Monga mphamvu zachuma zomwe zikukula mofulumira, China yakhalabe ndi chitukuko chofulumira pa zomangamanga. Monga imodzi mwa njira zazikulu zogwirizanitsa madera akumidzi ndi akumidzi ndikugwirizanitsa madera amkati ndi kunja, mayendedwe apamsewu apitanso patsogolo kwambiri m'zaka makumi angapo zapitazi.
Pofika Seputembara 2022, misewu yonse yaku China yafika makilomita pafupifupi 5.28 miliyoni, pomwe ma mileage amadutsa makilomita 170,000, ndikupangitsa kuti likhale limodzi mwa mayiko omwe ali ndi mtunda wautali kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.
Kuphatikiza apo, chitukuko cha misewu ku China chilinso ndi zowunikira zambiri, monga mtunda wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi komanso mlatho waukulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi wodutsa nyanja. Titha kunena kuti mayendedwe apamsewu ku China adakula kukhala gawo lofunikira kwambiri pakumanga kwachitukuko cha dziko, akugwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri polimbikitsa chitukuko cha zachuma komanso kuthandizira kuyenda kwa anthu.
Koma mwapeza vuto? Pali zida ziwiri zopangira misewu, choncho ndi simenti kapena phula. Chifukwa chiyani misewu yonse ya phula singagwiritsidwe ntchito?
Lero tikambirana ngati ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito simenti kapena phula pomanga misewu.

Simenti VS Asphalt
Msewu wa simenti ndi msewu wa asphalt ndi zida ziwiri zosiyana zomangira misewu. Msewu wa simenti umapangidwa makamaka ndi simenti, mchenga, miyala ndi zinthu zina, pomwe msewu wa asphalt umapangidwa ndi phula, mchere, miyala ndi zinthu zina. Tiyeni tikambirane ubwino wa simenti msewu ndi phula msewu motero.

Utali wamoyo
Misewu ya simenti ndi yovuta kuposa misewu ya phula. Makulidwe a misewu ya simenti nthawi zambiri amakhala oposa 20 cm. Chifukwa cha kukhazikika kwake kwapangidwe komanso kutha kupirira kukakamizidwa kwa magalimoto olemera, nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo monga misewu yayikulu ndi mabwalo a ndege omwe amafuna kukhazikika komanso kukhazikika.
Kunena zoona, makulidwe a phula la asphalt ndi pafupifupi masentimita 5, choncho nthawi zambiri amakhala oyenera pazochitika zapamsewu zopepuka monga misewu yakutawuni.
Pankhani ya moyo, misewu ya simenti imakhalanso yabwinoko pang'ono. Nthawi zambiri, moyo wautumiki wa miyala ya simenti imatha kupitilira zaka 30, pomwe moyo wautumiki wa phula la asphalt ndi pafupifupi zaka 10-15.
Izi ndichifukwa choti mankhwala a simenti ndi okhazikika kuposa asphalt, ndipo ma antioxidant ake ndi amphamvu. Ikhoza kusunga kuuma kwake ndi kukhazikika kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo sichimakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga dzuwa ndi mvula.

Kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe
Kuchokera pamawonedwe opangira, kupanga misewu ya simenti kumafunikira mphamvu zambiri komanso kumatulutsa mpweya wina wa carbon dioxide. Kupanga phula la asphalt kumatha kupulumutsa mphamvu ndikutulutsa mpweya wochepa kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, potengera njira yopangira, misewu ya simenti ikhoza kuwononga pang'ono chilengedwe.
Koma kuchokera pamalo ogwiritsira ntchito, misewu ya simenti ndi misewu ya phula idzawononga chilengedwe. Miyendo ya phula imakonda kufewa nyengo yotentha ndipo imatulutsa zinthu zomwe zimawonongeka, zomwe zimakhala ndi vuto linalake la mpweya. Mpanda wa konkire umakhala wosasunthika ndipo sutulutsa zinthu zomwe zimasokonekera. Komabe, pamwamba pa mpanda wa simenti ndi wovuta kwambiri, ndipo magalimoto akamayendetsa pamenepo, pamakhala phokoso linalake. Pa nthawi yomweyo, miyala ya simenti idzawonjezera ngozi zapamsewu.

