Guhindura igiteranyo na bitumen muri asfalt kugirango wubake imihanda bisaba uburyo bwo kuvanga ubushyuhe. Igihingwa cyo kuvanga asfalt ni ingenzi kuri ibi. Intego yo kuvanga asfalt ni uguhuza igiteranyo hamwe na asfalt hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru kugirango habeho kuvanga asifalti ivanze. Igiteranyo cyakoreshejwe gishobora kuba ikintu kimwe, ikomatanyirizo rito kandi ryiza, hamwe cyangwa ryuzuza amabuye y'agaciro. Ibikoresho bya binder bikoreshwa mubisanzwe ni asfalt ariko birashobora kuba emulion ya asfalt cyangwa kimwe mubikoresho bitandukanye byahinduwe. Inyongeramusaruro zitandukanye, zirimo ibikoresho byamazi nifu, nabyo birashobora kwinjizwa muruvange.

Hariho ubundi bwoko butatu buzwi cyane bwo kuvanga asfalt ishyushye ubu: kuvanga ibyiciro, kuvanga ingoma, no kuvanga ingoma zikomeza. Ubwoko bwose uko ari butatu bukora intego imwe yibanze, kandi ivangwa rya asfalt rigomba kuba risa cyane hatitawe ku bwoko bwibimera byakoreshejwe mu kubikora. Ubwoko butatu bwibimera buratandukanye, ariko, mubikorwa no gutembera kwibikoresho, nkuko byasobanuwe mubice bikurikira.

Batch Kuvanga Igiti cya Asfalt
uruganda ruvanga asfalt nibikoresho byingenzi kubigo byose byubaka umuhanda. Igice cyose cya asfalt kivanze nigikorwa cyibimera gifite imirimo myinshi. Ibihingwa bya Asfalt bitanga umusaruro ushushe wa asfalt murukurikirane rwibice. Iki cyiciro kivanga ibihingwa bitanga ivangwa rishyushye rya asfalt muburyo bukomeza. Birashoboka cyane guhindura no gukoresha ibi bikoresho kugirango habeho umusaruro ushushe wa asfalt ukoresheje ibikoresho bitunganijwe. Ubwoko bwibiti byubwoko bifite itandukaniro muribyo byemerera kongeramo RAP (Pavement isubiwemo asifalt). Ibigize uruganda rusanzwe rwo kuvanga asfalt ni: sisitemu ikonje, sisitemu yo gutanga asfalt, ibyuma byumye, kuvanga umunara, hamwe na sisitemu yo kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya. Umunara wibihingwa byicyiciro bigizwe na lift ishyushye, igorofa ya ecran, amabati ashyushye, icyuma gipima uburemere, indobo ipima asifalt, na pugmill. Igiteranyo gikoreshwa mukuvanga gikurwa mububiko kigashyirwa mubigega bikonjesha. Igiteranyo cy'ubunini butandukanye kigereranwa mu bigega byabo hamwe no guhuza ubunini bwo gufungura irembo hepfo ya buri binini n'umuvuduko w'umukandara wa convoyeur munsi ya binini. Mubisanzwe, umukandara wo kugaburira munsi ya buri bin ushyira igiteranyo kuri convoyeur ikusanyiriza munsi yububiko bwose bukonje. Igiteranyo gitwarwa na convoyeur ikoherezwa hanyuma ikoherezwa kuri convoyeur. Ibikoresho kuri convoyeur yishyurwa noneho bikajyanwa kumashanyarazi yumye.

Kuma ikora kuri konte-flux. Igiteranyo cyinjizwa mumashanyarazi kumpera yo hejuru hanyuma ikamanurwa munsi yingoma byombi kuzunguruka ingoma (gravity flow) hamwe nuburyo bwo kuguruka imbere byuma byuma. Icyotsa giherereye kumpera yo hepfo yumye, kandi imyuka isohoka ituruka kumuriro no kumisha igenda yerekeza kumpera yo hejuru yumye, irwanya (kurwanya) gutembera kwa agregate. Mugihe igiteranyo cyanyujijwe mu myuka isohoka, ibikoresho birashyuha kandi byumye. Ubushuhe bukurwaho kandi bugakorwa mu cyuma nkigice cya gazi isohoka.

Igiteranyo gishyushye, cyumye noneho gisohoka mu cyuma kumpera yo hepfo. Igiteranyo gishyushye gikunze kujyanwa hejuru yikimera kivanga umunara na lift. Iyo usohotse muri lift, igiteranyo gisanzwe kinyura mumurongo wikinyeganyeza muri, mubisanzwe, kimwe mubibiko bine bishyushye. Ibikoresho byiza byegeranijwe byanyuze muri ecran zose muri No 1 ishyushye; ibice byose byegeranye bitandukanijwe na
ibice bitandukanye-bigashyirwa muri kimwe mubindi bishyushye. Gutandukanya igiteranyo mubibindi bishyushye biterwa nubunini bwo gufungura muri ecran ikoreshwa mugice cya ecran hamwe no gutondekanya igiteranyo mubikonje bikonje.

