[1]. EVA yosinthidwa phula EVA imagwirizana bwino ndi phula ndipo imatha kusungunuka ndi kumwazikana mu phula lotentha popanda mphero ya colloid kapena makina ometa ubweya wambiri, kupangitsa kuti ikhale yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito.
M’zaka zaposachedwapa, ntchito zopaka phula ku Africa zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kaŵirikaŵiri, motero anzawo apanyumba akukumbutsidwa kulabadira.
[2]. High mamasukidwe akayendedwe, mkulu elasticity ndi mkulu kulimba kusinthidwa phula. Kuyezetsa kukhuthala kwa phula ndi kulimba kwa phula ndikoyenera kwambiri kwa phula losinthidwa la SBR, koma likagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati phula lapamwamba la viscoelastic losinthidwa, kutsitsa kumachitika nthawi zambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuyesako kukhala kosatheka. Poganizira izi, tikulimbikitsidwa kugwiritsa ntchito makina oyesera zinthu zonse kuti ayese kukhuthala komanso kulimba kwa phula losinthidwa kwambiri, kujambula phula la kupsinjika, ndikugwiritsa ntchito njira yophatikizira kuti muwerengere zotsatira zake mosavuta. 3. Phula lopangidwa ndi mphira wapamwamba kwambiri Ndi nsonga ya carbon ndi kupanga zolinga za carbon, kuteteza mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa umuna ndizofunika. Makampani opanga matayala akhala akukumana ndi vuto la "kupanga zinthu zambiri ndi zinyalala zambiri" kuyambira pomwe adapangidwa komanso kupanga. Matayala amafunikira kugwiritsira ntchito mwachindunji kapena kosalunjika kwachilengedwe ndi mphamvu kuchokera pakupanga kupita kutayidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mpweya wambiri wa carbon dioxide.
Chigawo chachikulu cha matayala ndi carbon, ndipo ngakhale matayala otayidwa amakhala ndi mpweya woposa 80%. Matayala owonongeka amatha kubweza zinthu zambiri ndi mphamvu, kukonza mpweya kukhala zinthu, ndikukwaniritsa cholinga chopulumutsa mphamvu ndi kuchepetsa utsi. Matayala a zinyalala ndi zinthu zotanuka za polima zomwe ndizovuta kwambiri kuzitsitsa. Iwo ali ndi elasticity mkulu ndi kulimba ndipo pafupifupi palibe kusintha kwa thupi kapena mankhwala kumachitika mu kutentha osiyanasiyana -50C mpaka 150C. Choncho, ngati aloledwa kuti awonongeke mwachibadwa m'nthaka, adzatero Popanda kukhudza kukula kwa zomera, ntchitoyi ikhoza kutenga zaka 500. Matayala ambiri otayika amasonkhanitsidwa mosasamala ndipo amakhala ndi malo ambiri, kulepheretsa kugwiritsa ntchito bwino nthaka. Komanso, madzi akachulukana m’matayala kwa nthaŵi yaitali, amabala udzudzu ndi kufalitsa matenda, zomwe zingawononge thanzi la anthu.
Pambuyo pa makina ophwanyira matayala otayira kukhala ufa wa rabara, phula lokhala ndi mphira wapamwamba kwambiri wosinthidwa (pamene pano umatchedwa phula labala) amapangidwa pokonza misewu, kuzindikira kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kokwanira kwa zinthu, kuwongolera bwino misewu, kukulitsa moyo wamsewu, ndi kuchepetsa mtengo wamisewu. . Zomangamanga Investment.
[3]. N'chifukwa chiyani ndi "labala wosinthidwa phula lapamwamba kwambiri"?
Kutentha kochepa kwa ming'alu kukana
Rabara mu zinyalala tayala mphira ufa ali lonse zotanuka kutentha ntchito osiyanasiyana, kotero phula osakaniza akhoza kukhalabe zotanuka kugwira ntchito pa kutentha otsika, kuchedwetsa kuchitika kwa ming'alu otsika kutentha, ndi kukhazikika pa kutentha kwambiri mphira ufa mu phula, lomwe limawonjezera kukhuthala kwa phula, lomwe limawonjezera kufewetsa ndikuwongolera kwambiri kutentha kwapamwamba kwa phula ndi zosakaniza. Chosakaniza cha phula ndi chochepetsera phokoso cha phula chimakhala ndi kuzama kwakukulu komanso kuchita bwino kwa anti-skid pamsewu.
