Zida zazikulu zosanganikirana ndi asphalt ndi zida zofunika kwambiri pomanga ma projekiti apamtunda wa phula. Kuyika ndi kusokoneza zida zosakaniza kumakhudza mwachindunji momwe ntchito yake ikugwirira ntchito, kupita patsogolo kwa zomangamanga ndi khalidwe lake. Kutengera zochita zantchito, nkhaniyi ikufotokoza zaukadaulo woyika ndikuwongolera zida zazikulu zosakaniza za asphalt.

Kusankha mtundu wa chomera cha asphalt

Kusinthasintha
Mtundu wa zida uyenera kusankhidwa potengera kafukufuku wathunthu wotengera ziyeneretso za kampaniyo, kukula kwa polojekiti yomwe wapanga, kuchuluka kwa ntchito ya polojekitiyi (gawo la ma tender), kuphatikiza ndi zinthu monga nyengo ya malo omanga, masiku ogwira ntchito yomanga. , ziyembekezo za chitukuko cha kampani, ndi mphamvu zachuma za kampani. Mphamvu yopangira zida iyenera kukhala yayikulu kuposa kuchuluka kwa ntchito yomanga. 20% zazikulu.

Scalability
Zida zosankhidwa ziyenera kukhala ndi luso lamakono kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira zomanga zamakono ndikukhala scalable. Mwachitsanzo, chiwerengero cha ma silo ozizira ndi otentha ayenera kukhala asanu ndi limodzi kuti akwaniritse chiwongolero cha kusakaniza; silinda yosakaniza iyenera kukhala ndi mawonekedwe owonjezera zowonjezera kuti zigwirizane ndi zofunikira zowonjezera zowonjezera fiber, anti-rutting agents ndi zina zowonjezera.

Chitetezo cha chilengedwe
Mukamagula zida, muyenera kumvetsetsa bwino zizindikiro zoteteza chilengedwe pazida zomwe zigulidwe. Iyenera kutsatira malamulo a chilengedwe komanso zofunikira za dipatimenti yoteteza zachilengedwe mdera lomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito. Mumgwirizano wogula zinthu, zofunikira zoteteza chilengedwe za boiler yamafuta otentha ndi chipangizo chotolera fumbi chaumitsira ziyenera kufotokozedwa momveka bwino. Phokoso lazida zogwirira ntchito liyenera kutsatira malamulo okhudza phokoso pamalire abizinesi. Matanki osungiramo phula ndi matanki osungiramo mafuta olemera ayenera kukhala ndi mpweya wosiyanasiyana wosiyanasiyana. malo osonkhanitsira ndi kukonza.

Ikani pachomera cha phula
Ntchito yoyikapo ndiye maziko otsimikizira mtundu wa zida zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito. Iyenera kuyamikiridwa kwambiri, kukonzedwa mosamala, ndikukhazikitsidwa ndi mainjiniya odziwa zambiri.
Kukonzekera
Ntchito yaikulu yokonzekera imaphatikizapo zinthu zisanu ndi chimodzi izi: Choyamba, perekani gulu loyenerera la zomangamanga kuti lipange zojambula zomangira zoyambira potengera ndondomeko ya pansi yoperekedwa ndi wopanga; chachiwiri, gwiritsani ntchito zida zogawa ndi kusintha malinga ndi zofunikira za buku la malangizo a zida, ndikuwerengera mphamvu yogawa. Zofunikira zamagetsi pazida zowonjezera monga emulsified asphalt ndi phula losinthidwa ziyenera kuganiziridwa, ndipo 10% mpaka 15% ya kuchuluka kwa okwera ayenera kusiyidwa; chachiwiri, thiransifoma ya mphamvu yoyenera iyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti igwiritse ntchito mphamvu zapakhomo pamalopo kuti zitsimikizire kuti zida zopangira zikuyenda bwino, Chachinayi, zingwe zazikulu ndi zotsika voteji pamalowo ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa kuti ziyikidwe, komanso mtunda pakati pa thiransifoma ndi thiransifoma. chipinda chachikulu chowongolera chiyenera kukhala 50m. Chachisanu, popeza njira zoyika magetsi zimatenga pafupifupi miyezi itatu, ziyenera kukonzedwa posachedwa zida zitalamulidwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti zawonongeka. Chachisanu ndi chimodzi, ma boilers, zotengera zokakamiza, zida zoyezera, ndi zina zotero ziyenera kudutsa njira zovomerezeka ndi zowunikira panthawi yake.

