Pakadali pano, ntchito yomanga misewu yayikulu padziko lonse lapansi yapita patsogolo kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa misewu ikuluikulu kukuchulukirachulukira, ndipo pakufunika kuchulukirachulukira kuti ukhale wabwino. Choncho, pogwiritsira ntchito phula la asphalt, ubwino wa mayendedwewo uyenera kutsimikiziridwa, ndipo Ubwino wa phula la asphalt umakhudzidwa ndi ntchito ya zipangizo zosakaniza. Pantchito za tsiku ndi tsiku, zolakwika zina zimachitika pakasakaniza zosakaniza. Choncho, njira zogwira mtima ziyenera kuchitidwa kuti zithetse zolakwikazo kuti chosakaniza cha asphalt chizitha kugwira ntchito bwino, potero kuonetsetsa kuti phula la phula likuyenda bwino.
[1]. Mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya asphalt mixing station
Zida zosakaniza za asphalt zimaphatikizanso mitundu iwiri, yomwe ndi yapakatikati komanso yopitilira. Pakalipano, zida zosakaniza zapakatikati zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'dziko lathu. Pamene chapakati ulamuliro chipinda chimapereka lamulo, ndi aggregates mu nkhokwe ozizira zinthu adzakhala basi kulowa otentha zinthu nkhokwe, ndiyeno aliyense chuma adzayesedwa, ndiyeno zipangizo adzaikidwa yamphamvu kusanganikirana malinga ndi chiwerengero chapadera. Pomaliza, chomalizidwacho chimapangidwa, zinthuzo zimatsitsidwa pagalimoto yonyamula, ndiyeno zikugwiritsidwa ntchito. Njirayi ndi mfundo yogwirira ntchito ya chomera chosakanikirana chapakatikati. Chomera chosakanikirana cha asphalt chimatha kuyendetsa bwino kayendedwe ndi kuyanika kwamagulu, komanso kuyendetsa phula.
[2]. Kuwongolera kusakaniza kwa asphalt
2.1 Kuwongolera zinthu zamchere
Pa ntchito yomanga, otchedwa coarse mchere zakuthupi ndi miyala, ndi tinthu kukula osiyanasiyana zambiri pakati 2.36mm ndi 25mm. Kukhazikika kwa kapangidwe ka konkire makamaka kumagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kulowetsedwa kwa tinthu tambirimbiri. Pa nthawi yomweyi, kuti zikhale zogwira mtima Kuti mupewe kusamutsidwa, mphamvu yotsutsana iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mokwanira. Pa nthawi yomanga, coarse aggregate iyenera kuphwanyidwa mu cubic particles.
2.2 Kuwongolera kwa asphalt
Musanagwiritse ntchito phula, zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti zitsimikizire kuti khalidweli ndi loyenerera lisanakhazikitsidwe mwalamulo. Posankha kalasi ya asphalt, muyenera kufufuza nyengo yam'deralo. Kutentha kukakhala kochepa, muyenera kusankha asphalt yokhala ndi kalasi yapamwamba. Izi zili choncho makamaka chifukwa phula lokhala ndi kalasi yapamwamba limakhala lokhazikika komanso lolowera kwambiri. Idzawonjezera kukana kwa ming'alu ya phula la asphalt. Panthawi yomanga, pamwamba pa msewuwo payenera kukhala phula lochepa kwambiri, ndipo zigawo zapakati ndi zapansi za msewu ziyenera kugwiritsa ntchito phula wandiweyani. Izi sizingowonjezera kukana kwa phula la asphalt, komanso kukulitsa luso lake lokana rutting.
2.3 Kuwongolera ma aggregates abwino
Fine aggregate zambiri amatanthauza thanthwe wosweka, ndi tinthu kukula ranges kuchokera 0.075mm kuti 2.36mm. Isanaikidwe pomanga, iyenera kutsukidwa kuti zitsimikizike zaukhondo.
2.4 Kuwongolera kutentha
Panthawi yoyika, kutentha kumayenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa ndipo ntchito ziyenera kuchitidwa motsatira malamulo oyenerera kuti zitsimikizidwe kuti ntchitoyo ndi yabwino. Powotcha phula, ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa kuti kutentha kwake kuli pakati pa 150 ° C ndi 170 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwa mchere kuyenera kukhala kochepa kusiyana ndi kutentha kwake. Kutentha kwa kusakaniza musanachoke ku fakitale kuyenera kuyendetsedwa pakati pa 140 ° C ndi 155 ° C, ndipo kutentha kwapang'onopang'ono kuyenera kukhala pakati pa 135 ° C ndi 150 ° C. Panthawi yonseyi, kutentha kumayenera kuyang'aniridwa mu nthawi yeniyeni. Pamene kutentha kumapitirira malire, kutentha kumayenera kusinthidwa. Zimapanga kusintha kwanthawi yake kuti zitsimikizire mtundu wa konkire ya asphalt.
