[1]. Mawu Oyamba
Poyerekeza ndi njira zotenthetsera zachikhalidwe monga kutentha kwachindunji ndi kutentha kwa nthunzi, kutentha kwa mafuta otumizira kutentha kuli ndi ubwino wopulumutsa mphamvu, kutentha yunifolomu, kuwongolera kutentha kwapamwamba, kuthamanga kwapansi, chitetezo ndi kuphweka. Chifukwa chake, kuyambira m'ma 1980, kafukufuku ndikugwiritsa ntchito mafuta otumizira kutentha m'dziko langa zakula mwachangu, ndipo zakhala zikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamakina osiyanasiyana otenthetsera m'makampani opanga mankhwala, mafuta opangira mafuta, mafakitale a petrochemical, CHIKWANGWANI chamankhwala, nsalu, mafakitale opepuka, zomangira. , zitsulo, tirigu, mafuta ndi kukonza chakudya ndi mafakitale ena.
Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza makamaka za mapangidwe, zoopsa, zinthu zokopa ndi njira zothetsera kutentha kwa mafuta otengera kutentha panthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.

[2]. Mapangidwe a kuphika
Pali zinthu zitatu zazikuluzikulu zomwe zimachitika pakusintha kutentha kwamafuta otengera kutentha: matenthedwe oxidation reaction, kusweka kwamafuta ndi matenthedwe a polymerization reaction. Coking amapangidwa ndi matenthedwe oxidation reaction ndi matenthedwe a polymerization reaction.
Thermal polymerization reaction imachitika pamene mafuta otengera kutentha amatenthedwa panthawi yamagetsi. Zimene adzapanga mkulu-yotentha macromolecules monga polycyclic onunkhira hydrocarbons, colloids ndi asphaltene, amene pang'onopang'ono gawo pamwamba pa chotenthetsera ndi payipi kupanga coking.
Thermal oxidation reaction makamaka imachitika pamene mafuta otengera kutentha mu thanki yowonjezera ya makina otenthetsera otseguka alumikizana ndi mpweya kapena kutenga nawo gawo pakuyenda. Zomwezo zidzapanga ma alcohols otsika kapena apamwamba kwambiri, aldehydes, ketoni, ma acid ndi zigawo zina za acidic, ndikuwonjezeranso zinthu zowoneka bwino monga colloids ndi asphaltene kupanga coking; matenthedwe okosijeni amayamba chifukwa cha zinthu zachilendo. Zikachitika, imathandizira kuphulika kwamafuta ndi matenthedwe a polymerization, kuchititsa kuti mamasukidwe akayendedwe achuluke kwambiri, kuchepetsa kutentha kwachangu, kuchititsa kutenthedwa ndi kutentha kwa ng'anjo. Zinthu za acidic zomwe zimapangidwira zimatha kuyambitsa dzimbiri komanso kutayikira kwa zida.

[3]. Zowopsa za kuphika
Kuphika komwe kumapangidwa ndi mafuta otumizira kutentha pakagwiritsidwa ntchito kumapanga gawo lotsekera, kupangitsa kuti kutentha kwapakati kuchepe, kutentha kwa mpweya kumawonjezeka, komanso kuchuluka kwamafuta; Komano, popeza kutentha komwe kumafunidwa ndi kupanga sikunasinthe, kutentha kwa khoma la ng'anjo ya ng'anjo kudzakwera kwambiri, kuchititsa kuti chubu cha ng'anjo chiphuke ndi kuphulika, ndipo pamapeto pake chidzawotcha kupyolera mu chubu cha ng'anjo, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ng'anjo yotentha iwonongeke. kugwira moto ndi kuphulika, kuchititsa ngozi zazikulu monga kuvulala kwaumwini kwa zipangizo ndi ogwira ntchito. M’zaka zaposachedwapa, ngozi zoterezi zafala.