Kuyika ndondomeko
Kumanga maziko Ntchito yomanga maziko ili motere: kuwunikanso zojambula → kukumba → kukumba → kuphatikizika kwa maziko → kumanga zitsulo zazitsulo → kuyika magawo ophatikizidwa → mawonekedwe → kuthira sililicon → kukonza.
Maziko a nyumba yosakanikirana nthawi zambiri amapangidwa ngati maziko a raft. Maziko ayenera kukhala athyathyathya ndi wandiweyani. Ngati pali dothi lotayirira, liyenera kusinthidwa ndikudzazidwa. Ndikoletsedwa kugwiritsa ntchito khoma la dzenje pakutsanula mwachindunji gawo la maziko apansi panthaka, ndipo formwork iyenera kukhazikitsidwa. Ngati kutentha kwa usana ndi usiku kumakhala kotsika kuposa 5 ° C kwa masiku asanu otsatizana panthawi yomanga, njira zotetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi zofunikira zomanga m'nyengo yozizira (monga matabwa a thovu mu formwork, nyumba zosungiramo kutentha ndi kutsekemera, etc.). Kuyika magawo ophatikizidwa ndi njira yofunika kwambiri. Malo a ndege ndi kukwera kwake kuyenera kukhala kolondola, ndipo kukonza kuyenera kukhala kolimba kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti zigawo zophatikizidwa sizisuntha kapena kupunduka panthawi yothira ndi kugwedezeka.
Ntchito yomanga maziko ikamalizidwa ndikuvomerezedwa, kuvomereza maziko kuyenera kuchitidwa. Pakuvomereza, mita yobwereranso imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza mphamvu ya konkire, malo okwana amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza malo a ndege a magawo ophatikizidwa, ndipo mulingo umagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza kukwera kwa maziko. Pambuyo podutsa kuvomereza, njira yokwezera imayamba.
Ntchito yomanga mokweza ndi motere: kusakaniza nyumba → zida zonyamulira zinthu zotentha → silo ya ufa → zida zonyamulira ufa → ng'oma yowumitsa → chotolera fumbi → chotengera chalamba → silo yozizira → thanki ya phula → ng'anjo yamafuta otentha → chipinda chowongolera chachikulu → appendix .
Ngati miyendo ya nyumba yomalizidwa yosungiramo zinthu pansanjika yoyamba ya nyumba yosakanikirana idapangidwa ndi mabawuti ophatikizidwa, mphamvu ya konkriti yomwe idatsanulidwa kachiwiri iyenera kufikira 70% isanapitirire kukweza pamwamba. M'munsi masitepe guardrail ayenera kuikidwa mu nthawi ndi kuikidwa molimba pamaso angakwezedwe m'mwamba wosanjikiza ndi wosanjikiza. Pazigawo zomwe sizingayikidwe pachitetezo chachitetezo, galimoto yonyamula ma hydraulic iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo zida zachitetezo ziyenera kukhala ndi zida kuti zitsimikizire chitetezo. Posankha crane, kukweza kwake kumayenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira. Kulankhulana kwathunthu ndi kuwululidwa kuyenera kupangidwa ndi dalaivala wokwezera musanayambe kukweza ntchito. Ntchito zonyamula katundu ndizoletsedwa mumphepo yamphamvu, mvula ndi nyengo zina. Pa nthawi yoyenera kukweza zomanga, makonzedwe ayenera kupangidwa kuyala zingwe za zida ndi kukhazikitsa zida zoteteza mphezi.
Kuyang'anira Njira Pakugwira ntchito kwa zida zosakanikirana, kudziyang'anira kwakanthawi kochepa kokhazikika kuyenera kuchitika, makamaka kuyang'ana mwatsatanetsatane zida zosakanikirana za zida zosakanikirana kuti zitsimikizire kuti kuyikako kuli kolimba, kukhazikika kumakhala koyenera, njanji zoteteza. zili bwino, mulingo wamadzimadzi a tanki yamafuta otenthetsera ndi yabwinobwino, ndipo mphamvu ndi Chingwe cholumikizira zimalumikizidwa molondola.

kukonza malo a asphalt

Idle debugging
Njira yochepetsera idling ili motere: yesani-yendetsa galimoto → sinthani magawo → thamangani popanda katundu → yesani zomwe zikuchitika komanso liwiro → onani magawo ogwiritsira ntchito zida zogawa ndikusintha → onani ma siginecha omwe amabwezedwa ndi sensa iliyonse → onani ngati kuwongolera kumakhala kosavuta komanso kothandiza → onani kugwedezeka ndi phokoso. Ngati pali zolakwika zilizonse panthawi ya idling debugging, ziyenera kuthetsedwa.
Pakuwongolera idling, muyenera kuyang'ananso momwe payipi yapaipi yosindikizira imasindikizidwa, fufuzani ngati kuthamanga kwa silinda iliyonse ndikuyenda bwino, ndikuwunika ngati ma siginecha a gawo lililonse losuntha ndi abwinobwino. Mutatha kuchita id kwa maola awiri, fufuzani ngati kutentha kwa chigawo chilichonse ndi chochepetsera kuli bwino, ndikuwongolera selo lililonse la katundu. Pambuyo pakuwongolera zomwe zili pamwambapa, mutha kugula mafuta ndikuyamba kukonza boiler yamafuta otentha.

