1. Disassembly, misonkhano ndi mayendedwe
Ntchito ya disassembly ndi msonkhano wa malo osakanikirana imagwiritsa ntchito gawo la kayendetsedwe ka ntchito, ndipo mapulani oyenerera amapangidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito kuti awonetsetse kuti njira yonse ya disassembly, hoisting, mayendedwe ndi kukhazikitsa ndi yotetezeka komanso yopanda ngozi. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tiyenera kugwiritsa ntchito mfundo zoyambira zazing'ono mpaka zazikulu, zosavuta poyamba zisanavutike, zoyambira tisanakhale okwera, choyamba zotumphukira kenako zokhala ndi alendo, ndi ndani amachotsa ndikuyika. Kuphatikiza apo, kuchuluka kwa kugwa kwa zida kuyenera kuyendetsedwa bwino kuti zikwaniritse zofunikira zokweza ndi zoyendetsa ndikusunga zida zolondola komanso magwiridwe antchito.

2. Kiyi yophatikizira
(1) Ntchito yokonzekera
Popeza siteshoni ya asphalt ndi yovuta komanso yayikulu, njira yolumikizirana ndi kusonkhana iyenera kupangidwa potengera malo ake ndi momwe zilili pamalopo asanayambe kutha ndi kusonkhana, komanso chidziwitso chokwanira komanso chachindunji chachitetezo chiyenera kuchitidwa kwa ogwira nawo ntchito. disassembly ndi msonkhano.

Musanaphatikize, mawonekedwe a zida za asphalt ndi zida zake ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndikulembetsedwa, ndipo momwe zidazo zimayendera ziyenera kujambulidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito pakukhazikitsa. Muyeneranso kugwira ntchito ndi wopanga kuti mudule ndikuchotsa mphamvu, madzi ndi mpweya wa zida, ndikukhetsa mafuta opaka, ozizira komanso oyeretsera.

Asanaphatikizepo, siteshoni ya asphalt iyenera kulembedwa ndi njira yofananira yozindikiritsa digito, ndipo zizindikiro zina ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa pazida zamagetsi. Zizindikiro ndi zizindikilo zosiyanasiyana zodulira zimayenera kukhala zomveka bwino komanso zolimba, ndipo zizindikilo zoikika ndi zoyezera sikelo zoyikira ziyenera kulembedwa pamalo oyenera.

(2) Njira yothyola
Mawaya ndi zingwe zonse zisadulidwe. Musanayambe kumasula zingwezo, mafananidwe atatu (nambala ya waya wamkati, nambala ya bolodi yotsiriza, ndi nambala ya waya yakunja) iyenera kupangidwa. Pokhapokha pamene chitsimikiziro chiri cholondola pamene mawaya ndi zingwe zingathetsedwe. Apo ayi, zizindikiro za nambala yawaya ziyenera kusinthidwa. Ulusi wochotsedwawo uyenera kuikidwa chizindikiro cholimba, ndipo ulusi wopanda zigamba uyenera kudulidwa usanathere.

Pofuna kuonetsetsa chitetezo chokwanira cha zipangizo, makina oyenerera ndi zida ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi ya disassembly, ndipo kuwononga kowononga sikuloledwa. Maboti ochotsedwa, mtedza ndi mapini oyika ayenera kuthiridwa mafuta ndikumangidwa nthawi yomweyo kapena kuyikanso pamalo omwe analipo kuti apewe chisokonezo ndi kutaya.

Zigawo zomwe zasokonekera ziyenera kutsukidwa ndikutetezedwa ndi dzimbiri munthawi yake, ndikusungidwa pa adilesi yomwe mwasankha. Zida zitatha kuphatikizidwa ndikusonkhanitsidwa, malo ndi zinyalala ziyenera kutsukidwa munthawi yake.

3. Kiyi yokweza
(1) Ntchito yokonzekera
Khazikitsani gulu losinthira zida za phula ndi zoyendera kuti likonzekere magawo osinthika ndi mayendedwe, kupereka malingaliro achitetezo pamachitidwe onyamula ndi kuyendetsa, ndikupanga dongosolo lokwezera. Yang'anani njira yonyamulira ndikumvetsetsa mtunda wa misewu yayikulu komanso zoletsa zapamwamba kwambiri komanso zazitali kwambiri pamagawo amisewu.

Oyendetsa ma crane ndi onyamula ayenera kukhala ndi ziphaso zapadera zogwirira ntchito ndikukhala ndi zaka zopitilira zitatu. Matani a crane akuyenera kukwaniritsa zofunikira za pulani yokwezera, kukhala ndi ziphaso zathunthu ndi ziphaso, ndikuwongolera dipatimenti yoyang'anira zaukadaulo yakuderalo. Slings ndi zofalitsa zimakwaniritsa zofunikira ndikudutsa kuwunika kwabwino. Zipangizo zoyendera ziyenera kukhala zabwinobwino, ndipo mbale zamalaisensi ndi ziphaso ziyenera kukhala zathunthu komanso zoyenerera.

