. Gucunga ibikoresho fatizo bikubiyemo cyane cyane uburyo bwo kwemeza umusaruro mwiza n’ibicuruzwa byiza mu bikoresho byose byo kubika, gutwara, gutwara no gupakurura, no kugenzura.
1.1 Gucunga no gutoranya ibikoresho bya asfalt
1.1.1 Gucunga neza ibikoresho bya asfalt
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(2) Laboratoire igomba gufata icyitegererezo cya buri cyiciro cya asfalt igeze kurubuga kugirango irebe niba yujuje ibisabwa.
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1.1.2 Gutoranya ibikoresho bya asfalt
(1) Gutoranya ibikoresho bya asfalt bigomba kwemeza guhagararirwa kubikoresho. Ibigega bya asfalt bigomba kuba bifite ububiko bwihariye bwo gutoranya kandi ntibigomba gukurwa hejuru yikigega cya asfalt. Mbere yo gutoranya, litiro 1.5 ya asfalt igomba kuvomerwa kugirango ikureho umwanda uva mu miyoboro no mu miyoboro.
(2) Ibikoresho by'icyitegererezo bigomba kuba bifite isuku kandi byumye. Ibirango neza.
1.2 Kubika, gutwara no gucunga igiteranyo
(1) Igiteranyo kigomba gutondekwa kurubuga rukomeye, rufite isuku. Ahantu hateganijwe hagomba kuba hafite ibikoresho byiza bitarinda amazi n’amazi. Igiteranyo cyiza kigomba gutwikirizwa umwenda, kandi igiteranyo cyibisobanuro bitandukanye bigomba gutandukanywa nurukuta rwibice. Iyo ushyize ibikoresho hamwe na buldozer, twakagombye kumenya ko ubunini bwa buri cyiciro butagomba kurenga 1,2m. Ihungabana kuri agregate rigomba kugabanywa mugihe rishyizwe hamwe na buldozeri, kandi ikirundo ntigomba gusunikwa mumiterere yindege kumurongo umwe.
. Gusa nyuma yuko bigaragaye ko yujuje ibisabwa birashobora kwemererwa kurubuga kugirango bishyirwemo, kandi impapuro zitangwa. Ibipimo byose byo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibikoresho bigomba kubahiriza ibisobanuro hamwe nibisabwa na nyirubwite. Mugihe cyo kubaka, ibiranga amanota yibirundo bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe kandi bigakurikiranwa kugirango bihinduke.
[2]. Kubaka igiteranyo, ifu yubutaka hamwe na sisitemu yo gutanga asfalt
. Iyo urimo gupakira, indobo yinjijwe mu kirundo igomba gutondekwa hejuru hamwe na boom, hanyuma igasubira inyuma. Ntukoreshe Gucukumbura indobo bigabanya gutandukanya ibintu.
(2) Kubice aho bigaragara ko gutandukanya ibintu bitagaragara, bigomba gusubirwamo mbere yo gupakira; uwashinzwe gutwara ibintu agomba guhora buri kintu gikonje cyuzuye kugirango wirinde kuvanga mugihe cyo gupakira.
(3) Urujya n'uruza rw'ibintu bikonje rugomba kugenzurwa kenshi kugirango wirinde gutanga ibikoresho rimwe na rimwe no kwiyongera kw'ibikoresho.
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(5). Ifu ya Ore igomba kubuzwa gukurura ubuhehere no gufunga. Kubera iyo mpamvu, umwuka wafunzwe ukoreshwa mu kumena ibiti ugomba gutandukanywa namazi mbere yuko akoreshwa. Ifu iri mu bikoresho byo gutanga ifu igomba gusiba nyuma yo kurangiza umushinga.
. Mugihe utangiye pompe ya asfalt, amavuta yinjiza amavuta agomba gufungwa kandi akemererwa gukora. Tangira, hanyuma ufungure buhoro buhoro lisansi yinjira hanyuma uremere buhoro. Imirimo irangiye, pompe ya asfalt igomba guhindurwa muminota mike kugirango ivomye asfalt mumuyoboro isubire mu kigega cya asfalt.