Kutumiza kwa boiler yamafuta otentha
Kuchepetsa mafuta m'thupi ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Mafuta otenthetsera amayenera kuthiridwa madzi pa 105 ° C mpaka kupanikizika kukhazikika, kenako kutenthedwa mpaka kutentha kwa 160 mpaka 180 ° C. Mafuta amayenera kuwonjezeredwa nthawi iliyonse ndikutopa mobwerezabwereza kuti akwaniritse zovuta zolowera komanso zotuluka komanso milingo yokhazikika yamadzimadzi. . Kutentha kwa mipope ya insulated ya thanki iliyonse ya asphalt ikafika pa kutentha kwanthawi zonse, zopangira monga phula, miyala, ufa wa ore zitha kugulidwa ndikukonzedwa kuti zitumizidwe.

Kudyetsa ndi kukonza zolakwika
Kuthetsa vuto la chowotcha ndiye chinsinsi cha kudyetsa ndi kuwongolera. Kutenga zowotcha mafuta olemera monga chitsanzo, mafuta olemera oyenerera ayenera kugulidwa molingana ndi malangizo ake. Njira yodziwira mwachangu mafuta olemera pamalowa ndikuwonjezera dizilo. Mafuta olemera kwambiri amatha kusungunuka mu dizilo. Kutentha kwamafuta olemera ndi 65 ~ 75 ℃. Ngati kutentha kwakwera kwambiri, gasi amapangidwa ndikuyambitsa moto. Ngati magawo a chowotcha akhazikitsidwa bwino, kuyatsa kosalala kumatha kukwaniritsidwa, lawi loyaka moto limakhala lokhazikika, ndipo kutentha kumawonjezeka ndikutsegula, ndipo dongosolo lazinthu zozizira limatha kuyambika kudyetsa.
Osawonjezera tchipisi ta miyala ndi kukula kwa tinthu zosakwana 3mm pakuyesa koyamba, chifukwa ngati lawi lamoto lizimitsidwa mwadzidzidzi, tchipisi tamwala tosawumitsidwa timatsatizana ndi mbale yowongolera ng'oma ndi chinsalu chaching'ono chogwedeza mauna, zomwe zimakhudza kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwamtsogolo. Mukatha kudyetsa, yang'anani kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono ndi kutentha kwa silo komwe kumawonetsedwa pakompyuta, tulutsani chowotcha chochokera ku silo iliyonse yotentha padera, itengeni ndi chotsitsa, yesani kutentha ndikuyerekeza ndi kutentha komwe kukuwonetsedwa. M'zochita, pali kusiyana kwa kutentha kumeneku, komwe kumayenera kufotokozedwa mwachidule, kuyeza mobwerezabwereza, ndikusiyanitsidwa kuti asonkhanitse deta kuti apange mtsogolo. Poyezera kutentha, gwiritsani ntchito thermometer ya infrared ndi mercury thermometer poyerekezera ndi kuwerengetsa.
Tumizani chophatikiza chotentha kuchokera ku silo iliyonse kupita ku labotale kuti mukawunikenso kuti muwone ngati chikugwirizana ndi mabowo a sieve. Ngati pali kusakaniza kapena kusakaniza silo, zifukwa ziyenera kudziwika ndi kuchotsedwa. Zomwe zikuchitika pagawo lililonse, zochepetsera ndi kutentha ziyenera kuwonedwa ndi kulembedwa. Podikirira, yang'anani ndikusintha malo a mawilo awiri othamangitsa a lamba lathyathyathya, lamba wokhotakhota, ndi wodzigudubuza. Onetsetsani kuti chogudubuza chiyenera kuthamanga popanda kugunda kapena phokoso lachilendo. Unikani zomwe zili pamwambapa zowunikira ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mutsimikizire ngati kuyanika ndi kuchotsera fumbi ndikwabwinobwino, kaya pakali pano komanso kutentha kwa gawo lililonse kuli koyenera, ngati silinda iliyonse imagwira ntchito moyenera, komanso ngati magawo anthawi yokhazikitsidwa ndi dongosolo lowongolera akugwira ntchito.
Kuphatikiza apo, panthawi yodyetsera ndi kukonza zolakwika, malo osinthira chitseko cha bin yotentha, chitseko chophatikizira, chitseko cha silinda, chivundikiro cha bin chomalizidwa, chitseko cha bin chomalizidwa, ndi chitseko cha trolley chiyenera kukhala cholondola ndipo mayendedwe ayenera kukhala osalala.