(2) Kukweza ndi kutukula
Njira zoyendetsera chitetezo ziyenera kutsatiridwa mosamalitsa panthawi yokweza. Ntchito zokwezera pamalopo ziyenera kuyendetsedwa ndi munthu wodzipereka, ndipo anthu angapo sayenera kuwongolera. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, tidzakonzekeretsa oyang'anira chitetezo nthawi zonse kuti athetse zinthu zosatetezeka panthawi yake.

Ntchito zokweza pakanthawi zimayenera kupewedwa. Pofuna kupewa kuwononga zida panthawi yokweza, malo okwera oyenera ayenera kusankhidwa ndikukwezedwa pang'onopang'ono komanso mosamala. Njira zodzitetezera ziyenera kuchitidwa pamene chingwe chawaya chakhudzana ndi zida. Owombera ayenera kuvala zipewa zotetezera ndi malamba otetezera pamene akugwira ntchito pamtunda, ndipo kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwawo kuyenera kutsata malamulo a chitetezo.

Zida zomwe zapachikidwa pa kalavani ziyenera kumangidwa ndi zogona, katatu, zingwe zamawaya ndi unyolo wamanja kuti zisagwe paulendo.

(3) Maulendo apaulendo
Panthawi ya mayendedwe, gulu lotsimikizira zachitetezo lomwe lili ndi katswiri m'modzi wamagetsi, 2 onyamula mizere ndi woyang'anira chitetezo m'modzi ayenera kukhala ndi udindo wachitetezo chamayendedwe panthawi yamayendedwe. Gulu lotsimikizira zachitetezo liyenera kukhala ndi zida zofunikira komanso zida zowongolera njira kutsogolo kwa mayendedwe oyendera. Nambalani zombo musananyamuke ndipo tsatirani manambala paulendo. Ponyamula zida zomwe sizingagwe komanso zomwe voliyumu yake imaposa mtengo womwe watchulidwa, zizindikiro zazikulu ziyenera kukhazikitsidwa pamalo owonjezera, ndi mbendera zofiira zimapachikidwa masana ndipo magetsi ofiira amapachikidwa usiku.

Pachigawo chonse cha msewu, woyendetsa galimoto zokokerako ayenera kutsatira malangizo a gulu lotsimikizira za chitetezo, kutsatira malamulo apamsewu, kuyendetsa galimoto mosamala, ndi kuonetsetsa kuti pakuyenda bwino. Gulu lotsimikizira za chitetezo liyenera kuyang'ana ngati zidazo zili zolimba komanso ngati galimotoyo ili bwino. Ngati chiwopsezo chilichonse chikapezeka, chiyenera kuthetsedwa nthawi yomweyo kapena kulumikizana ndi woyang'anira. Sichiloledwa kuyendetsa galimoto ndi zovuta kapena zoopsa zachitetezo.

Osatsatira kwambiri galimotoyo pamene convoy ikuyenda. Pamisewu wamba, mtunda wotetezeka wa 100m uyenera kusamalidwa pakati pa magalimoto; m'misewu yayikulu, mtunda wotetezeka wa 200m uyenera kusamalidwa pakati pa magalimoto. Pamene convoy ikudutsa galimoto yoyenda pang'onopang'ono, dalaivala wa galimoto yodutsayo ayenera kukhala ndi udindo wofotokozera momwe msewu ulili kutsogolo kwa galimoto kumbuyo ndi kutsogolera galimoto kumbuyo kuti idutse. Osadutsa mokakamiza popanda kukonza misewu yomwe ili kutsogolo.

Zombozo zimatha kusankha malo abwino oti mupumule kwakanthawi molingana ndi momwe magalimoto amayendera. Ikayimitsidwa kwakanthawi m'misewu yapamsewu, kufunsa mayendedwe, ndi zina zotero, dalaivala ndi okwera pagalimoto iliyonse saloledwa kusiya galimotoyo. Galimoto ikayimitsidwa kwakanthawi, imayenera kuyatsa nyali zake zowunikira kawiri ngati chenjezo, ndipo magalimoto ena ali ndi udindo wokumbutsa dalaivala kusankha liwiro loyenera.

4. Chinsinsi cha kukhazikitsa
(1) Zokonda zoyambira
Konzani malo molingana ndi dongosolo la pansi la zida kuti muwonetsetse kulowa bwino komanso kutuluka kwa magalimoto onse. Mabowo a nangula a miyendo ya nyumba yosakaniza zipangizo ayenera kusuntha moyenera m'mabowo a maziko kuti asinthe malo a miyendo. Gwiritsani ntchito zida zonyamulira zoyenera kuti muyike zotulukapo, ndikuyikapo ndodo zolumikizira pamwamba pa zotulutsa. Thirani matope mu dzenje la maziko. Simenti ikaumitsa, ikani ma washers ndi mtedza pazitsulo za nangula ndikumangitsa miyendo m'malo mwake.