Mtengo
Pankhani ya mtengo womanga, misewu ya simenti nthawi zambiri imakhala yokwera mtengo kuposa misewu ya phula. Misewu ya simenti imafuna zipangizo zambiri komanso ntchito yomanga yovuta kwambiri, choncho mtengo wake womanga ndi wokwera kwambiri kuposa misewu ya phula. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, misewu ya simenti imatenga nthawi yaitali kuti imangidwe, zomwe zidzawonjezeranso ndalama zomanga.
Pankhani yokonza pambuyo pokonza, misewu ya simenti imafuna ndalama zambiri zokonzekera chifukwa cha kuuma kwake komanso kukhazikika. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mumsewu wa simenti muli ming’alu kapena maenje, mtengo wokonzanso udzakhala wokwera kwambiri. Misewu ya asphalt ndiyotsika mtengo pakukonza chifukwa imatha kukonzedwanso poyala phula latsopano.
Komabe, ziyenera kukumbukiridwa kuti ngakhale misewu ya asphalt imakhala yotsika mtengo kwambiri potengera ndalama zomanga ndi zomanga pambuyo pokonzanso, moyo wawo wautumiki ndi waufupi ndipo umafunika kukonzanso ndikusinthidwa pafupipafupi, ndipo ndalamazi ziyeneranso kuganiziridwa. .

Chitetezo
Tiyeni tiyambe ndi kukangana kwapamsewu. Misewu yonse ya simenti ndi misewu ya asphalt imakhala ndi mikangano yabwino ndipo imatha kupereka mphamvu yokoka ndi braking pamene magalimoto akuyendetsa.
Komabe, msewu wa phula umakhala ndi kukhuthala komanso kukhuthala kwabwino, chifukwa chake poyendetsa misewu yamvula kapena yoterera, mikwingwirima yamiyala ya phula imakhala yokwera kwambiri, ndipo ndikosavuta kupangitsa mikwingwirima yokhazikika, potero kuchepetsa chiwopsezo cha kutsetsereka kwagalimoto kapena kulephera kuwongolera. .
Kachiwiri, potengera kutsetsereka kwapamsewu, miyala ya simenti imakhala yolimba komanso yosalala, yomwe imatha kupirira kukhudzidwa ndi kugwedezeka komwe kumapangidwa ndi kuyendetsa galimoto ndikupereka malo oyendetsa okhazikika.
Kuyenda kwa phula kumakhala kofewa, komwe kumakhala ndi kusinthika pang'ono ndi kukwera ndi kutsika, zomwe zingayambitse mabampu pamene galimoto ikuyendetsa galimoto, kumawonjezera kuvutika ndi kutopa kwa dalaivala, ndi kuchepetsa chitetezo cha galimoto.
Chachitatu, ponena za kukhazikika kwa msewu, mayendedwe a simenti ndi amphamvu kwambiri, okhazikika, amakhala ndi moyo wautali wautumiki, ndipo sakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi zinthu zakunja monga nyengo ndi kutentha.
Chachinayi, msewu wa asphalt ndi wosalimba komanso umakhudzidwa mosavuta ndi zinthu zachilengedwe monga kutentha kwa dzuwa ndi mvula, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale mavuto monga kukalamba kwa msewu, kusweka, ndi kusinthika, zomwe zimakhudza chitetezo cha galimoto.
Poyerekeza, sizovuta kupeza kuti misewu ya simenti ili ndi ubwino wake ndipo misewu ya asphalt ili ndi ubwino wake. Chifukwa chiyani misewu yayikulu imakhala misewu ya phula, koma malo olipirako ndi msewu wa simenti?