Igiteranyo gishyushye, cyumye, kandi gifite ubunini gifashwe mu bigega bishyushye kugeza bisohotse mu irembo hepfo ya buri binini bikajya mu cyuma gipima. Umubare nyawo wa buri giterane ugenwa nuburemere.
Muri icyo gihe, igiteranyo kirimo kugereranywa no gupimwa, asfalt ivanwa mu kigega cyayo ikabikwa mu ndobo yihariye ishyushye iri ku munara uri hejuru ya pugmill. Umubare ukwiye wibikoresho bipimwa mu ndobo hanyuma bigafatwa kugeza bisizwe muri pugmill. Igiteranyo cyo gupima ibiro gisohoka muri pugmill yimpanga, kandi ibice bitandukanye byegeranye bivangwa hamwe mugihe gito cyane - mubisanzwe bitarenze amasegonda 5. Nyuma yiki gihe gito cyumye-kivanga, asfalt iva mu ndobo ipima irasohoka.

muri pugmill, kandi igihe cyo kuvanga gitangira. Igihe cyo kuvanga cyo kuvanga asfalt hamwe nigiteranyo ntigomba kuba kirenze icyari gikenewe kugirango yambike burundu ibice byose hamwe na firime yoroheje yibikoresho bya asfalt - mubisanzwe biri mumasegonda 25 kugeza kuri 35, hamwe nimpera yo hepfo yuru rwego kuba kuri pugmill imeze neza. Ingano yicyiciro kivanze muri pugmill irashobora kuba iri hagati ya toni 1.81 kugeza 5.44 (toni 2 kugeza kuri 6).
Iyo kuvanga birangiye, amarembo yo hepfo ya pugmill arakingurwa, hanyuma imvange isohoka mumodoka ikurura cyangwa mu gikoresho cyo gutwara gitwara imvange kuri silo aho amakamyo azapakirwa muburyo bwa batch. Kubihingwa byinshi, igihe gikenewe cyo gufungura amarembo ya pugmill no gusohora imvange ni amasegonda 5 kugeza kuri 7. Igihe cyose cyo kuvanga (gukama-kuvanga igihe + kuvanga igihe + kuvanga igihe cyo gusohora) mugice gishobora kuba kigufi nkamasegonda 40, ariko mubisanzwe, igihe cyo kuvanga cyose ni amasegonda 45.

Uruganda rufite ibikoresho byo kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya ikirere, bigizwe na sisitemu yo gukusanya no mu cyiciro cya kabiri. Ikusanyirizo ryumye cyangwa agasanduku gakomanga mubisanzwe bikoreshwa nkikusanyirizo ryibanze. Haba sisitemu ya scrubber itose cyangwa, cyane cyane, sisitemu yumye yo kuyungurura (baghouse) irashobora gukoreshwa nka sisitemu yo gukusanya kabiri kugirango ikureho ibintu biva mu myuka iva mu cyuma kandi byohereze umwuka mwiza mu kirere unyuze mu kirindiro. .
Niba RAP yinjijwe mu ruvange, ishyirwa mu bikoresho bitandukanye bikonje bikonjesha aho bigezwa ku gihingwa. RAP irashobora kongerwaho igiteranyo gishya muri kamwe mu turere dutatu: hepfo ya lift ishyushye; amabati ashyushye; cyangwa, mubisanzwe, umutwaro wo gupima. Gushyushya ubushyuhe hagati yubushyuhe bushya hamwe nibikoresho byagarutsweho bitangira mugihe ibyo bikoresho byombi bihuye bikomeza mugihe cyo kuvanga muri pugmill.


Ingoma Kuvanga Igiti cya Asfalt
Ugereranije nubwoko bwicyiciro, kuvanga ingoma ya asfalt bifite igihombo gike cyumuriro, imbaraga nke zakazi, nta kurengerwa, umukungugu muke uguruka no kugenzura ubushyuhe buhamye. Sisitemu yo kugenzura ihita ihindura igipimo cya asfalt ukurikije igipimo cyo gutembera hamwe no kugereranya igenamigambi rya asfalt-igiteranyo, kugirango habeho umusaruro ugereranije. Ivangavanga rya asfalt nubwoko bwibimera bishyirwa mubikorwa nkibimera bivangavanze, bitanga ivangwa rishyushye rya asfalt muburyo bukomeza.

