Pakumanga kwa phula, zosakaniza za Asphalt zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri. Zomwe zimagwirira ntchito komanso momwe zimagwirira ntchito pamitengo yosakaniza phula zimakhudza mwachindunji kusakaniza kwa asphalt, komwe kumakhudzana ndi mtundu wa polojekiti yonse komanso kupita patsogolo kwa ntchitoyo. Chifukwa chake, ukadaulo wamakono wowongolera zomera za asphalt ukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo zaukadaulo zikuchulukirachulukira tsiku ndi tsiku. Izi zimafuna oyendetsa makina kuti apititse patsogolo luso la magwiridwe antchito amatha kukwaniritsa zosowa zomanga, kuwonetsetsa kuti makinawo akugwira ntchito moyenera, agwiritse ntchito moyenera, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyo ikuyenda bwino. Ndiye tingatsimikizire bwanji kuti makinawo akugwira ntchito bwino komanso kuti azisewera mokwanira?

Choyamba, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kukhala waluso pamapangidwe ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito za gawo lililonse la chomera cha phula. Pazifukwa izi, mosamalitsa kulamulira mfundo zonse kupanga, makamaka metering dongosolo, chifukwa khalidwe metering ntchito mwachindunji zimakhudza khalidwe la asphaltTechnical index wa osakaniza.

Kwa dongosolo la metering mwala, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti:
(1) Sungani chitseko chilichonse chotulutsira chotseguka ndi kutseka mosinthasintha komanso mwachangu;
(2) Doko lililonse lotulutsa liyenera kukhala losatsekeredwa ndipo palibe dothi lomwe lidzaloledwe kuti liwonetsetse kuti mwala ukhoza kutsika mwachangu komanso moyenera pakuyeza;
(3) Khomo lililonse lotulutsa liyenera kutsekedwa munthawi yake ndikusindikizidwa bwino, ndipo sipayenera kukhala kutayikira kwazinthu pamene kuyeza kwazinthu kumodzi kumalizidwa;
(4) Malo ozungulira choyezera choyezerapo chizikhala chaukhondo ndipo pasakhale zinthu zakunja zoletsa chidebecho kuti zisamire.
mu chikhalidwe cha kuyimitsidwa kwathunthu;
(5) Sensor iliyonse yolemetsa iyenera kukhala ndi kudzaza koyenera, mphamvu yosasinthasintha, komanso kulowetsedwa kwachangu.

Kwa dongosolo la metering la ufa, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kudziwidwa:
(1) Sungani payipi yopatsira ufa wosatsekeka komanso kuti isayimire;
(2) Wodyetsa kapena valavu ayenera kusindikizidwa mwamphamvu, ndipo pasakhale kutuluka kwa ufa kumapeto kwa muyeso;
(3) Nthawi zambiri chotsani fumbi ndi ma sundries pa ufa metering hopper kuti ikhale yoyera;
(4) Dongosolo lonse la metering liyenera kusindikizidwa bwino kuti ufa usakhale wonyowa komanso wosakanikirana;
(5) Kutulutsidwa kwa mlingo wa ufa kuyenera kukhala kokwanira, sikuyenera kukhala ufa wotsalira muyeso, chitseko chotulutsira chiyenera kutsekedwa mwamphamvu, ndipo sipayenera kukhala kutuluka kwa ufa panthawi yoyezera.

Pa makina a phula metering, tcherani khutu ku:
(1) Asanayambe kupanga, payipi iyenera kutenthedwa mokwanira kuti iwonetsetse kuti kutentha kwa asphalt mu dongosolo kumafika pamtengo wotchulidwa;
(2) Paipi yopoperapo phula iyenera kukhala yoyera komanso yosalala, ndipo gawo la mphuno liyenera kutsekedwa, apo ayi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kudzakhala kosiyana ndipo kusanganikirana kudzakhudzidwa;
(3) Pampu yopopera phula kapena valavu yotsegulira iyenera kutsekedwa mwamphamvu kuti zitsimikizire kuti palibe kudontha pambuyo popopera phula kutsirizidwa;
(4) Zochita za valavu yosinthira phula phula ziyenera kukhala zolondola komanso zanthawi yake, ndipo chisindikizocho chiyenera kukhala chabwino, ndipo kuyimitsidwa kwa mbiya ya phula kuyenera kukhala yolimba komanso yosinthasintha.

Pa makina onse a metering a chomera chosakaniza phula, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuyang'ana pafupipafupi. Yang'anani ngati sikelo iliyonse yoyezera idayimitsidwa kotheratu komanso ngati pali kuyimirira, onani ngati sensa iliyonse yoyezera ikugwira ntchito moyenera, komanso ngati kulowetsako kuli tcheru. Yang'anani pafupipafupi kuti mtengo womwe wawonetsedwa ukhale wogwirizana ndi mtengo weniweni. Ngati vuto lililonse likupezeka, liyenera kuthetsedwa munthawi yake kuti zitsimikizire kuti makina owerengera amakhala abwino nthawi zonse.
ntchito yabwino.