[4]. Zomwe zimakhudza kuphika
(1) Kutentha mafuta kutengera mtundu
Pambuyo pofufuza ndondomeko yopangira coking pamwambayi, imapezeka kuti kukhazikika kwa okosijeni ndi kukhazikika kwa kutentha kwa mafuta otumizira kutentha kumagwirizana kwambiri ndi liwiro la kuphika ndi kuchuluka kwake. Ngozi zambiri zamoto ndi kuphulika zimayamba chifukwa cha kusakhazikika kwamafuta komanso kukhazikika kwa okosijeni kwamafuta otengera kutentha, zomwe zimayambitsa kuphika kwambiri panthawi yogwira ntchito.
(2) Kupanga ndi kukhazikitsa dongosolo Kutentha
Magawo osiyanasiyana operekedwa ndi kapangidwe ka makina otenthetsera komanso ngati kuyika kwa zida kuli koyenera kumakhudza mwachindunji chizolowezi chokoka mafuta otengera kutentha.
Kuyika kwa zida zilizonse ndizosiyana, zomwe zidzakhudzanso moyo wamafuta otengera kutentha. Kuyika zida kuyenera kukhala koyenera ndipo kukonzanso munthawi yake kumafunika pakutumiza kuti awonjezere moyo wamafuta otengera kutentha.
(3) Kugwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kukonza makina otenthetsera
Ogwiritsa ntchito osiyanasiyana amakhala ndi zolinga zosiyanasiyana monga maphunziro ndi luso laukadaulo. Ngakhale atagwiritsa ntchito zida zotenthetsera zomwezo ndi mafuta otengera kutentha, kuwongolera kwawo kwa kutentha kwa dongosolo la kutentha ndi kuchuluka kwakuyenda sikufanana.
Kutentha ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri la matenthedwe a okosijeni komanso matenthedwe a polymerization amachitira mafuta otengera kutentha. Pamene kutentha kumakwera, kuchuluka kwa machitidwe awiriwa kudzawonjezeka kwambiri, ndipo chizolowezi cha coking chidzawonjezeka moyenerera.
Malinga ndi malingaliro okhudzana ndi mfundo zaumisiri wamankhwala: momwe chiwerengero cha Reynolds chikuwonjezeka, kuchuluka kwa kuphika kumachepa. Nambala ya Reynolds imayenderana ndi kuchuluka kwa mafuta otengera kutentha. Choncho, kuchuluka kwa kuthamanga kwa mafuta otumizira kutentha, kumachepetsanso kuphika.

