Zoyatsira zokha zokha zapangidwa kukhala zowotcha zingapo monga zoyatsira mafuta opepuka, zoyatsira mafuta olemera, zoyatsira gasi, ndi zoyatsira mafuta ndi gasi. Kusankhidwa koyenera ndi kukonza zowotcha kumatha kupulumutsa ndalama zambiri ndikuwonjezera moyo wamagetsi oyaka. M'zaka zaposachedwa, poyang'anizana ndi kuchepa kwa phindu chifukwa cha kukwera kwa mitengo yamafuta, amalonda ambiri ophatikizira phula ayamba kufunafuna mafuta ena oyenera kuti apititse patsogolo mpikisano wawo. Makina opangira misewu nthawi zonse akhala akukondera kugwiritsa ntchito zoyatsira magetsi opangira magetsi a geothermal chifukwa chapadera za momwe amagwirira ntchito komanso malo omwe amagwiritsa ntchito. M'zaka zingapo zapitazi, mafuta opepuka ankagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati mafuta akuluakulu, koma chifukwa cha kukwera kwachangu kwamitengo chifukwa cha kukwera kosalekeza kwa mitengo yamafuta opepuka, ambiri aiwo akhala akukondera pakugwiritsa ntchito zoyatsira zolemera kwambiri m'zaka zaposachedwa. . Tsopano kufananiza kwa bajeti yamitundu yopepuka komanso yolemetsa yamafuta kumapangidwira: Mwachitsanzo, zida zosakaniza za phula la 3000 zimakhala ndi matani 1,800 tsiku lililonse ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito masiku 120 pachaka, ndikutulutsa kwapachaka kwa 1,800 × 120＝ 216,000 matani. Kungoganiza kuti kutentha kwapakati ndi 20 °, kutentha kwamadzi ndi 160 °, chinyezi chonse ndi 5%, ndipo kufunikira kwamafuta amtundu wabwino ndi pafupifupi 7kg/t, kugwiritsa ntchito mafuta pachaka ndi 216000 × 7/ 1000＝1512t.
Mtengo wa dizilo (wowerengedwa mu June 2005): 4500 yuan/t, miyezi inayi mtengo 4500×1512＝6804,000 yuan.
Mtengo wamafuta olemera: 1800～2400 yuan/t, miyezi inayi mtengo 1800×1512＝2721,600 yuan kapena 2400×1512＝3628,800 yuan. Kugwiritsa ntchito zoyatsira mafuta olemera m'miyezi inayi kumatha kupulumutsa 4082,400 yuan kapena 3175,200 yuan.
Pamene kufunikira kwa mafuta kumasintha, zofunikira zamawotcha zimakweranso. Kuchita bwino kwa kuyatsa, kuyaka bwino kwambiri, komanso kusintha kwakukulu nthawi zambiri ndi zolinga zomwe zimatsatiridwa ndi magawo osiyanasiyana omanga ma crane. Komabe, pali ambiri opanga ma burner okhala ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana. Pokhapokha posankha zoyenera zomwe zili pamwambazi zingatheke.

[1] Kusankha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya zowotcha
1.1 Zowotcha zimagawidwa kukhala kuthamanga kwa atomization, atomization yapakati, ndi rotary cup atomization malinga ndi njira ya atomization.
(1) Pressure atomization ndikunyamula mafuta kupita ku nozzle kudzera papampu yothamanga kwambiri kuti atomization ndikusakaniza ndi okosijeni kuti uyake. Makhalidwe ake ndi atomization yunifolomu, ntchito yosavuta, zochepa zogwiritsira ntchito, komanso zotsika mtengo. Pakalipano, makina ambiri omanga misewu amagwiritsa ntchito mtundu uwu wa atomization.
