Igice fatizo cya pavement ya asfalt igabanijwemo igice-gikomeye kandi gikomeye. Kubera ko ibice fatizo hamwe nubuso bwububiko ari ibikoresho byimiterere itandukanye, guhuza neza no gukomeza hagati yabyo nibyo bisabwa hejuru kuri ubu bwoko bwa pavement. Byongeye kandi, mugihe igice cyo hejuru cya asfalt cyinjiye mumazi, amazi menshi azaba yibanze kumurongo uhuriweho nubutaka bwibanze, bigatera kwangirika kumuhanda wa asfalt nko guhubuka, kurekura, no mubyobo. Kubwibyo, kongeramo kashe yo hepfo hejuru yikigice cyakomeye cyangwa gikomeye cyibanze bizagira uruhare runini mukuzamura imbaraga, ituze hamwe nubushobozi bwo kwirinda amazi bwurwego rwa pavement. Bikunze gukoreshwa cyane ni ugukoresha asfalt gravel synchronous kashe ya tekinoroji.
Ikimenyetso cyo hepfo
Ihuza hagati
Hariho itandukaniro rigaragara hagati yubuso bwa asfalt hamwe nigice cya kabiri cyangwa gikomeye cyibanze ukurikije imiterere, ibikoresho byo guhimba, tekinoroji yubwubatsi nigihe. Ubuso bwo kunyerera bwakozwe muburyo bugaragara hagati yubuso nuburinganire bwibanze. Nyuma yo kongeramo kashe yo hepfo, urwego rwo hejuru hamwe nigice fatizo birashobora guhuzwa neza murimwe.
Kwimura umutwaro
Ubuso bwa asfalt hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri cyangwa gikomeye cyibanze bigira uruhare rutandukanye muri sisitemu yuburyo bwa pavement. Ubuso bwa asfalt bugira uruhare runini rwo kurwanya skid, kutirinda amazi, kurwanya urusaku, kunyerera no gukata, no kohereza imitwaro kurwego rwibanze. Kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kohereza umutwaro, hagomba kubaho ubudahwema bukomeye hagati yubuso bwububiko. Uku gukomeza kurashobora kugerwaho binyuze mumikorere ya kashe yo hepfo yo gufunga (layer adhesive layer, permeable layer).
Kongera imbaraga z'umuhanda
Moderi ya elastike yubuso bwa asfalt hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri gikomeye cyangwa gikomeye. Iyo bihujwe hamwe kandi bigakorerwa umutwaro, uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza impagarara za buri cyiciro kiratandukanye kandi deformasiyo nayo iratandukanye. Mubikorwa byumutwaro uhagaze hamwe ningaruka zingaruka zikinyabiziga, Igice cyo hejuru kizagira icyerekezo cyo kwimuka ugereranije nigice fatizo. Niba ubushyamirane bwimbere nimbaraga zihuza urwego rwubuso ubwabwo hamwe no kunama no guhagarika umutima munsi yubutaka bwubuso ntibishobora kwihanganira iyi mpagarara zihindagurika, urwego rwo hejuru ruzagira ikibazo cyo gusunika, gutitira, ndetse no kurekura no gukuramo. Kubwibyo, hagomba gutangwa izindi mbaraga kugirango Irinde uru rugendo hagati yinzego. Nyuma yo kongeramo igifuniko cyo hasi, imbaraga zo guhuza hamwe no guhuza imbaraga kugirango birinde kugenda byiyongera hagati yurwego, rushobora gukora imirimo yo guhuza no guhinduka hagati yubukonje nubwitonzi, kugirango igorofa yubuso, igipande fatizo, umusego wubutaka hamwe nubutaka bwubutaka bishobora kurwanya umutwaro hamwe. Kugirango tugere ku ntego yo kuzamura imbaraga rusange zubuso bwumuhanda.
Amazi adashobora gukoreshwa n'amazi
Muburyo butandukanye bwubatswe bwumuhanda wa asfalt, byibuze igice kimwe kigomba kuba ubwoko bwa I dense-urwego rwa asfalt ivanze. Intego yacyo nukuzamura ubucucike bwurwego rwo hejuru no gukumira amazi yo hejuru kutangirika no kwangiza pavement na pavement. Ariko ibi byonyine ntibihagije, kuko usibye ibintu byashushanyije, kubaka beto ya asfalt nabyo bigira ingaruka kubintu byinshi nkubwiza bwa asfalt, imitungo yamabuye, ibisobanuro byamabuye nuburinganire, igipimo cyamavuta yamabuye, kuvanga no gutunganya pave, ubushyuhe buzunguruka , igihe cyo kuzunguruka, nibindi Ingaruka. Igice cyo hejuru, kigomba kuba gifite ubucucike bwiza kandi hafi ya zeru zinjira mu mazi, akenshi gifite amazi menshi bitewe n’umuhuza runaka utari uhari, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku bushobozi bwo kurwanya imyanda ya kaburimbo ya asfalt. Ndetse bigira ingaruka no gutuza kwa asfalt ubwayo, urwego shingiro nubutaka bwubutaka. Kubwibyo, "Ibisobanuro bya tekiniki yo kubaka umuhanda wa Asfalt Umuhanda" uteganya neza ko iyo biherereye ahantu hagwa imvura kandi hejuru yubutaka bwa asfalt hagaragaramo icyuho kinini n’amazi akomeye, hagomba gushyirwaho urwego rwo hasi rwo gufunga munsi yubutaka bwa asfalt.