2.5 Kuwongolera kwa chiŵerengero chosakaniza
Pofuna kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza, kuyezetsa mobwerezabwereza kuyenera kuchitidwa kuti mudziwe kuchuluka kwa phula lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zida zamchere ziyenera kutenthedwa, ndipo zida zotenthetsera zamchere ziyenera kutumizidwa ku silinda yakunja ndi silo yamkati. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, zosakaniza zina ziyenera kuwonjezeredwa ndi kusonkhezera bwino, ndipo kusakaniza kuyenera kuyang'aniridwa kuti mukwaniritse chiŵerengero chosakaniza chomwe mukufuna. Nthawi yosakaniza ya osakaniza nthawi zambiri imadutsa masekondi a 45, koma sangathe kupitirira masekondi 90, ndipo iyenera kuyang'aniridwa mosalekeza panthawi yosakaniza kuti zitsimikizire kuti zizindikiro zosiyanasiyana zimakwaniritsa zofunikira.
[3]. Kuthetsa mavuto a siteshoni yosakaniza phula
3.1 Kuthetsa mavuto a masensa ndi zida zozizira zotumizira
Pa ntchito yachibadwa ya siteshoni ya asphalt kusakaniza, ngati zipangizo sizikuwonjezeredwa malinga ndi malamulo, zingayambitse sensa kuti iwonongeke, motero zimakhudza kutumiza ndi kuyang'anira chizindikiro. Lamba wa liwiro losinthika likayima, lamba wa liwiro losinthika silingagwire ntchito bwino, ndipo angayambitse kutsetsereka kwa lamba ndi kupatuka kwa msewu. Choncho, lamba ayenera kuyang'aniridwa nthawi zonse. Ngati panthawi yoyang'anira, lamba amapezeka kuti ndi omasuka. Chochitikacho chiyenera kuchitidwa nthawi yake kuti zitsimikizire kuti chipangizocho chikhoza kugwira ntchito bwino.
3.2 Kuthetsa mavuto a Negative pressure
Kuthamanga kwa mumlengalenga mkati mwa ng'oma yowumitsa ndizomwe zimatchedwa kupanikizika koipa. Kupanikizika koipa nthawi zambiri kumakhudzidwa ndi mbali ziwiri, zomwe ndi mafani okakamiza ndi zowombera. Pansi pa kukakamizidwa kwabwino, fumbi mu ng'oma likhoza kuwulukira kuchokera kuzungulira ng'oma, zomwe zidzakhudza kwambiri chilengedwe, kotero kuti kupanikizika koipa kuyenera kuyendetsedwa.
Phokoso lachilendo la chosakaniza likhoza kuyambitsidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi yomweyo kwa chosakaniza, choncho chiyenera kukhazikitsidwanso panthawi yake. Pamene mkono wosakaniza ndi mbale yamkati yawonongeka, iyenera kusinthidwa kuti iwonetsetse kuti chosakanizacho chikhoza kusakaniza bwinobwino.
3.3 Chowotchera sichingayatse ndikuyaka bwino
Pakakhala vuto ndi chowotcha, makina owongolera mpweya ayenera kuyang'ana kaye mkati mwa chipinda chopangira opaleshoni kuti awone ngati mikhalidwe yoyatsira ndi yabwinobwino. Ngati izi ndi zachilendo, muyenera kuyang'ana ngati mafuta ndi okwanira kapena ngati njira yamafuta yatsekedwa. Vuto likapezeka , m'pofunika kuwonjezera mafuta kapena kuyeretsa ndimeyi mu nthawi kuti zitsimikizire kuti chowotcha chimagwira ntchito bwino.
[4] Mapeto
Kuonetsetsa kuti ntchito yabwino ya malo osakaniza a asphalt sikungotsimikizira kuti ntchitoyo ikupita patsogolo, komanso kuchepetsa mtengo wa polojekiti. Choncho, m'pofunika kulamulira bwino malo osakanikirana ndi asphalt. Cholakwa chikapezeka, chiyenera kuthetsedwa munthawi yake, kuti Kuwonetsetsa kuti konkire ya asphalt ndi yabwino komanso kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yomanga komanso phindu lachuma.