(2) Atomization yapakatikati ndikukankhira 5 mpaka 8 kg ya mpweya wothinikizidwa kapena nthunzi yopanikizidwa mpaka kumapeto kwa nozzle ndikusakaniza ndi mafuta kuti uyake. Chikhalidwe chake ndi chakuti mafuta ofunikira sakhala okwera (monga mafuta osauka monga mafuta otsalira), koma pali zowonjezera zambiri ndipo mtengo wake ukuwonjezeka. Pakali pano, makampani opanga misewu samagwiritsa ntchito makina otere. (3) Atomize ya kapu ya rotary ndikupangitsa mafutawo kudzera pa disk yothamanga kwambiri ya kapu (pafupifupi 6000 rpm). Ikhoza kuwotcha mafuta osauka, monga mafuta otsalira a viscosity. Komabe, chitsanzocho ndi chokwera mtengo, kapu yozungulira disk ndi yosavuta kuvala, ndipo zofunikira zowonongeka ndizokwera kwambiri. Pakadali pano, makina amtunduwu sagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina opangira misewu. 1.2 Zoyatsira zitha kugawidwa muzowotcha zamtundu wamfuti zophatikizika ndi zoyatsira zamtundu wamfuti molingana ndi kapangidwe ka makina.
(1) Zowotchera zamtundu wamfuti zophatikizika ndi kuphatikiza kwa injini yamoto, pampu yamafuta, chassis ndi zida zina zowongolera. Amadziwika ndi kakulidwe kakang'ono ndi kusintha kochepa, kawirikawiri 1: 2.5. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito makina oyatsira magetsi amphamvu kwambiri. Ndiotsika mtengo, koma ali ndi zofunika kwambiri pamtundu wamafuta ndi chilengedwe. Chowotcha chamtunduwu chikhoza kusankhidwa pazida zomwe zimakhala ndi zosakwana 120t / h ndi mafuta a dizilo, monga German "Weishuo".
(2) Zowotcha zamtundu wamfuti ndi kuphatikiza kwa injini yayikulu, fani, gulu la mpope wamafuta ndi zida zowongolera kukhala njira zinayi zodziyimira pawokha. Iwo yodziwika ndi lalikulu kukula ndi mkulu linanena bungwe mphamvu. Nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito njira zoyatsira gasi. Chiŵerengero chosintha ndi chachikulu, nthawi zambiri 1: 4 mpaka 1: 6, ndipo imatha kufika pa 1:10. Amakhala ndi phokoso lochepa ndipo ali ndi zofunikira zochepa pamtundu wamafuta ndi chilengedwe. Chowotcha chamtunduwu nthawi zambiri chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga misewu kunyumba ndi kunja, monga British "Parker", Japanese "Tanaka" ndi Italian "ABS". 1.3 Mapangidwe a chowotcha
Zowotchera zokha zitha kugawidwa m'magawo operekera mpweya, makina operekera mafuta, makina owongolera ndi makina oyatsira.
(1) Njira yoperekera mpweya wokwanira mpweya wokwanira uyenera kuperekedwa kuti uyake kwathunthu mafuta. Mafuta osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za mpweya. Mwachitsanzo, mpweya wa 15.7m3/h uyenera kuperekedwa kuti uyake wathunthu wa kilogalamu iliyonse ya No. 0 dizilo pansi pa kuthamanga kwa mpweya. 15m3/h mpweya uyenera kuperekedwa kuti uyake kwathunthu mafuta olemera okhala ndi mtengo wa calorific wa 9550Kcal/Kg.