kupanga mayesero
Mukamaliza kuyika zinthu ndi kukonza zolakwika, mutha kulumikizana ndi akatswiri omanga kuti apange zoyeserera ndikutsegula gawo loyeserera lamsewu. Kupanga mayeso kuyenera kuchitidwa molingana ndi chiŵerengero chosakanikirana choperekedwa ndi labotale. Kupanga mayesero kuyenera kusamutsidwa ku batching ndi kusakaniza boma pokhapokha kutentha koyezedwa kwa aggregate otentha kufika pa zofunikira. Kutengera chitsanzo cha AH-70 asphalt laimu osakaniza, kutentha kophatikizana kuyenera kufika 170 ~ 185 ℃, ndipo kutentha kwa phula kuyenera kukhala 155 ~ 165 ℃.
Konzani munthu wapadera (woyesa) kuti ayang'ane maonekedwe a asphalt osakaniza pamalo otetezeka pambali ya galimoto yoyendetsa galimoto. The phula ayenera wogawana TACHIMATA, popanda tinthu zoyera, zoonekeratu tsankho kapena agglomeration. Kutentha kwenikweni kuyenera kukhala 145 ~ 165 ℃, ndi maonekedwe abwino, kujambula kutentha. Tengani zitsanzo zoyezetsa m'zigawo kuti muyang'ane kuchulukana kwamafuta ndi miyala yamafuta kuti muwone kuwongolera kwa zida.
Chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa pa zolakwika zoyesa, ndipo kuunika kwathunthu kuyenera kuchitidwa pamodzi ndi zotsatira zenizeni pambuyo pa kupukuta ndi kugubuduza. Kupanga koyeserera sikungafike pomaliza pakuwongolera zida. Zikafika ku 2000t kapena 5000t, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zimadyedwa, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zamalizidwa komanso mayeso oyeserera ziyenera kufufuzidwa pamodzi. kupeza mapeto. Kulondola kwa kuyeza kwa asphalt kwa zida zazikulu zosakaniza phula kuyenera kufika ± 0.25%. Ngati sichingafike pamtunduwu, zifukwa ziyenera kupezeka ndikuthetsedwa.
Kupanga mayesero ndi gawo la kukonzanso mobwerezabwereza, mwachidule ndi kukonza, ndi ntchito yolemetsa komanso zofunikira zamakono. Zimafunika mgwirizano wapamtima kuchokera ku madipatimenti osiyanasiyana ndipo zimafuna oyang'anira ndi ogwira ntchito zaluso omwe ali ndi zochitika zinazake. Wolembayo amakhulupirira kuti kupanga mayesero kungaganizidwe kumalizidwa kokha pambuyo pochotsa mbali zonse za zipangizo kuti zizigwira ntchito mokhazikika komanso modalirika, magawo onse akhale abwinobwino, komanso ubwino wa kusakaniza ukhale wokhazikika komanso wokhazikika.

Ogwira ntchito
Zida zazikulu zosanganikirana ndi asphalt ziyenera kukhala ndi manejala mmodzi yemwe ali ndi kasamalidwe ka makina opangira uinjiniya komanso luso lantchito, ogwira ntchito 2 ophunzirira kusekondale kapena kupitilira apo, ndi akatswiri atatu amagetsi ndi zimango. Malinga ndi zomwe takumana nazo, kugawanika kwa mitundu ya ntchito sikuyenera kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane, koma kuyenera kukhala kwapadera muzochita zingapo. Ogwira ntchito akuyeneranso kutenga nawo mbali pakukonza ndipo akhoza kusinthana wina ndi mzake panthawi ya ntchito. Ndikofunikira kusankha anthu omwe angathe kupirira zovuta ndi chikondi kuti alowe mu kasamalidwe ndi ntchito kuti apititse patsogolo luso la gulu lonse ndikugwira ntchito moyenera.

kuvomereza
Oyang'anira zida zazikulu zosanganikirana ndi phula ayenera kukonza opanga ndi akatswiri omanga kuti afotokoze mwachidule ndondomeko yothetsa vutoli. Zida zoyeretsera zimbudzi ziyenera kuyesa ndikuwunika mtundu wa kusakanikirana koyeserera, magwiridwe antchito a zida, ndi malo otetezera chitetezo, ndikuziyerekeza ndi zomwe zikufunika pa mgwirizano wogula ndi malangizo. , chidziwitso cholembedwa chovomerezeka.
Kuyika ndi kukonza zolakwika ndizo maziko a ntchito yotetezeka komanso yothandiza ya zida. Oyang'anira zida ayenera kukhala ndi malingaliro omveka bwino, kuyang'ana kwambiri zaukadaulo, kukonza zonse, ndikutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo aukadaulo achitetezo ndi ndandanda kuti awonetsetse kuti zida zimayikidwa pakupanga monga momwe adakonzera komanso zikuyenda bwino, kupereka chitsimikizo champhamvu pakumanga misewu.