Monga msewu wofunikira wamagalimoto pamaulendo athu atsiku ndi tsiku, misewu yayikulu ndiyofunika kwambiri chifukwa chaubwino wake. Kuwonetsetsa kuti ntchito yawo yanthawi zonse imakhala ndi gawo lofunikira pakusunga chitetezo chamsewu. Muukadaulo wamakono wokonza, ukadaulo wodzitetezera ndiwofunikira kwambiri. Pofuna kuchepetsa ngozi zapamsewu, kukonza misewu ikuluikulu kusanachitike masoka achilengedwe kumathandizira kuti misewu ikuluikulu ikhale yabwino komanso yothandiza. Mfundo yaikulu yokonza yagona chifukwa cha matendawa. Zomwe zimatchedwa "kulembera mankhwala oyenerera" zingakhale ndi zotsatira zabwino.
Panjira ya phula pano ndiye njira yayikulu yopangira misewu yayikulu mdziko langa. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwake kwakukulu ndi chifukwa cha ubwino wake wa flatness, kukana kuvala, kumanga kosavuta, ndi kukonza kosavuta kotsatira. Chilichonse chili ndi mbali ziwiri, ndipo msewu wa asphalt ulinso ndi zofooka zake. Matenda adzachitika chifukwa cha kutentha kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, kutentha kwambiri m'chilimwe kumayambitsa kufewetsa, ndipo kutentha kochepa m'nyengo yozizira kumayambitsa ming'alu. Chifukwa cha zofooka zake, misewu yayikulu nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi matenda awa:

Ming'alu yautali: Ming'alu imachitika m'misewu yayikulu chifukwa cha kugawanika kwa nthaka komanso kupsinjika kosagwirizana. Iwo kwenikweni longitudinal ming'alu. Pali zifukwa ziwiri: msewu wokhawokha, kukhazikika kosagwirizana kwa msewu, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale ming'alu yautali; ma longitudinal olumikizirana amasamalidwa molakwika panthawi yopangira phula, ndipo kuchuluka kwa magalimoto ndi chikoka cha nyengo pakagwiritsidwe ntchito kumapangitsa kuti pakhale ming'alu.
Ming'alu yopingasa: Konkire ya phula imachepa kapena kukhazikika mosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa kutentha kwa mkati, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti msewu uphwanyike. Onse ming'alu yaitali ndi longitudinal ming'alu ndi matenda a mtundu ming'alu. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ming'alu yopingasa. Zodziwika bwino zimaphatikizapo ming'alu yokhazikika, ming'alu yokhudzana ndi katundu ndi zigawo zolimba zoyambira. Mng'alu wonyezimira
Kutopa ming'alu: Chikoka cha chilengedwe chakunja chimachititsa gawo lalikulu la kupanga ming'alu ya kutopa. Misewu ikuluikulu imakhala padzuwa kwa nthawi yayitali m'chilimwe. Kutentha kosalekeza kumafewetsa phula la konkire la asphalt. M’nyengo ya mvula, madzi amvula amakokoloka ndi kulowa mkati, zomwe zidzafulumizitsa kuonongeka kwa mayendedwe a konkire wa phula. Kulemera kwa galimoto, kufewetsa kwa msewu kudzakulirakulira, mphamvu yapachiyambi yonyamula msewu idzachepetsedwa, ndipo kuyendayenda kwa nthawi yaitali kumayambitsa ming'alu ya kutopa.
Ming'alu yowunikira: makamaka yokhudzana ndi kutuluka kwamkati ndi kuchepa kwa msewu. Zigawo zitatu za msewu waukulu, msewu wapamsewu, maziko apansi ndi pamwamba, zimayikidwa mwadongosolo kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi. Mtsinje wapansi uli pakati pa msewu ndi pamwamba. Extrusion ndi shrinkage ya maziko a wosanjikiza kumayambitsa ming'alu. Ming'alu muzitsulo zoyambira zidzawonetsedwa pamtunda wa msewu ndi pamwamba, komanso zina zakunja. Kukhudzidwa, ming'alu yonyezimira imawonekera.
Kuwonongeka kwa Rut: Pali mitundu itatu ya kuwonongeka kwa mkanda: kusakhazikika, zomangira komanso zowononga. Rutting deformation makamaka chifukwa cha katundu wa asphalt palokha. Pakutentha kwambiri, phula limakhala losakhazikika, ndipo kupitilira kwa magalimoto pamtunda wa phula kumayambitsa kusinthika kwanthawi yayitali kwa msewu. Zinthu za asphalt zimakhala ndi viscous flow pansi pa kupsinjika, zomwe zimayambitsa ruts. Mtundu uliwonse udzakhala ndi zotsatira pa msewu.
Kusefukira kwamafuta: Mapangidwe osakaniza a asphalt ndi kupanga amakhala ndi phula wochuluka, kusakaniza sikuyendetsedwa bwino, ndipo phula palokha imakhala yosakhazikika. Mukayala phula, kuchuluka kwa mafuta osanjikizana sikumayendetsedwa bwino ndipo madzi amvula amalowa, zomwe zimapangitsa kusefukira kwamafuta pambuyo pake. M'nyengo yotentha, phula limayenda pang'onopang'ono kuchokera pansi ndi kutsika gawo la osakaniza kupita pamwamba, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti asphalt adziunjike. Kuonjezera apo, madzi amvula amachititsa kuti phula lizigwedezeka ndi kusuntha mosalekeza, ndipo phula lambiri limadziunjikira pamsewu, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu yotsutsana ndi skid. Ndi matenda osasinthika anjira imodzi.