[1]. Ibintu nyamukuru bigira ingaruka kumusaruro wibiti bivangwa na asfalt
1. Ikigereranyo cyo kuvanga beto ya asfalt ntabwo aricyo
Ikigereranyo cyo kuvanga ivangwa rya asfalt kinyura mubikorwa byose byubatswe hejuru yumuhanda, bityo rero siyanse yubumenyi hagati yikigereranyo cyayo nivanga ryumusaruro bigira uruhare runini mubikorwa no kubaka. Ikigereranyo cyo kuvanga umusaruro udafite ishingiro cyo kuvanga asfalt bizaganisha kuri beto ya asifalt ntujuje ibyangombwa, bigira ingaruka kumibereho ya serivise ya kaburimbo ya asfalt no kugenzura ibiciro bya kaburimbo ya asfalt.
2. Ubushyuhe bwo gusohora beto ya asifalt ntabwo ihagaze
"Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki yo kubaka umuhanda wa Asfalt Umuhanda" uteganya neza ko kugirango ibiti bivangwa na asfalt rimwe na rimwe, ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya asfalt bugomba kugenzurwa hagati ya 150-170 ° C, kandi ubushyuhe bwa rusange bugomba kuba 10-10% hejuru yubushyuhe bwa asfalt. -20 ℃, ubushyuhe bwuruganda rwuruvange muri rusange ni 140 kugeza 165 ℃. Niba ubushyuhe butujuje ubuziranenge, indabyo zizagaragara, ariko niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, asfalt irashya, bikagira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere ya kaburimbo no kuzunguruka.
3. Kuvanga imvange
Mbere yo kuvanga ibikoresho, moderi yo gutekesha hamwe nibipimo bigomba kugenzurwa cyane kubikoresho bivanga nibikoresho bifasha kugirango harebwe ko isura zose zifite imbaraga zimeze neza. Muri icyo gihe, ibikoresho byo gupima bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe kugirango harebwe niba ingano ya asfalt hamwe n’ibiteranyo bivangwa byujuje ibisabwa na "Tekiniki ya tekiniki". Ibikoresho byo gukora uruganda ruvanga bigomba gushyirwa ahantu hanini kandi byoroshye gutwara abantu. Muri icyo gihe, hagomba gutegurwa ibikoresho by’igihe gito bitangiza amazi, kurinda imvura, gukumira inkongi z’umuriro n’izindi ngamba z’umutekano. Nyuma yo kuvanga bivanze neza, birasabwa ko imyunyu ngugu yose igomba gupfunyikwa na asfalt, kandi ntihakagombye kubaho gupfunyika kimwe, nta kintu cyera, nta guhuriza hamwe cyangwa gutandukanya. Mubisanzwe, igihe cyo kuvanga ivangwa rya asfalt ni amasegonda 5 kugeza 10 yo kuvanga byumye n'amasegonda arenga 45 yo kuvanga amazi, kandi igihe cyo kuvanga SMA kivanze kigomba kongerwa muburyo bukwiye. Igihe cyo kuvanga igihe kivanze ntigishobora kugabanuka kugirango wongere umusaruro.

[2]. Isesengura ryamakosa asanzwe muri asfalt beto ivanga ibihingwa
1. Kunanirwa gusesengura ibikoresho bikonje byo kugaburira ibikoresho bikonje
Yaba moteri yumuvuduko wumukandara cyangwa umukandara wibikoresho bikonje byafashwe munsi yikintu runaka, bizagira ingaruka kumihindagurikire yumuvuduko wihuta. Niba umuzenguruko wihuta wihuta wumukandara wananiranye, hagomba gukorwa igenzura rirambuye ryumuvuduko ukabije kugirango harebwe niba rishobora gukora. Mubisanzwe, niba nta muzunguruko mugufi, umukandara wa convoyeur ugomba kugenzurwa kugirango urebe niba utandukira cyangwa unyerera. Niba ari ikibazo cyumukandara wa convoyeur, bigomba guhindurwa bidatinze kandi byumvikana kugirango imikorere isanzwe yimikorere.
2. Isesengura ryibibazo bivangwa
Ibibazo bivangavanze bigaragarira cyane cyane mu rusaku rudasanzwe mugihe cyo kubaka. Muri iki gihe, dukeneye kubanza gusuzuma niba moteri ya moteri idahindagurika kubera uburemere bwimvange. Mu rundi rubanza, tugomba gusuzuma niba imiyoboro ifite uruhare runini ishobora kwangirika. Ibi birasaba abakozi gukora igenzura ryuzuye, gusana ibyuma, no gusimbuza ibice bivangavanze byangiritse mugihe gikwiye kugirango birinde ubuso butavanze.
