Kodi mungakhale bwanji woyang'anira malo osakanikirana ndi asphalt? Choyamba, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kukhala waluso pamapangidwe ndi mfundo zogwirira ntchito za gawo lililonse la malo osakanikirana. Pazifukwa izi, mosamalitsa kulamulira zonse kupanga, makamaka dongosolo metering, chifukwa khalidwe metering ntchito mwachindunji zimakhudza khalidwe la osakaniza phula. Zizindikiro zaukadaulo.
Ponena za dongosolo la kuyeza miyala, ziyenera kudziwidwa kuti:
(1) Sungani chitseko chilichonse chotulutsira chotseguka ndi kutseka mosinthasintha komanso mwachangu;
(2) Doko lililonse lotayira liyenera kukhala loyera komanso lopanda dothi kuonetsetsa kuti mwala ukhoza kutsika mwachangu komanso molingana pakuyezera;
(3) Khomo lililonse lotulutsa liyenera kutsekedwa mwachangu ndikusindikizidwa bwino. Sipayenera kukhala kutayikira kwa zinthu kumapeto kwa muyeso umodzi wazinthu;
(4) Dera lozungulira pophatikizira choyezera chitsulocho liyenera kukhala loyera ndipo sipayenera kukhala chinthu chachilendo chopewera kutsekereza hopper. Choyikapo choyezera choyezera chimayenera kuyimitsidwa nthawi zonse;
(5) Kulowetsedwa kwa selo lililonse lamtundu uliwonse kuyenera kukhala koyenera, mphamvu iyenera kukhala yosasinthasintha, ndipo kulowetsedwa kuyenera kukhala kovutirapo.
Pamakina owerengera ufa, mfundo zotsatirazi ziyenera kuzindikirika:
(1) Sungani payipi yopatsira ufa kukhala yosalala komanso yopanda kutsekeka kulikonse;
(2) Wodyetsa kapena valavu ayenera kusindikizidwa mwamphamvu ndipo palibe ufa umene uyenera kutuluka pamene muyeso watha;
(3) Nthawi zambiri chotsani fumbi ndi zinyalala pa ufa metering hopper kuti ukhale woyera;
(4) Dongosolo lonse la metering liyenera kusindikizidwa bwino kuti ufa usakhale wonyowa ndi kugwa;
(5) Mulingo wa ufa uyenera kutulutsidwa bwino, ndipo pasakhale ufa wotsalira mkati mwa sikelo. Khomo lotulutsa liyenera kutsekedwa mwamphamvu, ndipo pasadakhale ufa uyenera kutuluka pakuyezera.
Samalani zotsatirazi pamakina a asphalt metering:
(1) Asanayambe kupanga, payipi iyenera kutenthedwa mokwanira kuti iwonetsetse kuti kutentha kwa asphalt mu dongosolo kumafika pamtengo wotchulidwa;
(2) Chitoliro chopopera phula chiyenera kukhala choyera komanso chosalala, ndipo gawo la nozzle siliyenera kutsekedwa, apo ayi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kudzakhala kosiyana ndipo zotsatira zosakanikirana zidzakhudzidwa;
(3) Pampu yopopera phula kapena valavu yotsegulira iyenera kutsekedwa mwamphamvu kuti zitsimikizire kuti palibe kudontha pambuyo popopera phula kutsirizidwa;
(4) Zochita za valve yosinthira zitsulo za asphalt ziyenera kukhala zolondola komanso zanthawi yake, ndipo kusindikiza kuyenera kukhala kwabwino. Mgolo wa asphalt metering uyenera kupachikidwa mwamphamvu komanso mosinthasintha.
Pa dongosolo lonse la metering la chomera chosakaniza phula, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kuyang'ana pafupipafupi. Yang'anani ngati sikelo iliyonse yoyezera yayimitsidwa kotheratu komanso ngati pali chotsatira chomamatira. Onani ngati sensa iliyonse yoyezera ikugwira ntchito bwino komanso ngati kulowetsako kuli tcheru. Tsimikizirani pafupipafupi kuti mtengo wowonetsedwa ukhale wogwirizana ndi mtengo wake. Ngati vuto lililonse likupezeka, lithetseni nthawi yake kuti muwonetsetse kuti njira yoyezera nthawi zonse imakhala yabwino.