(2) Zida ndi zipangizo
Kuti muyike nsanja yapansi, gwiritsani ntchito crane kuti mukweze nsanja yapansi ya nyumbayo kuti igwere pa otuluka. Ikani zikhomo pa zotuluka mu mabowo ofanana pansi pa nsanja ndi kuteteza mabawuti.

Ikani chikepe cha zinthu zotentha ndikukweza chikepe cha zinthu zotentha kuti chikhale choyimirira, kenaka ikani pansi pa maziko ndikuyika ndodo zothandizira ndi mabawuti kuti zisagwedezeke ndi kuzungulira. Kenako gwirizanitsani chute yake yotulutsira ndi doko lolumikizira pa chivundikiro chosindikizira cha fumbi la chinsalu chogwedezeka.

Ikani ng'oma yowumitsa. Kwezani ng'oma yowumitsa m'malo ndikuyika miyendo ndi ndodo zothandizira. Tsegulani chivundikiro chotsekera fumbi pa chikepe cha zinthu zotentha, ndikulumikiza chute yotulutsa mu ng'oma yowumitsa ndi chute ya chakudya cha chikepe cha zinthu zotentha. Posintha kutalika kwa miyendo yotanuka kumapeto kwa chakudya cha ng'oma yowumitsa, mbali yopendekera ya ng'oma yowumitsa imasinthidwa m'malo mwake. Kwezani chowotchera ku flange yoyika ndikumangitsa mabawuti oyikapo, ndikusintha kuti ikhale yoyenera.

Ikani cholumikizira lamba wokhotakhota ndi zenera lonjenjemera ndikukweza cholumikizira lamba wokhotakhota m'malo mwake kuti chilumikizane ndi ng'oma yowumitsa. Mukayika chinsalu chogwedezeka, malo ake ayenera kuwongoleredwa kuti zinthu zisasunthike, ndikuwonetsetsa kuti chotchinga chogwedezeka chimapendekeka pamakona ofunikira mbali yautali.

Kuti muyike chigawo chilichonse cha dongosolo la asphalt, kwezani mpope wa asphalt ndi chassis yodziyimira pawokha, polumikizani chipangizocho ku thanki yotchinjiriza phula ndi gulu la zida zosakanikirana, ndikuyika valavu yotulutsa m'munsi mwa payipi yolowera pampu ya asphalt. Mapaipi oyendera phula ayenera kuyikidwa pamakona, ndipo mbali yake yopendekera iyenera kukhala yosachepera 5 ° kuti phula lizitha kuyenda bwino. Mukayika mapaipi a asphalt, kutalika kwawo kuyenera kuonetsetsa kuti magalimoto omwe ali pansi pawo akuyenda bwino.

Valavu yanjira zitatu ili pamwamba pa asphalt yolemera hopper. Musanakhazikitse, chotsani tambala pa valavu, ikani chisindikizo chosalala chofanana ndi ndodo mu thupi la valve, chiyikeni kumbuyo ndikumangitsa tambala.

Mawaya ndi kukhazikitsa zida zamagetsi ziyenera kuchitidwa ndi akatswiri amagetsi oyenerera.

5. Chinsinsi chosungira
Ngati zidazo ziyenera kuzimitsidwa kwa nthawi yayitali kuti zisungidwe, malowo ayenera kukonzedwa ndikuwongolera asanasungidwe kuti njira zomwe zikubwera ndi zotuluka zisakhale bwino.

Musanasunge zipangizozi, ntchito zotsatirazi ziyenera kuchitidwa ngati pakufunika: kuchotsa dzimbiri, mtolo ndi kuphimba zipangizo, komanso kuyang'ana, kuyang'ana, kusunga ndi kuteteza makina onse omanga, zida zoyesera, zipangizo zoyeretsera ndi zotetezera ntchito; tulutsani zida zosanganikirana Zida zonse mkati; kudula magetsi kuti zida zisayambike mwangozi; gwiritsani ntchito tepi yoteteza kumangirira tepi yooneka ngati V, ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta kuti muvale tcheni chotumizira ndi ma bolt osinthika;

Kuteteza dongosolo gasi malinga ndi zofunikira za gasi dongosolo malangizo; tsegulani potulutsiramo potulutsira m’ng’oma woumitsira utsi kuti madzi a mvula asalowemo. Panthawi yosungiramo zipangizo, munthu wodzipatulira ayenera kusankhidwa kuti aziyang’anira zipangizozo, aziyeretsa ndi kukonza nthawi zonse, komanso azisunga zolemba.