Phula labala lingachepetse phokoso la galimoto ndi ma decibel 3 mpaka 8 ndipo limakhala lolimba. Ufa wa rabara wa zinyalala uli ndi ma antioxidants, zotsitsimutsa kutentha, zotchingira zopepuka komanso wakuda wa kaboni. Kuthira phula kumatha kuchedwetsa kwambiri kukalamba kwa phula ndikuwonjezera kusakaniza kwake. Kukhalitsa ndi ubwino wa chikhalidwe cha matani 10,000 a phula labala amafuna kumwa matayala osachepera 50,000, kupulumutsa matani 2,000 mpaka 5,000 a phula. Mlingo wobwezeretsanso zinyalala ndiwokwera, kupulumutsa mphamvu ndi chitetezo cha chilengedwe ndizodziwikiratu, mtengo wake ndi wochepa, chitonthozo ndichabwino, ndipo njira yopangira elastomer ndi yosiyana ndi mipanda ina. Poyerekeza ndi kukhazikika ndi chitonthozo, ndi bwino.
Mpweya wakuda ukhoza kusunga mtundu wakuda wamsewu kwa nthawi yayitali, mosiyana kwambiri ndi zolembera komanso zowoneka bwino. 5. Mafuta a phula osinthidwa a phula asintha kwa zaka mazana a mamiliyoni a kusintha kwa matope m'ming'alu ya miyala. Imakhala ndi kusintha kwa kutentha, kuthamanga, okosijeni, ndi kusungunuka. phula ngati zinthu kwaiye pansi ophatikizana zochita za TV ndi mabakiteriya. Ndi mtundu wa phula lachilengedwe. phula lina lachilengedwe limaphatikizapo phula lanyanja, phula lamadzi am'madzi, ndi zina zotero.
Kapangidwe ka mankhwala: Kulemera kwa mamolekyu a asphaltenes mu phula lamiyala kumayambira masauzande angapo mpaka masauzande khumi. Mankhwala a asphaltenes ndi 81.7% carbon, 7.5% hydrogen, 2.3% oxygen, 1.95% nitrogen, 4.4% sulfure, 1.1% aluminiyamu, ndi 0.18% silicon. ndi zitsulo zina 0,87%. Zina mwa izo, zomwe zili mu carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, ndi sulfure ndizochuluka kwambiri. Pafupifupi macromolecules onse a asphaltene amakhala ndi magulu ogwira ntchito a polar a zinthu zomwe zili pamwambazi, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mphamvu yamphamvu kwambiri yotsatsa pamwamba pa thanthwe. Mbadwo ndi chiyambi: Phula lamiyala limapangidwa m'ming'alu ya miyala. M'lifupi mwa ming'alu ndi yopapatiza kwambiri, masentimita khumi okha mpaka mamita angapo, ndipo kuya kumatha kufika mamita mazana ambiri.
1. Buton rock bitumen (BRA): yopangidwa ku Buton Island (BUTON), Sulawesi Province, Indonesia, South Pacific
2. Phula la miyala la kumpoto kwa America: UINTAITE (Dzina la malonda la US Gilsonite) phula lolimba la North America lomwe lili ku Uintah Basin kum'mawa kwa Yudeya, kumpoto kwa United States.
3. phula la Iranian thanthwe: Qingdao ili ndi zida zanthawi yayitali.
[4]. Bitumen ya miyala ya Sichuan Qingchuan: Ipezeka ku Qingchuan County, m'chigawo cha Sichuan mu 2003, yatsimikizira nkhokwe zopitilira matani 1.4 miliyoni ndi matani opitilira 30 miliyoni. Ndi ya Shandong Expressway.5. Mgodi wa phula wopezeka ndi 137th Regiment of the 7th Agricultural Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps ku Urho, Karamay, Xinjiang mu 2001 ndi mgodi wakale kwambiri wa phula wopezeka ku China. Kagwiritsidwe ndi mtundu:
1. Ikani mwachindunji mu silinda yosanganikirana ya phula kusakaniza siteshoni.
2. Njira yapamwamba ya modulus wothandizira, choyamba perani ufa, kenaka yikani phula la matrix monga chosinthira.
3. Kusakaniza ufa wa rabara
4. Patulani mchenga wamafuta ndikugwirizanitsa zinthu za asphaltene. 5. Lumikizanani ndi ma mixing station kuti muwonjezere malingaliro atsopano pa intaneti:
1. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati wosanjikiza wosinthika;
2. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito pokonza misewu yakumidzi;
3. Sakanizani ndi zinthu zobwezerezedwanso (RAP) kuti muyambitsenso kutentha;
4. Gwiritsani ntchito phula loyatsira phula kuti muphatikize phula lamadzimadzi ndi kuzizira kusakaniza pamwamba.
5. High modulus phula
6. Ponyani konkire ya asphalt