Kachiwiri, wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kudziunjikira zambiri ndikutha kuwoneratu zolephera zamakina ambiri ndikuthetsa ndikuchotsa zoopsa zobisika posachedwa. Cholakwika chikachitika, chiyenera kuweruzidwa molondola ndikuchotsedwa munthawi yake kuti zitsimikizire kugwiritsa ntchito bwino makinawo. Kuti izi zitheke, kuwonjezera pakusunga makina munthawi yake molingana ndi malamulo, woyendetsa ayeneranso kuchita izi:
(1) Wogwiritsa ntchito amayenera kulondera pafupipafupi, kuyang'ana mosamala, ndi kuyang'ana mosamala mbali zomwe zimasunthidwa pafupipafupi. Yang'anani ngati kugwirizana kuli kotayirira, ngati mafuta odzola ndi abwino, ngati kayendetsedwe kake kamakhala kosavuta, kaya pali kuvala kwachilendo, ndi zina zotero, ndikuthana ndi mavuto aliwonse panthawi yake;
(2) Pamene malo osanganikirana akuzungulira, mvetserani ndi makutu anu, lingalirani ndi mtima wanu, ndipo mvetsetsani mawu aliwonse. Ngati pali zomveka zosamveka bwino. Ndikofunikira kudziwa chifukwa chake ndikuthana nazo moyenera;
(3) Muzidziwa fungo la zinthu zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, ngati kutentha kwa mafuta kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kutentha kwazitsulo kumapitirira malire, mabwalo ndi zipangizo zamagetsi zimakhala zofupikitsidwa ndikuwotchedwa, kutenthedwa chifukwa cha mikangano yachilendo, zipangizo zamagetsi ndi mabwalo zimadzaza kwambiri ndipo zimayambitsa kutentha kwakukulu, etc. adzatulutsa fungo losiyanasiyana. Kupyolera mu fungo losiyana, kulephera pang'ono kungayembekezeredwenso.
Mwachidule, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa maonekedwe ndi mtundu wake, kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zosiyanasiyana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana kuti amvetse kusintha kulikonse kwachilendo, kusanthula mosamala, kupeza zifukwa, ndi kupeza zoopsa zobisika. Chifukwa cha mapangidwe ovuta a malo osakaniza, pali mitundu yambiri ya zigawo, kuphatikizapo magetsi ndi magetsi oyendetsa magetsi, machitidwe operekera phula, makina oyatsira moto, makina owerengera, makina ochotsera fumbi, ndi zina zotero. magawo ndikuweruza molondola ndikuchotsa zolakwika zonse munthawi yochepa. Chifukwa chake, ngati mukufuna kukhala wogwiritsa ntchito bwino, muyenera kuyang'anira mosamala, kuganiza pafupipafupi, kunena mwachidule mosamala, ndikudziunjikira zokumana nazo nthawi zonse. Kuphatikiza apo, kuwonjezera pa kukhala odziwa bwino zida, ogwira ntchito akuyeneranso kukhala ndi chidziwitso chowongolera khalidwe lazinthu. Ndiko kunena kuti, iwo amadziwa kutentha, mafuta-mwala chiŵerengero, gradation, etc. wa osakaniza phula, ndipo akhoza kupanga ziweruzo luso pa osakaniza ndi luso, ndi kusanthula ndi kuthetsa mavuto osakaniza mu nthawi yake.
(1) Kuwongolera kutentha kwa osakaniza:
Kutentha kwa kusakaniza ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira pakuwunika koyenerera kwa osakaniza. Ngati kutentha kuli kokwera kwambiri kapena kutsika kwambiri, kumakhala kowonongeka ndipo sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito. Choncho, momwe mungachepetsere kutentha ndi chimodzi mwazofunikira zomwe ogwira ntchito ayenera kukhala nazo.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kutentha kwa osakaniza zimaphatikizapo mtundu wamafuta. Ngati mafuta ali otsika, mtengo wa calorific ndi wotsika, ndipo kuyaka sikukwanira, kumapangitsa kuti mwalawo ukhale wosakhazikika, kutentha kudzakhala kochepa, ndipo zotsalira za kuyaka zidzakhalabe mu osakaniza, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la osakaniza. Ngati kukhuthala kwa mafuta ndikwambiri, zonyansa zimakhala zambiri, ndipo madzi amakhala ochuluka. Zidzayambitsa zovuta kuyatsa, kutsekeka kwa mapaipi, ndi kuwongolera kutentha. Chinyezi cha zipangizo ndi chinthu china chomwe chimakhudza kutentha. Zopangira zimakhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu komanso chosafanana. Panthawi yopanga, kutentha kwa kutentha kwa mwala kumakhala kovuta kulamulira. Kuphatikiza apo, luso laukadaulo wamakina oyatsira moto, kupanikizika kwa pampu yoperekera mafuta, komanso kuchuluka kwa jekeseni wamafuta zonse zimagwirizana ndi kutentha kwa kusakaniza. Zolephera monga kuvala, kutuluka kwa mpweya, ndi kutsekeka kwa makina oyaka moto zimalepheretsa gawo lililonse kuti lisamagwire ntchito yake yoyambirira, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kutsika kwadongosolo, kusakhazikika kwamafuta, kuyaka kosakwanira kwa atomization, komanso kukhudza kwambiri kutentha koyambitsa.