3. Isesengura ryibibazo bya sensor
Hariho ibihe bibiri mugihe hari ibibazo hamwe na sensor. Ikintu kimwe nigihe iyo gupakira agaciro ka silo atari byo. Muri iki gihe, sensor igomba kugenzurwa. Niba sensor yananiwe, igomba gusimburwa mugihe. Ibindi bihe ni mugihe umunzani wapimye. Niba hari ikibazo na sensor, nkeneye guhita nkuraho ikibazo cyamahanga.
4. Gutwika ntibishobora gutwika no gutwika bisanzwe.
Kubibazo ikibazo cyo gutwika kidashobora gutwika mubisanzwe mugihe ibicuruzwa bishyushye, uyikoresha agomba gukoresha uburyo bukurikira kugirango ikibazo gikemuke: ubugenzuzi bwuzuye bwicyumba cyo gukoreramo na buri gikoresho cyo gutwika, nkumuriro wamashanyarazi wumukandara, amashanyarazi, roller, umufana nibindi bice Reba muburyo burambuye, hanyuma urebe aho valve yaka yumuriro wumufana, reba uko umuryango wumuyaga ukonje uhagaze, gufungura no gufunga umuryango wabafana, uko ingoma yumye n'umuvuduko w'imbere imbere, niba igikoresho kiri muburyo bwintoki, kandi ibipimo byose byujuje ibisabwa. Muri leta, andika intambwe ya kabiri yubugenzuzi: reba niba uruziga rwa peteroli rusobanutse, niba igikoresho cyo gutwika ari ibisanzwe, kandi niba pake y’amashanyarazi yangiritse. Niba ikibazo kidashobora kuboneka, jya ku ntambwe ya gatatu hanyuma ukureho electrode yo gutwika. Kuramo igikoresho hanyuma urebe isuku yacyo, harimo niba uruziga rwamavuta rwahagaritswe numwanda wamavuta kandi niba hari intera ifatika hagati ya electrode. Niba igenzura ryavuzwe haruguru risanzwe, ugomba rero gukora igenzura rirambuye kumikorere ya pompe ya lisansi. Reba kandi ugerageze niba umuvuduko uri ku cyambu cya pompe wujuje ibintu bisanzwe.
5. Isesengura ryimikorere idasanzwe idasanzwe
Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumuvuduko wimbere wa blower harimo ahanini ibintu bibiri: blower hamwe numushinga watanzwe. Iyo blower itanga umuvuduko mwiza mungoma, umushinga uteganijwe uzana umuvuduko mubi mungoma, kandi umuvuduko mubi watanzwe ntushobora kuba munini cyane, bitabaye ibyo umukungugu uzasohoka uva kumpande enye zingoma kandi bikagira ingaruka kubidukikije.
Iyo igitutu kibi kibaye mungoma yumisha, abakozi bagomba gukora ibikorwa bikurikira: Kugirango hamenyekane imikorere ya damper, umwuka wumuyaga wumushinga uteganijwe ugomba kugenzurwa cyane. Iyo damper itimutse, urashobora kuyishyira mubikorwa byintoki, ugahindura damper kumwanya wintoki, ukareba niba ikora mubisanzwe, kandi ugakuraho ibintu byafashwe. Niba ishobora gufungurwa nintoki, hanyuma ukurikire intambwe Kora iperereza rirambuye kubikorwa bijyanye. Icya kabiri, hashingiwe ko damper yumushinga uteganijwe ushobora gukoreshwa mubisanzwe, abakozi bakeneye gukora igenzura rirambuye ku kibaho cy’imisemburo, bakareba niba hari ikibazo kijyanye n’icyuma cyacyo cyangwa amashanyarazi, bagashaka icyateye impanuka, no kugikemura mubuhanga mugihe gikwiye.
6. Isesengura ryikigereranyo cyamavuta-amabuye
Ikigereranyo cya whetstone bivuga igipimo rusange cya asfalt n'umucanga nibindi byuzuza muri beto ya asfalt. Nikimenyetso cyingenzi cyane cyo kugenzura ubwiza bwa beto ya asfalt. Niba igipimo cyamavuta namabuye ari kinini cyane, bizatera "amavuta ya cake" kugaragara nyuma yo gushiraho no kuzunguruka. Ariko, niba igipimo cyamavuta-amabuye ari gito cyane, ibintu bifatika bizatandukana, bikaviramo gutsindwa. Ibihe byombi ni impanuka zikomeye.