Kukonza misewu
Kodi ndi zabwino zotani zomwe zimafunika pokonza misewu m'misewu yayikulu?
Chitetezo, chitetezo, ndi chitetezo.
Monga tanena kale, phula ili ndi zomatira bwino komanso zowongoka, ndipo zimatha kumamatira bwino panjira yoyambira kuti ipange kulumikizana kolimba, potero kumapangitsa kuti msewu ukhale wokhazikika komanso wonyamula.
Kuphatikiza apo, asphalt imakhalanso ndi ntchito yabwino yopanda madzi, yomwe imatha kuteteza madzi amvula kuti asalowe m'munsi mwa msewu, kupewa mavuto monga kufewetsa maziko ndi kukhazikika.
Kuphatikiza apo, kutsika kwapamtunda ndi kugundana kwamisewu yokhala ndi phula ndipamwamba, zomwe zingapereke kukhazikika kwapagalimoto ndi chitonthozo, ndikuwongolera chitetezo chagalimoto.
Poyendetsa m'misewu ikuluikulu, chofunikira kwambiri ndikutha mabuleki. Ndi milandu ingati yapamsewu yomwe imakhala ndi ngozi chifukwa cholephera kuswa mabuleki. Inde, kuwonjezera pa chitetezo, pali ubwino wina womwe ndi wofunika kwambiri, womwe ndi wotsika mtengo.
Kupanga misewu kumawononga ndalama zambiri, ndipo misewu yayitali imawononga ndalama zambiri. Kwa dziko ngati dziko langa lomwe lili ndi malo akuluakulu, kupanga misewu kumawononga ndalama zambiri. Choncho tikamasankha zipangizo zapamsewu, sitiyenera kusankha zipangizo zotsika mtengo, komanso zotsika mtengo zokonzekera. Poyerekeza ndi zida zina zopalira, phula ili ndi ndalama zochepa zomanga ndi kukonza, zomwe zingabweretse phindu pazachuma pakumanga ndi kuyendetsa misewu yayikulu. Chifukwa chake, asphalt ndiyenso yabwino kusankha misewu yayikulu. Chifukwa chiyani malo olipiritsa amagwiritsa ntchito simenti? Malo okwerera misewu yayikulu ndi amodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri m'misewu yayikulu. Amagwira ntchito yoyang'anira kayendedwe ka magalimoto ndi kutolera zolipirira. Komabe, mungafune kudziŵa chifukwa chake misewu ya m’malo olipiritsayo ili ndi simenti m’malo mwa phula ngati misewu ikuluikulu. Mosiyana ndi zimenezi, simenti ndi yabwino kwambiri pokonza misewu m’malo olipiritsa. Chifukwa choyamba n’chakuti poyerekezera ndi phula, simenti ndi yamphamvu ndipo imatha kupirira kupanikizika kwa magalimoto ambiri odutsa. Izi ndizofunikira makamaka m'madera ozungulira malo olipira, chifukwa maderawa nthawi zambiri amafunika kunyamula katundu wolemera kuchokera ku magalimoto ndi magalimoto ena olemera. Chachiwiri, chifukwa cha kulimba kwa simenti, misewu yapamalo olipirako sifunika kukonzedwa ndi kukonzedwa pafupipafupi ngati misewu ya phula. Izi zikutanthauza kuti moyo wa msewu ndi wautali ndipo ndalama zambiri zokonzekera ndi kukonza zingathe kupulumutsidwa. Pomaliza, misewu ya simenti ndi yabwino kwambiri ku chilengedwe kuposa misewu ya phula. Panthawi yopanga asphalt, mpweya wambiri woipa ndi zinyalala umapangidwa. Kupanga simenti kumatulutsa mpweya wochepa wa carbon dioxide, ndipo misewu ya simenti ikagwetsedwa, zinthu za simenti zimatha kukonzedwanso ndi kugwiritsiridwa ntchitonso, kuchepetsa zinyalala ndi kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe.
Tsopano mukudziwa ubwino wa misewu ya simenti pamisewu ya asphalt.

Mapeto
Mwachidule, ntchito yomanga misewu yayikulu ku China imagwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana, chilichonse chomwe chili ndi zabwino zake komanso kuchuluka kwa ntchito. Kaya ndi asphalt, simenti kapena zipangizo zina, ndondomeko yabwino yomangamanga ingasankhidwe molingana ndi magawo osiyanasiyana amisewu ndi momwe magalimoto amayendera kuti atsimikizire chitetezo ndi kudalirika kwa msewu waukulu.
Ndi chitukuko cha chuma cha China ndi kupita patsogolo kwa chikhalidwe cha anthu, kumanga misewu yayikulu kudzakumana ndi zovuta zambiri komanso mwayi. Tiyenera kupitiriza kupanga zatsopano, kukonza misewu yabwino, ndi kulimbikitsa chitukuko chofulumira cha mayendedwe. Tikukhulupirira kuti ndi kuyesetsa kwa magulu onse, makampani amisewu yayikulu mdziko langa abweretsadi mawa abwinoko.