[3]. Kubaka sisitemu yo kumisha no gushyushya
(1) Mugihe utangiye akazi, ingoma yumye igomba gutangizwa no kugenzura intoki mugihe sisitemu yo gutanga ibikoresho bikonje ihagaritswe. Icyotsa kigomba gutwikwa kandi silinderi igomba gushyukwa numuriro muke muminota 5 kugeza 10 mbere yo gupakira. Mugihe cyo gupakira, umubare wibiryo ugomba kwiyongera buhoro buhoro. Ukurikije ubushyuhe bwibikoresho bishyushye ku cyambu gisohoka, ubwinshi bwamavuta bwiyongera buhoro buhoro kugeza igihe umusaruro wateganijwe hamwe nubushyuhe butajegajega bigerwaho mbere yo guhinduranya uburyo bwo kugenzura byikora.
. Umushinga uteganijwe ugomba gukomeza gushushanya umwuka, hanyuma ugahagarara nyuma yingoma imaze gukonja rwose. Imashini igomba gufungwa buhoro buhoro muburyo bumwe nyuma yakazi.
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. Muri iki gihe, kugenzura intoki bigomba gukoreshwa kandi hagomba kugenzurwa ibirimo ubushuhe busigaye bwibintu bishyushye. Niba ari hejuru cyane, umusaruro ugomba kugabanuka.
6) Ubushuhe busigaye bwibintu bishyushye bigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe, cyane cyane kumunsi wimvura. Ibisigisigi bisigaye bigomba kugenzurwa munsi ya 0.1%.
(7) Ubushyuhe bwa gaze ya gaze ntigomba kuba hejuru cyangwa hasi cyane. Ubusanzwe igenzurwa hafi 135 ~ 180 ℃. Niba ubushyuhe bwa gaze ya gaze ikomeje kuba hejuru kandi ubushyuhe rusange bukazamuka bikurikije, biterwa ahanini nubushyuhe bwinshi bwibintu bikonje. Ingano yumusaruro igomba kugabanuka mugihe.
(8) Itandukaniro ryumuvuduko hagati yimbere ninyuma yumufuka wumukungugu ugomba kugumaho murwego runaka. Niba itandukaniro ryumuvuduko ari rinini cyane, bivuze ko igikapu cyafunzwe cyane, kandi igikapu kigomba gutunganywa no gusimburwa mugihe.
[4]. Kubaka ibikoresho bishyushye byo kugenzura no kubika sisitemu
. Niba bigaragaye ko kwirundanyiriza ibintu hejuru ya ecran ari hejuru cyane, bigomba guhagarikwa no guhinduka.
(2) Igipimo cyo kuvanga cya 2 # silo ishyushye kigomba kugenzurwa buri gihe, kandi igipimo cyo kuvanga ntigishobora kurenga 10%.
. Ibiryo byo kugaburira binini ntibigomba kwiyongera gitunguranye, bitabaye ibyo igipimo cya agregate kizagira ingaruka zikomeye.
[5]. Kubaka kugenzura ibipimo no kuvanga sisitemu
(1) Gupima amakuru ya buri cyiciro kivanze cyanditswe na mudasobwa nuburyo bukomeye bwo kugenzura niba sisitemu yo gupima ibipimo ikora bisanzwe. Imashini imaze gufungura buri munsi kandi akazi gahamye, amakuru yo gupima agomba gucapwa ubudahwema amasaha 2, kandi amakosa yayo atunganijwe hamwe namakosa atunguranye agomba gusesengurwa. Niba bigaragaye ko ibisabwa birenze ibisabwa, imirimo ya sisitemu igomba kugenzurwa mugihe, impamvu zigomba gusesengurwa, kandi zigomba kuvaho.
(2) Sisitemu yo kuvanga ntigomba guhagarara mugihe cyo kuvanga. Iyo ibikoresho byo kuvanga bihagaritse gukora mugihe utegereje ikamyo, imvange mu kigega cyo kuvanga igomba gusiba.
. Mubisanzwe, igiteranyo cyuzuye kandi cyiza kigomba gukoreshwa mugukaraba inshuro 1 kugeza kuri 2 imwe.