Kachiwiri, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kudziunjikira zambiri, athe kuwoneratu zolephera zamakina ambiri, ndikuthetsa ndikuchotsa zoopsa zobisika posachedwa. Cholakwika chikachitika, chimayenera kuweruza molondola ndikuchichotsa munthawi yake kuti chitsimikizire kugwiritsa ntchito bwino makinawo. Kuti akwaniritse izi, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kuchita izi kuwonjezera pakukonza makinawo munthawi yake motsatira malamulo:
(1) Wogwiritsa ntchito amayenera kulondera pafupipafupi, kuyang'ana mosamala, ndi kuyang'ana mosamala mbali zomwe zikuyenda pafupipafupi. Yang'anani ngati ziwalozo zili zotayirira, ngati mafuta odzola ndi abwino, ngati kayendetsedwe kake kamakhala kosavuta, kaya pali kuvala kwachilendo, ndi zina zotero, ndikuthana ndi mavuto nthawi;
(2) Pamene chosakanizacho chikuyenda, mvetserani ndi makutu anu, ganizirani ndi mtima wanu, ndipo fufuzani phokoso lililonse, ngati pali phokoso lachilendo. Pezani chifukwa chake ndikuthana nacho moyenera;
(3) Khalani wodziwa kusiyanitsa fungo losiyanasiyana. Ngati kutentha kwa mafuta kuli kokwera kwambiri, kutentha kwazitsulo kumapitirira malire, zipangizo zamagetsi ndi zozungulira zimafupikitsidwa ndikuwotchedwa, kutenthedwa chifukwa cha mikangano yachilendo, zipangizo zamagetsi ndi mabwalo zimadzaza kwambiri ndipo zimayambitsa kutentha kwakukulu, ndi zina zotero. zimatulutsa fungo losiyana, kudzera mu fungo losiyanasiyana, Kulephera pang'ono kumawonekeranso.

Mwachidule, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa maonekedwe, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosiyanasiyana, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana kuti adziwe kusintha kulikonse kwachilendo, kusanthula mosamala, kupeza chifukwa chake, ndi kupeza zoopsa zobisika. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe ovuta a chomera cha asphalt, pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zigawo, kuphatikizapo magetsi ndi magetsi oyendetsa gasi, machitidwe operekera phula, makina oyaka moto, makina owerengera, makina ochotsera fumbi, ndi zina zotero. mbali m'kanthawi kochepa, weruzani molondola ndikuchotsa zolakwika zonse. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kukhala woyendetsa bwino kwambiri, muyenera kuyang'anitsitsa, kuganiza mozama, kufotokoza mwachidule mosamala, ndikudziunjikira zambiri.

Kuphatikiza pa kukhala odziwa bwino zida, ogwiritsira ntchito akuyeneranso kukhala ndi nzeru zowongolera khalidwe lazogulitsa. Ndiko kudziwa kutentha, phula-mwala chiŵerengero, gradation, etc. wa phula osakaniza, ndi kutha mwaluso ziweruzo luso pa osakaniza, kusanthula ndi kuthetsa mavuto osakaniza mu nthawi yake.

(1) Kuwongolera kutentha kwa osakaniza: Kutentha kwa osakaniza ndi imodzi mwamiyezo yowunikira kuyenerera kwa osakaniza. Ngati kutentha kuli kokwera kwambiri kapena kutsika kwambiri, ndikowonongeka ndipo sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Choncho, momwe mungasamalire kutentha ndi chimodzi mwa luso lofunikira lomwe wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kukhala nalo. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kutentha kwa osakaniza ndi khalidwe la mafuta. Ngati mafuta ali otsika, mtengo wa calorific ndi wochepa, ndipo kuyaka sikukwanira, kumayambitsa kutentha kosasunthika kwa mwala, kutentha kochepa, ndi zotsalira pambuyo pa kuyaka zidzakhalabe mu osakaniza, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la osakaniza. . Ngati kukhuthala kwa mafuta ndikwambiri, zonyansa zimakhala zambiri, ndipo madzi amakhala ochuluka. Zidzapangitsa kuti pakhale zovuta kuyatsa, kutsekeka kwa mapaipi, komanso kulephera kuwongolera kutentha; chinyontho cha zinthu zopangira ndi chinthu china chomwe chimakhudza kutentha. Madzi opangidwa ndi zinthuzo ndi aakulu komanso osagwirizana. Panthawi yopanga, kutentha kwa mwala kumakhala kovuta kulamulira. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe aukadaulo wamakina oyatsira moto, kuthamanga kwa pampu yoperekera mafuta, komanso kuchuluka kwa jakisoni wamafuta zonse zimagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa kusakaniza. Kuvala, kutayikira kwa mpweya, kutsekeka ndi kulephera kwina kwa makina oyatsa kumapangitsa kuti zigawozo zisagwire ntchito yoyambirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutsika kwadongosolo, kusasunthika kwamafuta, kuyaka koyipa kwa atomization, komanso kukhudza kwambiri kutentha kwamphamvu. Choncho, ogwira ntchito odziwa ntchito ayenera kuweruza molondola ubwino wa mafuta, kuchuluka kwa kuuma ndi chinyezi cha zipangizo, ndi momwe ntchito yoyatsira imagwirira ntchito. Pezani zovuta ndikuchitapo kanthu molingana ndi nthawi. Ngakhale kuti zipangizo zamakono zomwe zimagwira ntchito zimatha kuwongolera kutentha, popeza zimatengera njira kuchokera ku kutentha kwa kutentha mpaka kuwonjezera ndi kuchotsa lawi lamoto kuti lisinthe kutentha, kutentha kumakhala ndi hysteresis. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha kwa malo osakanikirana sikukuwononga, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kutentha kwa kutentha ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, ndikuwonjezera kapena kuchepetsa moto kapena kuchepetsa kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuti athetse kutentha. kusintha, kotero kuti zotsatira zosintha zisapitirire Mitundu Yotchulidwa, potero kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa zinyalala.

