mpweya kutentha mng'alu makoma kwa dziko viscous, ndiye utsi phula kapena phula matope (emulsified phula ayenera sprayed mu otsika kutentha ndi chinyezi nyengo) mu ming'alu, ndiyeno kufalitsa. wogawana Kuteteza ndi wosanjikiza wa youma woyera tchipisi miyala kapena coarse mchenga wa 2 mpaka 5 mm, ndipo potsiriza ntchito wodzigudubuza kuwala kuphwanya mchere zipangizo. Ngati ndi ming'alu yaying'ono, iyenera kukulitsidwa pasadakhale ndi chodulira mphero, ndiyeno kukonzedwa molingana ndi njira yomwe ili pamwambapa, ndipo phula laling'ono lokhala ndi kukhazikika kocheperako liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamphepete.
2.2.2 Konzani misewu yong'ambika ya phula. Pomanga, choyamba chotsani ming'alu yakale kuti mupange poyambira V; kenaka mugwiritseni ntchito mpweya wa compressor kuti mutulutse mbali zotayirira ndi fumbi ndi zinyalala zina mkati ndi kuzungulira V-mawonekedwe a V, ndipo kenaka mugwiritseni ntchito mfuti ya extrusion kuti muphatikize osakaniza osakanikirana Zinthu zokonzekera zimatsanuliridwa mu ming'alu kuti mudzaze. Zinthu zokonzetsera zikalimba, zitha kutsegulidwa kuti anthu aziyenda pafupifupi tsiku limodzi. Kuonjezera apo, ngati pali ming'alu yayikulu chifukwa cha kuperewera kwa mphamvu ya maziko a nthaka kapena maziko apansi kapena slurry ya roadbed, chigawo chapansi chiyenera kuchiritsidwa choyamba ndiyeno pamwamba pake chiyenera kukonzedwanso.
2.3 Kusamalira maenje
2.3.1 Njira yosamalira pamene gawo loyambira la msewu liri losasunthika ndipo malo okhawo ali ndi maenje. Malingana ndi mfundo ya "kukonza dzenje lozungulira", jambulani ndondomeko ya kukonza pothole kufanana kapena perpendicular kwa mzere wapakati wa msewu. Chitani molingana ndi rectangle kapena lalikulu. Dulani dzenje pagawo lokhazikika. Gwiritsani ntchito compressor ya mpweya kuyeretsa pansi pa poyambira ndi poyambira. Tsukani fumbi ndi mbali zotayirira za khoma, ndiyeno utsi wochepa thupi wosanjikiza wa phula womangidwa pa woyera pansi thanki; khoma la thanki ndiye lodzazidwa ndi okonzeka phula osakaniza. Kenako yokulungirani ndi wodzigudubuza dzanja, kuonetsetsa kuti compaction mphamvu amachita mwachindunji pa yayala phula osakaniza. Ndi njirayi, ming'alu, ming'alu, etc.
2.3.1 Kukonza pogwiritsa ntchito njira yotentha. Galimoto yokonza yotentha imagwiritsidwa ntchito kutenthetsa msewu mu dzenje ndi mbale yotenthetsera, kumasula malo otsetsereka ndi ochepetsetsa, kupopera phula la emulsified, kuwonjezera kusakaniza kwa phula, kenaka kusonkhezera ndi kupukuta, ndikugwirizanitsa ndi chogudubuza msewu.
2.3.3 Ngati maziko a m'munsi awonongeka chifukwa cha mphamvu zosakwanira za m'deralo ndipo maenje amapangidwa, pamwamba ndi pansi ziyenera kukumbidwa kwathunthu.
2.4 Kukonza peeling
2.4.1 Chifukwa cha kugwirizana kosauka pakati pa phula la phula ndi chosindikizira chapamwamba, kapena peeling yomwe imayambitsidwa ndi kusamalidwa koyambirira, zigawo zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa, ndiyeno chosindikizira chapamwamba chiyenera kukonzedwanso. Kuchuluka kwa phula lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito pagawo losindikiza liyenera kukhala Ndipo kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono kwa zinthu zamchere kumadalira makulidwe a wosanjikiza wosindikiza.
2.4.2 Ngati peeling imapezeka pakati pa zigawo za asphalt pamwamba, zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka ziyenera kuchotsedwa, malo otsika a asphalt ayenera kupakidwa ndi phula lomangika, ndipo gawo la asphalt liyenera kukonzedwanso.
2.4.3 Ngati peeling imachitika chifukwa cha kusalumikizana bwino pakati pa nsonga ya pamwamba ndi pansi, zosenda ndi zotayirira ziyenera kuchotsedwa kaye ndipo chifukwa cha kusalumikizana bwino kuyenera kufufuzidwa.
2.5 Kusamalira mosasamala
2.5.1 Ngati pali pitting pang'ono chifukwa cha kutayika kwa zinthu za caulking, pamene asphalt pamwamba wosanjikiza satha mafuta, zinthu zoyenera caulking akhoza kuwaza mu nyengo kutentha ndi kusesedwa mofanana ndi tsache kudzaza mipata mwala. ndi zinthu caulking.
2.5.2 Kwa madera akuluakulu a madera omwe ali ndi pockmarked, uzani asphalt ndi kusasinthasintha kwakukulu ndikuwaza zipangizo zopangira tinthu toyenerera. Zomwe zili pakati pa malo omwe ali ndi pockmark ziyenera kukhala zokhuthala pang'ono, ndipo mawonekedwe ozungulira omwe ali ndi msewu woyambirira ayenera kukhala woonda pang'ono komanso wowoneka bwino. Ndipo adagulung'undisa mu mawonekedwe.
2.5.3 Msewuwu ndi wotayirira chifukwa cha kusamata bwino pakati pa phula ndi miyala ya acidic. Ziwalo zonse zotayirira ziyenera kukumbidwa ndipo pamwamba pake ziyenera kukonzedwanso. Miyala ya acidic sayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pokonzanso zinthu zamchere.