Asphalt ndi chisakanizo chakuda chabulauni chopangidwa ndi ma hydrocarbons a masikelo osiyanasiyana a ma molekyulu ndi zotumphukira zake zosakhala zachitsulo. Ndi mtundu wa mkulu-makamakamakamakamakamakayendedwe organic madzi. Ndi yamadzimadzi, yakuda pamwamba, ndipo imasungunuka mu carbon disulfide. Kugwiritsa ntchito phula: Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi monga zida zogwirira ntchito, zopangira ndi mafuta. Magawo ake ogwiritsira ntchito amaphatikizapo mayendedwe (misewu, njanji, ndege, ndi zina zotero), zomangamanga, ulimi, ntchito zosungira madzi, mafakitale (mafakitale ochotsa, kupanga), ntchito za boma, ndi zina zotero.

Mitundu ya asphalt:
1. Phula la phula la malasha, phula la malasha limapangidwa kuchokera ku coko, ndiko kuti, chinthu chakuda chomwe chimatsalira mu ketulo ya distillation pambuyo pa distillation ya phula. Zimangosiyana ndi phula loyengedwa muzinthu zakuthupi, ndipo palibe malire oonekera. Njira yogawanitsa anthu ambiri ndiyo kunena kuti omwe ali ndi malo ochepetsera pansi pa 26.7 ° C (njira ya cubic) ndi phula, ndipo omwe ali pamwamba pa 26.7 ° C ndi asphalt. Malasha phula phula makamaka muli refractory anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, etc. Zinthu zimenezi ndi poizoni, ndipo chifukwa cha nkhani zosiyanasiyana za zigawo zikuluzikulu, zimatha malasha phula phula ndi osiyana. Kusintha kwa kutentha kumakhudza kwambiri phula la phula. Imakonda kukhala brittleness m'nyengo yozizira komanso kufewa m'chilimwe. Limakhala ndi fungo lapadera likatenthedwa; pambuyo pa maola 5 akutentha mpaka 260 ° C, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene ndi zigawo zina zomwe zili mmenemo zidzasungunuka.

2. Mafuta a asphalt. Mafuta a asphalt ndi otsalira pambuyo pa kusungunula mafuta osapsa. Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kuyenga, kumakhala madzi, theka-olimba kapena olimba kutentha firiji. Mafuta a petroleum asphalt ndi wakuda komanso wonyezimira komanso amamva kutentha kwambiri. Popeza idasungunuka mpaka kutentha kwa 400 ° C panthawi yopanga, imakhala ndi zigawo zochepa zomwe zimagwedezeka, koma pangakhalebe ma hydrocarboni apamwamba omwe sanawonongeke, ndipo zinthuzi zimakhala zovulaza kwambiri pa thanzi la munthu.

3. Phula lachilengedwe. Natural asphalt amasungidwa pansi, ndipo ena amapanga mchere kapena kuwunjikana pamwamba pa nthaka. Zambiri mwa phulali zakhala zikuyenda pang'onopang'ono komanso zimakhala ndi okosijeni, ndipo nthawi zambiri mulibe poizoni. Zida za asphalt zimagawidwa m'magulu awiri: phula ndi phula. Phula lapansi limagawidwa kukhala asphalt wachilengedwe ndi phula la petroleum. Phula lachilengedwe ndilotsalira pambuyo powonekera kwa nthawi yaitali ndi kutuluka kwa nthunzi ya mafuta akutuluka pansi; petroleum asphalt ndi chinthu chomwe chimapezedwa pochiza mafuta otsala otsala kuchokera kumafuta oyeretsedwa ndi okonzedwa kudzera munjira zoyenera. . Phula la phula ndi chinthu chokonzedwanso cha phula chomwe chimachokera ku carbonization ya malasha, nkhuni ndi zinthu zina zamoyo.

Phula lalikulu lomwe limagwiritsidwa ntchito mu engineering ndi petroleum asphalt, lomwe ndi losakanizika ndi ma hydrocarboni ovuta komanso zotumphukira zake zomwe sizitsulo. Nthawi zambiri kung'anima mfundo ya phula ndi pakati pa 240 ℃ ~ 330 ℃, ndi poyatsira mfundo ndi za 3 ℃ ~ 6 ℃ apamwamba kuposa kung'anima mfundo, kotero kutentha yomanga ayenera kulamulidwa pansipa mfundo kung'anima.