[5]. Njira zothetsera kuphika
Kuti muchepetse kupangika kwa kuphika ndikukulitsa moyo wautumiki wamafuta otengera kutentha, njira ziyenera kutengedwa kuchokera kuzinthu izi:
(1) Sankhani mafuta otengera kutentha amtundu woyenera ndikuwunika momwe zikuwonekera komanso mawonekedwe ake
Mafuta otengera kutentha amagawidwa m'magulu malinga ndi kutentha kwa ntchito. Mwa iwo, mchere kutentha kutengerapo mafuta makamaka zikuphatikizapo zopangidwa atatu: L-QB280, L-QB300 ndi L-QC320, ndi kutentha ntchito 280 ℃, 300 ℃ ndi 320 ℃ motero.
Mafuta otengera kutentha amtundu woyenera ndi mtundu womwe umakwaniritsa SH/T 0677-1999 "Heat Transfer Fluid" ayenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi kutentha kwa kutentha kwa makina otenthetsera. Pakalipano, kutentha kogwiritsidwa ntchito kovomerezeka kwa mafuta ena otumizira kutentha omwe amagulitsidwa ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi zotsatira zenizeni zoyezera, zomwe zimasocheretsa ogwiritsa ntchito komanso ngozi zachitetezo zimachitika nthawi ndi nthawi. Iyenera kukopa chidwi cha ogwiritsa ntchito ambiri!
Mafuta otenthetsera kutentha ayenera kupangidwa ndi mafuta oyengedwa bwino okhala ndi kukhazikika kwamafuta komanso kutentha kwambiri kwa antioxidants ndi zowonjezera zotsutsana ndi makulitsidwe. Antioxidant yotentha kwambiri imatha kuchedwetsa bwino makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kukhuthala kwa mafuta otengera kutentha pakugwira ntchito; anti-scaling anti-kutentha kwambiri amatha kusungunula coking mu machubu a ng'anjo ndi mapaipi, kuwabalalitsa mu mafuta otumizira kutentha, ndikusefa kudzera mu fyuluta yolambalala ya dongosolo kuti machubu a ng'anjo ndi mapaipi azikhala oyera. Pambuyo pa miyezi itatu kapena miyezi isanu ndi umodzi yogwiritsidwa ntchito, kukhuthala, kung'anima, mtengo wa asidi ndi zotsalira za kaboni zamafuta otengera kutentha ziyenera kutsatiridwa ndikuwunikidwa. Pamene zizindikiro ziwiri zimadutsa malire otchulidwa (zotsalira za kaboni zosapitirira 1.5%, mtengo wa asidi osapitirira 0.5mgKOH /g, kung'anima kwa kusintha kwa mlingo wosapitirira 20%, kusintha kwa viscosity siposa 15%), ziyenera kuganiziridwa kuwonjezera mafuta atsopano kapena kusintha mafuta onse.
(2) Kupanga koyenera ndikuyika makina otenthetsera
Mapangidwe ndi kuyika kwa makina otenthetsera mafuta otenthetsera kutentha ayenera kutsatira mosamalitsa malamulo opangira ng'anjo yotentha yamafuta opangidwa ndi madipatimenti oyenera kuwonetsetsa kuti makina otenthetsera akuyenda bwino.
(3) Sinthani magwiridwe antchito atsiku ndi tsiku a makina otenthetsera
Kugwira ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku kwa makina otenthetsera mafuta otenthetsera kuyenera kutsata mosamalitsa malamulo achitetezo ndiukadaulo oyang'anira ng'anjo zonyamula kutentha za organic zopangidwa ndi madipatimenti oyenera, ndikuyang'anira kusintha kwa magawo monga kutentha ndi kutsika kwamafuta otentha pakuwotcha. dongosolo nthawi iliyonse.
Pakugwiritsa ntchito kwenikweni, kutentha kwapakati potulutsa ng'anjo yotenthetsera kuyenera kukhala osachepera 20 ℃ kuposa kutentha kwamafuta otengera kutentha.
Kutentha kwa mafuta otumizira kutentha mu thanki yowonjezera ya dongosolo lotseguka kuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa 60 ℃, ndipo kutentha sikuyenera kupitirira 180 ℃.
Kuthamanga kwa mafuta otumizira kutentha mu ng'anjo yotentha yamafuta sikuyenera kukhala kotsika kuposa 2.5 m/s kuonjezera chipwirikiti cha mafuta otengera kutentha, kuchepetsa makulidwe a pansi wosanjikiza pansi pagawo lotengera kutentha ndi kutentha. convective kutentha kutengerapo matenthedwe kukana, ndi kusintha convective kutentha kutengerapo coefficient kukwaniritsa cholinga utithandize madzimadzi kutentha kutengerapo.
(4) Kuyeretsa makina otenthetsera
The matenthedwe makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi matenthedwe polymerization mankhwala choyamba kupanga polymerized mkulu-mpweya viscous zinthu zimene amamatira pa chitoliro khoma. Zinthu zoterezi zimatha kuchotsedwa poyeretsa mankhwala.
Zinthu zokhala ndi mpweya wambiri wa carbon viscous zimapanganso ma depositi osakwanira graphitized. Kuyeretsa kwa mankhwala kumangogwira ntchito pazigawo zomwe sizinapangidwe carbonized. Koke yopangidwa ndi graphitized imapangidwa. Kuyeretsa mankhwala sikulinso njira yothetsera vutoli. Kuyeretsa makina kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kunja. Iyenera kuyang'aniridwa pafupipafupi mukamagwiritsa ntchito. Pamene zinthu zopangidwa ndi carbon viscous zapamwamba sizinakhazikitsidwebe mpweya, ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kugula mankhwala oyeretsera kuti ayeretse.

[6]. Mapeto
1. The coking wa kutentha kutengerapo mafuta pa kutentha kutengerapo ndondomeko amachokera zimene matenthedwe makutidwe ndi okosijeni anachita ndi matenthedwe polymerization anachita.
2. Kuphika kwa mafuta otengera kutentha kumapangitsa kuti kutentha kwa mpweya kuchepetse, kutentha kwa mpweya kuchuluke, komanso kuwonjezereka kwa mafuta. Pazovuta kwambiri, zingayambitse ngozi monga moto, kuphulika ndi kuvulala kwa munthu wogwira ntchito mu ng'anjo yotentha.
3. Pofuna kuchepetsa mapangidwe a coking, mafuta otenthetsera kutentha okonzedwa ndi mafuta oyeretsedwa apansi okhala ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwa kutentha ndi kutentha kwapamwamba kwa anti-oxidation ndi anti-fouling zowonjezera ziyenera kusankhidwa. Kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, mankhwala omwe kutentha kwawo kumatsimikiziridwa ndi akuluakulu ayenera kusankhidwa.
4. Dongosolo lotenthetsera liyenera kupangidwa momveka bwino ndikuyika, ndipo ntchito yatsiku ndi tsiku yamagetsi yotenthetsera iyenera kukhala yokhazikika pakugwiritsa ntchito. Kukhuthala, kung'anima, mtengo wa asidi ndi mpweya wotsalira wamafuta otengera kutentha omwe akugwira ntchito ayenera kuyesedwa pafupipafupi kuti awone momwe akusinthira.
5. Mankhwala oyeretsera mankhwala angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeretsa coking yomwe isanakhalepo carbonized mu kutentha kwa magetsi.