Mubisanzwe sisitemu yo kugaburira ubukonje kumurongo wa HMA hamwe ningoma-ivanga ingoma birasa. Buri kimwe kigizwe n'ibikonje bikonje, ibyokurya, ibyokurya, hamwe na conge. Ku bimera byinshi bivanga ingoma no kubihingwa bimwe na bimwe, ecran ya ecran yashyizwe muri sisitemu mugihe runaka. Niba RAP nayo irimo kugaburirwa muruganda kugirango ikore ivangwa ryongeye gukoreshwa, inyongera cyangwa ibiryo bikonje bikonje, umukandara wo kugaburira hamwe na / cyangwa guteranya convoyeur, ecran ya scalping, hamwe na convoyeur ikenewe kugirango ukemure ibikoresho byiyongereye. kuvanga ingoma bigizwe nibice bitanu byingenzi: sisitemu yo kugaburira imbeho, sisitemu yo gutanga asfalt, kuvanga ingoma, kubaga cyangwa kubika silos, hamwe nibikoresho bya emissioncontrol.

Ibigega bikonjesha bikonje bikoreshwa mukugereranya ibikoresho nibihingwa. Impinduka-yihuta yo kugaburira umukandara ikoreshwa munsi ya buri bin. Ingano yegeranijwe yakuwe muri buri bin irashobora kugenzurwa nubunini bwugurura amarembo hamwe n umuvuduko wumukandara wo kugaburira kugirango itange neza neza ibikoresho bitandukanye. Igiteranyo kuri buri mukandara wo kugaburira gishyirwa kuri convoyeur ikusanya munsi yibiryo byose bikonje. Ibikoresho byahujwe mubisanzwe binyuzwa mugice cya scalping hanyuma bigashyikirizwa convoyeur yishyuza kugirango bitwarwe kuvanga ingoma.

Umuyoboro wamashanyarazi ufite ibikoresho bibiri bikoreshwa mukumenya umubare rusange wogushikirizwa uruganda: ikiraro kiremereye munsi yumukandara wa convoyeur gipima uburemere bwa agregate kinyura hejuru yacyo, kandi sensor igena umuvuduko wumukandara. Indangagaciro zombi zikoreshwa mukubara uburemere butose bwa agregate, muri toni (toni) kumasaha, byinjira kuvanga ingoma. Mudasobwa yibimera, hamwe nubunini bwubushuhe muri agregate yatanzwe nkigiciro cyinjiza, ihindura uburemere butose nuburemere bwumye kugirango hamenyekane urugero rukwiye rwa asfalt ikenewe mukuvanga.

Ivangavanga risanzwe rivanze ni parallel-itemba-imyuka isohoka hamwe na hamwe bigenda mu cyerekezo kimwe. Icyotsa giherereye kumpera yo hejuru (agregate inlet end) yingoma. Igiteranyo cyinjira mu ngoma haba muri chute yegeranye hejuru yumuriro cyangwa kuri convoyeur ya Slinger munsi yumuriro. Igiteranyo cyimuwe munsi yingoma hamwe nuburemere bwingufu hamwe nuburyo bwindege ziri imbere yingoma. Iyo igenda, igiterane kirashyuha kandi amazi akurwaho. Umwenda wuzuye wa agregate wubatswe hafi yuburebure bwingoma kugirango ufashe mugikorwa cyo guhererekanya ubushyuhe.

Niba RAP yongewe kumurongo mushya, ishyirwa mububiko bwayo bukonjesha kandi ikusanya / kwishyuza sisitemu ya convoyeur yinjira mumurongo uherereye hagati yuburebure bwingoma (sisitemu yo kugaburira-kugaburira). Muri ubu buryo, ibikoresho byasubiwemo birindwa imyuka yo hejuru yubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe nigitwikirizo gishya cyegeranye hejuru ya RAP yinjira. Iyo ivanze nibintu byinshi bya RAP bikoreshejwe, birashoboka cyane ko RAP izaba ishyushye mubikorwa. Ibi birashobora gutuma umwotsi usohoka mu ngoma cyangwa kwangirika kuri RAP.

Ibikoresho bishya hamwe nibisubirwamo, nibikoreshwa, jya hamwe mugice cyinyuma cyingoma. Asfalt ikurwa mu kigega kibikwa na pompe ikagaburirwa muri metero, aho hagenwe ingano ikwiye ya asfalt. Ibikoresho bya binder noneho bigezwa binyuze mumiyoboro yinyuma yingoma ivanze, aho asfalt yatewe muri rusange. Gupfundikanya igiteranyo kibaho mugihe ibikoresho byegeranye hamwe bikimurirwa kumpera yingoma. Amabuye y'agaciro yuzuza cyangwa amande ya baghouse, cyangwa byombi, nabyo byongewe inyuma yingoma, haba mbere cyangwa bifatanije no kongeramo asfalt.