(2) Makina opangira mafuta Malo oyenera kuyaka ndi malo osakanikirana ayenera kuperekedwa kuti azitha kuyaka kwathunthu kwamafuta. Njira zoperekera mafuta zimatha kugawidwa kukhala zopatsa mphamvu komanso zopatsa mphamvu zochepa. Pakati pawo, zowotcha za atomizing zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zoperekera zothamanga kwambiri zomwe zimafunikira 15 mpaka 28 bar. Zowotchera za kapu ya rotary zimagwiritsa ntchito njira zochepetsera zotsika komanso zokakamiza za 5 mpaka 8 bar. Pakadali pano, njira yoperekera mafuta pamakina opangira misewu nthawi zambiri imagwiritsa ntchito njira zopatsa mphamvu kwambiri. (3) Dongosolo loyang'anira Chifukwa cha momwe amagwirira ntchito, makina opangira misewu amagwiritsa ntchito zoyatsira zomwe zimayendetsedwa ndi makina komanso njira zoyendetsera bwino. (4) Dongosolo la kuyaka Mawonekedwe a lawi ndi kukwanira kwa kuyaka kumatengera dongosolo la kuyaka. Kuzama kwa lawi lamoto nthawi zambiri kumafunika kusaposa 1.6m, ndipo ndikwabwino kuwongolera mokulirapo, nthawi zambiri kumakhala pafupifupi 1:4 mpaka 1:6. Ngati kuchuluka kwa lawi lamoto kuli kwakukulu kwambiri, kumayambitsa ma depositi a carbon pa ng'oma ya ng'anjo. Lawi lalitali kwambiri limapangitsa kutentha kwa gasi wotuluka kupitilira muyezo ndikuwononga thumba lafumbi. Idzawotchanso zinthuzo kapena kupanga nsalu yotchinga yodzaza ndi madontho amafuta. Tengani malo athu osakaniza amtundu wa 2000 monga chitsanzo: m'mimba mwake wa ng'oma yowumitsa ndi 2.2m ndipo kutalika kwake ndi 7.7m, kotero kuti m'mimba mwake lawilo sangakhale wamkulu kuposa 1.5m, ndipo kutalika kwa lawi kumatha kusinthidwa mosasamala mkati mwa 2.5 mpaka 4.5m. .

[2] Kusamalira Zowotcha
(1) Valve Yowongolera Kupanikizika Yang'anani pafupipafupi valavu yowongolera mafuta kapena valavu yochepetsera kuthamanga kuti muwone ngati pamwamba pa nati yotsekera pa bawuti yosinthika ndi yoyera komanso yochotseka. Ngati pamwamba pa screw kapena nati ndi yakuda kwambiri kapena dzimbiri, valavu yowongolera iyenera kukonzedwa kapena kusinthidwa. (2) Pampu ya Mafuta Yang'anani nthawi zonse pampu yamafuta kuti muwone ngati chipangizo chosindikizira chilibe ndipo kupanikizika kwamkati kuli kokhazikika, ndikulowetsani chipangizo chosindikizira chomwe chawonongeka kapena chotuluka. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mafuta otentha, fufuzani ngati mapaipi onse amafuta ali otetezedwa bwino. (3) Zosefera zomwe zimayikidwa pakati pa tanki yamafuta ndi pampu yamafuta ziyenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse ndikuwonetsetsa kuti zawonongeka kwambiri kuti zitsimikizire kuti mafuta amatha kufikira pampu yamafuta bwino kuchokera ku tanki yamafuta ndikuchepetsa kuthekera kwa kulephera kwa gawo. Zosefera zamtundu wa "Y" pa chowotcha ziyenera kutsukidwa pafupipafupi, makamaka mukamagwiritsa ntchito mafuta olemera kapena otsalira, kuti mphuno ndi valavu zisatseke. Pogwira ntchito, yang'anani mphamvu yopimira pa chowotcha kuti muwone ngati ili mkati mwanthawi zonse. (4) Kwa zoyatsira zomwe zimafuna mpweya woponderezedwa, yang'anani chipangizo choponderezedwa kuti muwone ngati mphamvu yofunikira yapangidwa mu chowotchera, yeretsani zosefera zonse papaipi yoperekera ndikuwona payipi ngati ikutha. (5) Onani ngati chipangizo chotetezera cholowera pamoto ndi chowuzira mpweya cha atomizing chayikidwa bwino, komanso ngati nyumba yowomberayo yawonongeka komanso yopanda kutayikira. Yang'anani ntchito ya masamba. Ngati phokoso liri lalikulu kwambiri kapena kugwedezeka kuli kwakukulu, sinthani masambawo kuti athetse. Kwa chowombeza chomwe chimayendetsedwa ndi pulley, thirirani mafuta nthawi zonse ndikumangitsani malamba kuti muwonetsetse kuti chowomberacho chikhoza kutulutsa mphamvu yake. Yeretsani ndi kuthira mafuta pa valavu ya mpweya kuti muwone ngati ntchitoyo ndi yosalala. Ngati pali chopinga chilichonse pakugwiritsa ntchito, sinthani zowonjezera. Dziwani ngati kuthamanga kwa mphepo kukukwaniritsa zofunikira zogwirira ntchito. Mphepo yotsika kwambiri imayambitsa moto wobwerera m'mbuyo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbale yolondolerayo itenthetse kutsogolo kwa ng'oma ndi mbale yochotsera zinthu m'malo oyaka. Kuthamanga kwambiri kwa mphepo kungayambitse kutentha kwakukulu, kutentha kwa thumba kapena kuwotcha.