7. Isesengura ryibibazo bya ecran
Ikibazo nyamukuru hamwe na ecran ni ukugaragara kwimyobo muri ecran, bizatera igiteranyo kuva kurwego rwabanje kwinjira muri silo yurwego rukurikira. Uruvange rugomba gukopororwa kugirango rukurwe kandi rusuzumwe. Niba ibuye ryuruvange ruvanze ari runini , amavuta ya cake yibintu azabaho nyuma yo gushiraho no kuzunguruka hejuru yumuhanda. Kubwibyo, niba buri gihe cyigihe cyangwa ibintu bidasanzwe bibaye mugukuramo no kwerekana amakuru, ugomba gutekereza kugenzura ecran.

[3]. Kubungabunga ibiti bivangwa na asfalt
1. Kubungabunga ibigega
Ikigega cya asfalt nigikoresho cyingenzi cyuruvange rwa beto kandi rushobora kwangirika cyane. Mubisanzwe, amasahani yatondekanye, kuvanga amaboko, ibyuma hamwe no kunyeganyeza kashe yumuryango wa kuvanga asfalt bigomba guhinduka kandi bigasimburwa mugihe ukurikije uko kwambara no kurira, kandi nyuma ya buri beto ivanze, ikigega kigomba guhanagurwa mugihe kugirango gisukure kuvanga. igihingwa. Beto isigaye muri tank hamwe na beto yometse kumuryango wibikoresho igomba gukaraba neza kugirango birinde beto muri tank. Reba kandi kenshi niba umuryango wibikoresho ufungura kandi ugafunga byoroshye kugirango wirinde gukomanga kumuryango wibikoresho. Mugihe cyo kubungabunga ikigega, amashanyarazi agomba guhagarikwa, kandi umuntu witanze agomba gushingwa kubyitondera neza. Mbere ya buri kuzamura, menya neza ko nta kintu cy’amahanga kiri muri tank, kandi wirinde gutangira moteri nyamukuru n'umutwaro.
2. Kubungabunga inzitizi
Imipaka ya asfalt ya beto ivanga uruganda rurimo imipaka yo hejuru, imipaka yo hasi, imipaka ntarengwa hamwe n’umuzenguruko w’umuzunguruko, nibindi. Mugihe cyakazi, ibyiyumvo no kwizerwa bya buri cyerekezo bigomba kugenzurwa neza. Ubugenzuzi bukubiyemo cyane cyane niba ibice bigize uruziga rugenzura, ingingo hamwe nu nsinga zimeze neza, kandi niba imizunguruko ari ibisanzwe. Ibi bizagira ingaruka kumikorere itekanye yuruganda ruvanga.

[4]. Imvange ya asfalt ivanga ingamba zo kugenzura ubuziranenge
1. Igiteranyo cyuzuye kigira uruhare runini muri beto ya asfalt. Muri rusange, amabuye afite ubunini bwa 2,36 kugeza kuri 25mm muri rusange bita coarse aggregate. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane murwego rwo hejuru rwa beto kugirango ishimangire ibintu bya granulaire, byongere ubwumvikane buke kandi bigabanye ibintu bitera kwimuka. Ibi bisaba ko imiterere yubukanishi bwa coarse yegeranye ishobora guhuza ibyo ikeneye mubijyanye nimiterere yimiti, kugirango igere ku ntego ya tekiniki. ibikenewe kandi bifite imiterere yihariye yumubiri, nkubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwimikorere yumubiri, ubwinshi bwibintu nimbaraga zigira ingaruka. Nyuma yo guhunika hamwe, ubuso bugomba gukomeza kuba bubi, kandi imiterere yumubiri igomba kuba cube ifite impande nimpande zigaragara, aho Ibigize ibice bimeze nkurushinge bigomba kubikwa kurwego rwo hasi, kandi guterana imbere ni ugereranije. Urutare rwajanjaguwe hamwe nubunini buke buri hagati ya 0.075 na 2,36mm hamwe hamwe byitwa agregate nziza, zirimo ahanini ifu nifu yifu. Ubu bwoko bubiri bwibintu byiza bisabwa cyane kandi ntibyemewe guhuzwa cyangwa gufatirwa kubintu byose. Kubintu byangiza, imbaraga zuzuzanya hagati yingingo zigomba gushimangirwa muburyo bukwiye, kandi ikinyuranyo hagati yabaterankunga nacyo kigomba guhagarikwa kugirango byongere imbaraga nimbaraga zibintu.