(2) Kuwongolera kwa gradation kwa osakaniza: Kuphatikizika kwa osakaniza kumakhudza mwachindunji magwiridwe antchito apansi. Ngati kusakanikirana kwa kusakaniza kuli kosayenera, njirayo idzakhala ndi matenda ena monga porosity yaikulu kapena yaying'ono, kutsekemera kwa madzi, rutting, etc., kuchepetsa Moyo wautumiki wapanjira umakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la polojekitiyi. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera kagawo kakusakaniza ndi chimodzi mwamaluso omwe wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kukhala nawo. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kukwera kwa osakaniza ndi izi: kusintha kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono tazinthu zopangira, kusintha pazenera la malo osakanikirana, ndi kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zoyezera. The tinthu kukula kwa zipangizo mwachindunji zimakhudza gradation wa osakaniza. Zopangira zikapezeka kuti zasintha, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kugwirizana ndi labotale kuti akonze bwino chiŵerengero chosakanikirana chopanga. Kusintha kwa nsalu yotchinga yotentha mu malo osakanikirana ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza kukwera kwa osakaniza. Ngati chinsalu chatsekedwa ndipo zinthu zotentha sizinawonedwe mokwanira, kukwera kwake kumakhala bwino. Ngati chinsalucho chathyoledwa, chitawonongeka, chikutuluka, ndipo kuvala kumadutsa malire, kumapangitsa kuti kusakaniza kwapangidwe kukhala koopsa; cholakwika cha kuyeza kwa siteshoni yosakanikirana chidzakhudzanso kutsika. Ngati miyeso yolakwika yoyezera isinthidwa kwambiri, kupatuka pakati pa chiŵerengero chosakanikirana ndi chandamale kudzakhala kwakukulu, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la kusakaniza. Ngati muyeso wolakwika umasinthidwa kukhala wochepa kwambiri, nthawi yoyezera idzawonjezedwa ndipo zotsatira zake zidzakhudzidwa, ndipo muyesowo umadutsa malire, zomwe zidzakhudza kugwira ntchito kwanthawi zonse kwa malo osakaniza. Mwachidule, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kusintha kwa zipangizo zopangira, kuyang'ana zenera pafupipafupi, kupeza mavuto ndi kuwathetsa panthawi yake, ndikusintha miyeso kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri malinga ndi mawonekedwe a malo osakaniza ndi zinthu zina. Ganizirani mozama zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza gradation, kuti mutsimikizire kusakaniza kwa chiŵerengero cha osakaniza.

(3) Kulamulira kwa chiŵerengero cha asphalt-mwala wa osakaniza: Chiŵerengero cha phula-mwala wa phula losakaniza chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kukwera kwa mchere wa mchere ndi zomwe zili mu ufa. Ndilo chitsimikizo chofunikira cha mphamvu ya msewu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito. Zing'onozing'ono zidzayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana pamsewu.

Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera mosamalitsa kuchuluka kwa asphalt ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera kupanga. Othandizira ayenera kulabadira zotsatirazi popanga zinthu zingapo:

Panthawi yogwira ntchito, yesani kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa zolakwika za muyeso wa asphalt kuti muyeso wa asphalt ukhale wolondola momwe mungathere; kuchuluka kwa ufa wowonjezera kumakhudzanso
Choncho, kuyeza kwa ufa kuyeneranso kuyang'aniridwa mosamala; molingana ndi fumbi lomwe lili pagulu labwino, kutsegulira kwa fan yomwe idapangidwira iyenera kusinthidwa moyenera kuti fumbi lomwe lili muzosakaniza likhale mkati mwazojambula.

Pakumanga kwamakono, m'pofunika kukhala ndi zipangizo zamakono kuti zitsimikizire ubwino wa polojekitiyo, ndipo panthawi imodzimodziyo ayenera kukhala ndi njira zabwino zogwirira ntchito kuti zipangizozo zigwiritse ntchito bwino ubwino wake. Zida zapamwamba, mulingo wapamwamba kwambiri, kasamalidwe kapamwamba, zinthu zapadera, komanso zabwino kwambiri. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti ntchitoyi ikutha pa nthawi yake, yapamwamba komanso yosalala.