(6) Injector yamafuta iyenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse ndipo kusiyana kwa ma elekitirodi oyatsira kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa (pafupifupi 3mm).
(7) Yeretsani chowunikira chamoto (diso lamagetsi) pafupipafupi kuti muwone ngati malowo adayikidwa bwino komanso kutentha kuli koyenera. Malo osayenera ndi kutentha kwakukulu kungayambitse zizindikiro zosakhazikika za photoelectric kapena ngakhale kulephera kwa moto.

[3] Kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera mafuta oyaka
Mafuta oyatsa amagawidwa kukhala mafuta opepuka ndi mafuta olemetsa molingana ndi ma viscosity osiyanasiyana. Mafuta opepuka amatha kupeza zotsatira zabwino za atomization popanda kutentha. Mafuta olemera kapena otsalira ayenera kutenthedwa musanagwiritse ntchito kuti muwonetsetse kuti kukhuthala kwa mafuta kuli mkati mwazovomerezeka. Viscometer ingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza zotsatira ndikupeza kutentha kwa kutentha kwa mafuta. Mafuta otsalira a mafuta ayenera kutumizidwa ku labotale pasadakhale kuti ayese calorie yake.
Pambuyo pa mafuta olemera kapena otsalira agwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi, chowotchacho chiyenera kuyang'aniridwa ndi kusinthidwa. Chowunikira cha gasi choyaka chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kuti muwone ngati mafutawo adawotchedwa. Nthawi yomweyo, ng'oma yowumitsa ndi sefa ya thumba iyenera kufufuzidwa kuti muwone ngati pali nkhungu yamafuta kapena fungo lamafuta kuti musatseke moto ndi mafuta. Kuchuluka kwa mafuta pa atomizer kumawonjezeka pamene mafuta akuwonongeka, choncho ayenera kutsukidwa nthawi zonse.
Mukamagwiritsa ntchito mafuta otsala, potulutsiramo mafuta a tanki yosungiramo mafuta azikhala pafupifupi masentimita 50 kuchokera pansi kuti madzi ndi zinyalala zoyikidwa pansi pa thanki yamafuta zisalowe mupaipi yamafuta. Mafuta asanalowe mu chowotcha, ayenera kusefedwa ndi fyuluta ya 40-mesh. Makina oyezera kuthamanga kwamafuta amayikidwa mbali zonse za fyulutayo kuti awonetsetse kuti fyulutayo ikugwira ntchito bwino ndikuizindikira ndikuyiyeretsa munthawi yomwe yatsekedwa.
Kuonjezera apo, ntchitoyo ikamalizidwa, chowotcha chowotcha chiyenera kuzimitsidwa poyamba, ndiyeno kutentha kwakukulu kwa mafuta kuyenera kuzimitsidwa. Makinawo akatsekedwa kwa nthawi yayitali kapena nyengo yozizira, valavu yozungulira mafuta iyenera kusinthidwa ndipo dera lamafuta liyenera kutsukidwa ndi mafuta opepuka, apo ayi zipangitsa kuti dera lamafuta litsekedwe kapena kuvutikira kuyatsa.

[４] Mapeto
Pachitukuko chofulumira cha zomangamanga misewu yayikulu, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino njira yoyaka moto sikungowonjezera moyo wautumiki wa zida zamakina, komanso kumachepetsa mtengo wa polojekiti ndikupulumutsa ndalama zambiri ndi mphamvu.