2. Iyo imvange ivanze, kuvanga bigomba gukorwa cyane ukurikije ubushyuhe bwubwubatsi bwagenewe kuvangwa na asfalt. Mbere yo kuvanga imvange bitangira buri munsi, ubushyuhe bugomba kwiyongera neza kuri 10 ° C kugeza kuri 20 ° C hashingiwe kuri ubu bushyuhe. Muri ubu buryo, kuvanga asfalt Ubwiza bwibikoresho ni ingirakamaro cyane. Ubundi buryo ni ukugabanya mu buryo bukwiye ingano ya agregate yinjira muri barri yumye, kongera ubushyuhe bwumuriro, no kwemeza ko mugihe utangiye kuvanga, ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwa coarse hamwe na agregate nziza hamwe na asfalt biri hejuru gato kurenza agaciro kagenwe, ibi irashobora gukumira neza isafuriya ivanze isafuriya guta.
3. Mbere yuko imirimo yo kubaka ikorwa, isuzuma ryamanota yibice byose bigomba kubanza gukorwa. Iyi gahunda yo gusuzuma irahambaye cyane kandi igira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye ubwubatsi bwumushinga. Mubihe bisanzwe, akenshi usanga hariho itandukaniro rinini hagati yikigereranyo nukuri kugereranyo. Kugirango turusheho gukora igipimo nyacyo gihuye nigipimo cyagenwe, birakenewe ko uhindura neza ukurikije umuvuduko wa moteri ya moteri ya hopper nigipimo cyo kugaburira. , kugirango turusheho kwemeza guhuzagurika bityo bigerweho neza kugera kubikorwa bihuye.
4. Mugihe kimwe, ubushobozi bwo kwerekana ecran bugira ingaruka kumiterere ya kimwe cya kabiri nigisohoka hasi kurwego runaka. Mugihe cyuburambe buke, niba ushaka gukora akazi keza mugusuzuma ecran, ugomba gushyiraho umuvuduko utandukanye. gusohoza. Kugirango habeho umusaruro usanzwe wa geotextile no kwemeza ko nta kosa rinini riri mu gutondekanya ibikoresho by’amabuye y'agaciro, ibikoresho by'amabuye y'agaciro bigomba kugereranywa ukurikije umusaruro uteganijwe mbere yo kubaka, kandi ibipimo by'umusaruro bigomba guhuzwa n'ibipimo byagenwe. , kugirango idahinduka mugihe cyubwubatsi.
5. Hashingiwe ku kwemeza ikoreshwa risanzwe ry’imvange ya asfalt, ni ngombwa gushyiraho umubare nyawo w’imikoreshereze y’imisemburo yihariye hamwe n’ifu y’amabuye y'agaciro, kandi icyarimwe ukagabanya mu buryo bukwiye ingano y’imikoreshereze y’ifu y’amabuye y'agaciro; icya kabiri, witondere kutabasha kuyikoresha mugihe cyo kuvanga ubwubatsi. Hindura ingano ya damper, hanyuma uhe abakozi babigize umwuga gukora igenzura rihoraho kugirango barebe ko umubyimba wa membrane ya asfalt wujuje ibyangombwa byubwubatsi, ukabuza kuvanga kwerekana ibara ryera, no kuzamura ubwubatsi.
6. Igihe cyo kuvanga no kuvanga ubushyuhe bwuruvange bigomba kugenzurwa cyane. Uburinganire bwimvange ya asfalt bufite isano ya hafi nuburebure bwigihe cyo kuvanga. Byombi biragereranijwe, ni ukuvuga igihe kinini, bizaba byinshi. Ariko, niba igihe kitagenzuwe neza, asfalt izasaza, bizagira ingaruka kumiterere yuruvange. bigira ingaruka mbi ku bwiza. Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe bugomba kugenzurwa mubuhanga mugihe cyo kuvanga. Igihe cyo kuvanga cya buri sahani yibikoresho bivanga rimwe na rimwe bigenzurwa hagati yamasegonda 45-50, mugihe igihe cyo kuvanga cyumye kigomba kuba kirenze amasegonda 5-10, bitewe nigihe cyo kuvanga kivanze. Kangura neza nkuko bisanzwe.
Muri make, nkabakozi bavanga uruganda mugihe gishya, tugomba kumenya neza akamaro ko gushimangira ubuziranenge no gufata neza ibikoresho bivanga asfalt. Gusa mugucunga ubuziranenge bwibiti bivangwa na asfalt gusa turashobora kwemeza kuvanga asfalt Gusa nukuzamura ubwiza bwumusaruro wibihingwa bivangwa na Asfalt dushobora kubyara umusaruro mwiza wo mu rwego rwo hejuru kandi unoze, dushyiraho urufatiro rukomeye rwo kuzamura ireme ryumushinga.