Uruvange rwa asfalt rushyirwa mubikoresho bitanga (gukurura slat convoyeur, convoyeur, cyangwa lift indobo) kugirango bijyanwe muri silo yabitswe. Silo ihindura urujya n'uruza rw'uruvange mu cyiciro cyo gusohora mu modoka ikurura.

Muri rusange, ubwoko bumwe bwibikoresho byo kugenzura ibyuka bihumanya bikoreshwa ku ruganda ruvanga ingoma nko ku ruganda. Ikusanyirizo ryibanze ryumye hamwe na sisitemu ya scrubber itose cyangwa igikapu cya kabiri cyakusanyirijwe hamwe. Niba sisitemu itose ya scrubber ikoreshwa, ihazabu yakusanyijwe ntishobora gusubirwamo muvanga kandi igapfusha ubusa; niba igikapu cyakoreshejwe, amande yakusanyijwe arashobora gusubizwa yose cyangwa igice cyayo kuvanga ingoma, cyangwa birashobora guta.


Gukomeza Kuvanga Igiti cya Asfalt
Mu bimera bikomeza nta guhagarika ingendo yumusaruro kuko injyana yumusaruro itacitsemo ibice. Kuvanga ibikoresho bibera imbere yingoma yumye irambuye, kuko yumye ikavanga ibikoresho icyarimwe. Kubera ko nta munara cyangwa inzitizi zivanga, sisitemu rero yoroshye cyane, hamwe nigabanuka ryibiciro byo kubungabunga. Kubura kwa ecran ariko bituma biba ngombwa kugira igenzura ryuzuye mugitangira cyumusaruro, mbere yuko igiteranyo kigaburirwa mukuma na mbere yuko gisohoka mumashanyarazi nka asfalt.

GUHUZA AMATORERO
Bisa nicyiciro cyo kuvanga asfalt,
umusaruro wikizunguruka cyibimera bikomeza aslo bitangirana nimbeho ikonje, aho igiteranyo gihurizwa nubunini; nibisabwa, ikuramo umucanga irashobora gushyirwaho umukandara wo gupima.
Igenzura ryuburemere bwuzuye bwinkumi, ariko, bikorwa mubice bibiri bitandukanye byumuzunguruko mubihingwa byombi bitandukanye. Mu bwoko bukomeza hariho umukandara wo kugaburira, mbere yuko igiteranyo cy’amazi kigaburirwa mu ngoma yumye, aho ubuhehere bwashyizwe mu ntoki kugira ngo uburemere bw’amazi bukurwe. Niyo mpamvu ari ngombwa cyane kubijyanye nubushuhe buri muri rusange, cyane cyane umucanga, kugira agaciro gahoraho gakurikiranwa hifashishijwe ibizamini bya laboratoire.

KUBONA BITUMEN
Mu bimera bikomeza gupima bitumen muri rusange ni volumetric binyuze muri litiro-konte ikurikira pompe y'ibiryo. Ubundi, birashoboka gushiraho compte ya misa, guhitamo bikenewe niba bitumen yahinduwe ikoreshwa, bisaba ibikorwa byogusukura kenshi.

Kuzuza ibipimo
Mu bimera bikomeza sisitemu yo gupima ubusanzwe ni volumetric, ikoresheje imigozi ihindagurika-yihuta yo kugaburira yasimbuye sisitemu yambere yo gupima pneumatike.

Igenzura ni ubwoko bwa PLC mubihingwa byose byohereza hanze. Iki nigiciro kinini cyiyongereye kuko dushobora guhitamo PLC nkuko tubisabwa. Imvange yingoma ifite ibikoresho bya PLC ni imashini itandukanye nigihingwa gifite microprocessor. Umwanya wa PLC nawo urimo kubungabunga kubuntu ugereranije na microprocessor panel. Buri gihe twemera guha ibyiza abakiriya kugirango bashobore gukomeza imbere yaya marushanwa. Ntabwo ababikora bose n'abasohora ibicuruzwa byingoma ya asfalt batanga igihingwa hamwe na panel ya PLC.

Kwipimisha mbere yibihingwa byose bikorwa kugirango harebwe ko ikintu cyose gisize uruganda rwacu cyiteguye gukora hamwe ningorane nke kurubuga.

Sinoroader ifite uburambe bwimyaka irenga 30 yo gukora nibicuruzwa bishyigikiwe na serivise yumwuga hamwe nibiciro bihendutse kuburyo ukunda kandi ugakoresha ibikoresho byawe mumyaka iri imbere.