Gahunda yo kubaka kashe yo hasi
Ihame ryakazi ryo gufunga amabuye ya kaburimbo ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byihariye byubwubatsi, imashini ifunga amabuye ya kaburimbo, kugirango utere asfalt yubushyuhe bwo hejuru kandi usukuye, wumye kandi wambaye amabuye hejuru yumuhanda hafi icyarimwe, urebe ko asfalt namabuye byatewe kuri ubuso bwumuhanda mugihe gito. Uzuza guhuza kandi uhore ushimangira imbaraga munsi yumutwaro wo hanze.
Ubwoko butandukanye bwa asifalti irashobora gukoreshwa mugihe kimwe cyo gufunga icyarimwe cya kaburimbo ya asfalt: koroshya asifalt yera, polymer SBS yahinduye asfalt, emulifike asifalt, polymer yahinduwe emulisifike, asifalt, nibindi. Kugeza ubu, inzira ikoreshwa cyane mubushinwa ni kuri shyushya asfalt isanzwe ishyushye kuri 140 ° C cyangwa ubushyuhe SBS yahinduye asfalt kuri 170 ° C. Koresha ikamyo ikwirakwiza asifalt kugirango utere asifalt hejuru yubuso bwibanze cyangwa igice cyakomeye, hanyuma ukwirakwize hamwe. Igiteranyo gikozwe mu mabuye ya hekimoni afite ubunini bwa 13.2 ~ 19mm. Igomba kuba ifite isuku, yumye, idafite ikirere, idafite umwanda, kandi ifite imiterere myiza. Ingano ya kaburimbo igomba kuba hagati ya 60% na 70% yubuso bwuzuye.
Igipimo cya asfalt hamwe na agregate bigenzurwa ukurikije umubare ntarengwa wa 1200kg · km-2 na 9m3 · km-2. Kubaka ukurikije iyi gahunda bisaba uburinganire bwuzuye muburyo bwo gutera asfalt no gukwirakwiza hamwe, bityo ikamyo ya asfalt ya kaburimbo ikomatanya igomba gukoreshwa mubwubatsi. Hejuru yubuso bwa sima-itunganijwe neza ya kaburimbo yatewe, ikwirakwiza asfalt ishyushye cyangwa SBS yahinduwe asfalt ingana na 1,2 ~ 2.0kg · km-2, hanyuma ikwirakwiza igice cya kaburimbo hamwe nigice kimwe. ingano hejuru. Ingano yubunini bwa kaburimbo na kaburimbo igomba guhuza ingano yubunini bwa beto ya asfalt yashizwe kumurongo utarimo amazi. Agace kayo gakwirakwizwa ni 60% kugeza kuri 70% ya kaburimbo yuzuye, hanyuma umugozi wa rubber wifashishwa muguhagarika umuvuduko inshuro 1 kugeza kuri 2 kugirango ubeho. Intego yo gukwirakwiza amabuye manini manini ni ukurinda igipangu kitarimo amazi kwangirika n’amapine y’imodoka zubaka nkamakamyo hamwe n’imihanda ivanze ya asifalt mu gihe cyo kubaka, no gukumira asifalti yahinduwe gushonga n’ikirere cy’ubushyuhe bwo hejuru. hamwe na asfalt ishyushye ivanze. Uruziga ruzakomeza kandi rugire ingaruka kubwubatsi.
Mubyukuri, amabuye ntabwo ahura nundi. Iyo ushyizeho imvange ya asfalt, ivangwa ryubushyuhe bwo hejuru rizinjira mu cyuho kiri hagati ya kaburimbo, bigatuma asifalt yahinduwe ihinduranya ubushyuhe. Nyuma yo kuzunguruka no guhuzagurika, amabuye yera ahinduka amabuye ya Asfalt ashyirwa munsi yumurongo wubatswe wa asfalt kugirango ube byose, kandi "urwego rukungahaye kuri peteroli" rugera kuri 1.5cm ruba munsi yurwego rwubatswe, rushobora gukora neza nkigice kitarimo amazi.