Choncho, ogwira ntchito odziwa ntchito ayenera kuweruza molondola ubwino wa mafuta, kuuma ndi kunyowa kwa zipangizo zopangira, komanso momwe ntchito yoyatsira imagwirira ntchito. Chitani zinthu zoyenera mwamsanga mavuto akapezeka. Ngakhale zida zosakanikirana zamasiku ano zili ndi mphamvu zowongolera kutentha, kuwongolera kutentha kumakhala kocheperako chifukwa kumafuna njira kuchokera pakuzindikira kutentha mpaka kuwonjezera ndikuchotsa malawi kuti musinthe kutentha. Pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti malo osanganikirana kutentha sakuwononga, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kusintha kwa kutentha, kulosera zotsatira za kusintha kwa kutentha pasadakhale, ndikuwonjezera pamanja kapena kuchepetsa lawi lamoto kapena kuonjezera kapena kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chakudya kuti athe kuwongolera. kusintha kwa kutentha kotero kuti zotsatira za kusintha Musapitirire mndandanda womwe watchulidwa, potero kuchepetsa kapena kuthetsa zinyalala.
(2) Kuwongolera magiredi osakaniza:
Kukwera kwa osakaniza kumakhudza mwachindunji ntchito ya msewu. Ngati kusakanikirana kwa kusakaniza sikuli koyenera, njirayo idzadwala matenda ena monga chiŵerengero chokulirapo kapena chaching'ono chopanda kanthu, kutsekemera kwa madzi, kupukuta, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zidzachepetse moyo wautumiki wapanjira ndikukhudza kwambiri khalidwe la polojekitiyo. Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera kagawo kakusakaniza ndi chimodzi mwamaluso omwe wogwiritsa ntchito ayenera kukhala nawo.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kusakanikirana kwa osakaniza ndi izi: kusintha kwa kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, kusintha kwa mawonekedwe osakanikirana, kuchuluka kwa zolakwika zoyezera, etc.
The tinthu kukula kwa zipangizo mwachindunji zimakhudza gradation wa osakaniza. Zosintha zikapezeka, wogwiritsa ntchitoyo ayenera kugwirizana ndi labotale kuti akonze bwino chiŵerengero chosakanikirana chopanga. Kusintha kwa nsalu yotchinga yotentha mu malo osakaniza ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza kukwera kwa osakaniza. Ngati chinsalucho chatsekedwa ndipo zinthu zotentha sizinawonedwe mokwanira, kutsikako kumakhala kochepa kwambiri. Ngati chinsalucho chathyoledwa, chitawonongeka, chadontha, kapena kuvala kupyola malire, , chidzapangitsa kuti chisakanizocho chikhale chokwera kwambiri; kulakwitsa kwa miyeso ya malo osakanikirana kumakhudzanso kutsika. Ngati muyeso wolakwika umasinthidwa kukhala waukulu kwambiri, chiŵerengero chosakanikirana cha kupanga chidzachoka kwambiri ku chiŵerengero cha kusakaniza chandamale, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri khalidwe la kusakaniza. Ngati miyeso yolakwika ikasinthidwa kukhala yaying'ono kwambiri, imawonjezera nthawi yoyezera ndikukhudza zomwe zatuluka. Zidzapangitsanso kuti muyeso upitirire kupitirira malirewo ndikukhudza ntchito yachibadwa ya malo osakaniza.
Mwachidule, wogwira ntchitoyo ayenera kuyang'anitsitsa kusintha kwa zipangizo zopangira, kuyang'ana chinsalu pafupipafupi, kuthetsa mavuto panthawi yake, ndikusintha miyeso kuti ikhale yabwino kwambiri malinga ndi mawonekedwe a malo osakaniza ndi zinthu zina. Ganizirani mosamalitsa zinthu zina zomwe zimakhudza gradation kuti mutsimikizire kusakanikirana kwa kusakaniza kwa jet mphero.
(3) Kuwongolera kuchuluka kwamafuta ndi miyala ya osakaniza:
Chiyerekezo cha asphalt-mwala wa asphalt chimatsimikiziridwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mchere ndi zomwe zili mu ufa. Ndilo chitsimikizo chofunikira cha mphamvu ya msewu ndi momwe zimagwirira ntchito. phula wochuluka kapena wochepa kwambiri umayambitsa matenda osiyanasiyana pamsewu.
Chifukwa chake, kuwongolera mosamalitsa kuchuluka kwa asphalt ndi gawo lofunikira pakuwongolera kupanga. Othandizira akuyenera kulabadira zinthu izi popanga:
Panthawi yogwira ntchito, yesetsani kusintha zolakwika za muyeso wa asphalt pang'ono momwe mungathere kuti mukwaniritse muyeso wabwino kwambiri wa asphalt; kuchuluka kwa ufa wowonjezera ndi chinthu chofunika kwambiri chomwe chimakhudza chiwerengero cha asphalt-stone, kotero kuti muyeso wa ufa uyeneranso kuyang'aniridwa mosamala; molingana ndi fumbi lamagulu abwino, pangani zosintha zomveka Kutsegula kwa fan yomwe imapangidwira kumatsimikizira kuti fumbi losakanikirana liri mkati mwa mapangidwe.