. kuruhande rumwe rwa silo.
. kuva kugwa mubikoresho nyuma yibikoresho byose bimaze ubusa. gutandukanya mu bubiko.
6) Iyo gupakurura ibikoresho muri silo yibicuruzwa byarangiye mukamyo, ikamyo ntiyemerewe kugenda mugihe cyo gupakurura ariko igomba gupakururwa mubirundo. Bitabaye ibyo, amacakubiri akomeye azabaho. Abatwara amakamyo nabo ntibemerewe kongeramo ibikoresho bike mukirundo kugirango bagere kubushobozi bwagenwe. y'uruvange.
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(8) Iyo gupakurura ibikoresho mu gikamyo, ntibyemewe gupakurura hagati yikamyo. Ibikoresho bigomba gusohorwa imbere yikamyo, hanyuma bigasubira inyuma, hanyuma bigashyirwa hagati.
[6]. Kuvanga kugenzura imvange ya asfalt
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(2) Gushyushya ubushyuhe bwa asfalt. Pompe ya asfalt yujuje amahame yo kuvoma no gusohora kimwe kandi irashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwurwego rwo hasi rwa asfalt iri hagati ya 160 ° C na 170 ° C hamwe nubushyuhe bwo gushyushya imyunyu ngugu iri hagati ya 170 ° C na 180 ° C.
. Igihe cyo kuvanga kigenzurwa kuba amasegonda 5 yo kuvanga byumye n'amasegonda 40 yo kuvanga amazi (bisabwa na nyirabyo).
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[7]. Kugenzura ubushyuhe mugihe cyo kubaka imvange ya asfalt
Ubushyuhe bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa asfalt buvanze nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira.
Izina ry'ubushyuhe bwa buri nzira Ibisabwa kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa buri gikorwa
Ubushyuhe bwa asfalt 160 ℃ ～ 170 ℃
Ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya ibintu 170 ℃ ～ 180 ℃
Ubushyuhe bwuruganda rwuruvange ruri murwego rusanzwe rwa 150 ℃ ～ 165 ℃.
Ubushyuhe bwuruvange rujyanwa kurubuga ntibushobora kuba munsi ya 145 ℃
Gutanga ubushyuhe 135 ℃ ～ 165 ℃
Ubushyuhe buzunguruka ntabwo buri munsi ya 130 ℃
Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru nyuma yo kuzunguruka ntabwo buri munsi ya 90 ℃
Gufungura ubushyuhe bwumuhanda ntabwo burenze 50 ℃
[8]. Gupakira amakamyo atwara uruganda ruvanga asfalt
Imodoka zitwara imvange ya asfalt zose zirenga 15t, zujuje ibisabwa binini bya toni nini zisabwa, kandi bitwikiriwe na tarpaulin mugihe cyo gutwara. Kugirango wirinde asfalt kwizirika kuri gare, nyuma yo koza hasi no kumpande yimodoka, shyiramo urwego ruto rwivanze rwamavuta yumuriro namazi (amavuta: amazi = 1: 3) kuringaniza kumurongo wibyuma, kandi usukure ibiziga.
Iyo urimo gupakira ikamyo yibikoresho ku cyambu gisohoka, igomba kwimura umwanya wa parikingi inyuma n'inyuma ukurikije imbere, inyuma na hagati. Ntigomba kurundarunda hejuru kugirango igabanye gutandukanya ibintu byiza kandi byiza. Imodoka imaze gupakirwa n'ubushyuhe bumaze gupimwa, imvange ya asfalt ihita itwikirwa neza hamwe na tarpuline ikingira hanyuma ikajyanwa ahabigenewe neza.
Hashingiwe ku isesengura ryuburyo bwubwubatsi ningamba zo gucunga sitasiyo ivanze ya asfalt, ingingo nyamukuru nugukumira byimazeyo kuvanga, ubushyuhe no gupakira imvange ya asfalt, hamwe no kuvanga no kuzunguruka ubushyuhe bwa beto ya asfalt, bityo kwemeza ubuziranenge no kunoza umuhanda rusange wa kaburimbo Umuhanda witerambere.