Isesengura ryamakosa asanzwe mu kuvanga ibihingwa bya asfalt
Mu iyubakwa rya kaburimbo ya asfalt, ibiti bivangwa na asfalt nibikoresho byingenzi kugirango ubwubatsi bube bwiza kandi bunoze. Mu iyubakwa rya kaburimbo yo mu rwego rwo hejuru yo mu rugo, hafi ya byose bivangwa na asfalt bivangwa mu mahanga. Ibisobanuro rusange ni amasaha arenga 160. Ishoramari ryibikoresho ni rinini kandi ni igice gikomeye cyubuhanga bwo kubaka pavement.
Imikorere yuruvange rwa asfalt hamwe nubwiza bwa beto yakozwe bifitanye isano nimba uruganda ruvanze na asfalt rwananiranye nubwoko nibishoboka byo gutsindwa. Ufatanije nuburambe bwimyaka myinshi mubikorwa bya beto ya asfalt no kubaka amakamyo yamashanyarazi, ibitera kunanirwa mumashanyarazi avanze ya asfalt birasesengurwa kugirango bitange uburambe mugutezimbere iterambere rya beto ya asfalt no kwemeza ubwubatsi bwubwubatsi bwa asfalt yo murwego rwohejuru.

1. Umusaruro udahungabana hamwe nubushobozi buke bwo gukora ibikoresho
Mu musaruro wubwubatsi, ibintu nkibi bikunze kugaragara. Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikoresho ntibuhagije cyane, kandi nubushobozi nyabwo bwo kubyaza umusaruro buri munsi yubushobozi bwo kwerekana ibikoresho, bigatuma imyanda y'ibikoresho ikora neza. Impamvu nyamukuru zubu bwoko bwo kunanirwa zirimo ibintu bikurikira:
(1) Ikigereranyo cya asfalt idakwiye. Igipimo cya asfalt gifatika igereranya igipimo cyo kugereranya no kugereranya umusaruro. Ikigereranyo cyo kuvanga intego igenzura igipimo gikonje cyo gutwara ibintu bikonje byumucanga na kaburimbo, naho igipimo cyo kuvanga umusaruro nigipimo cyo kuvanga ubwoko butandukanye bwibintu byumucanga namabuye mubikoresho bya beto ya asfalt yarangiye byerekanwe mubishushanyo mbonera. Ikigereranyo cyo kuvanga umusaruro kigenwa na laboratoire, igena mu buryo butaziguye igipimo cyo gutanga amanota hanze ya beto ya asfalt yarangiye. Ikigereranyo cyo kuvanga intego cyashyizweho kugirango turusheho kwemeza igipimo cyo kuvanga umusaruro, kandi gishobora guhindurwa uko bikwiye ukurikije uko ibintu byifashe mu gihe cyo gukora. Iyo igipimo cyo kuvanga intego cyangwa igipimo cyo kuvanga umusaruro kidakwiye, amabuye abitswe muri buri gipimo cy’igihingwa cya asfalt azaba atagereranijwe, hamwe n’ibintu byinshi byuzuye hamwe n’ibindi bikoresho bimwe na bimwe, bidashobora gupimirwa igihe, kandi silinderi ivanze izaba idakora. , bivamo kugabanya umusaruro.
(2) Itondekanya ry'umucanga n'amabuye ntirujuje ibisabwa.
Buri cyerekezo cyumucanga namabuye gifite intera igenda. Niba kugenzura ibiryo bidakabije kandi amanota arenze urugero, hazakorwa umubare munini w "imyanda", kandi igipimo cyo gupima ntigishobora gupima mugihe. Ntabwo bivamo umusaruro muke gusa, ahubwo binatakaza ibikoresho byinshi bibisi.
(3) Amazi arimo umucanga namabuye ni menshi.
Ubushobozi bwo gukora ingoma yumye ya sitasiyo ivanze ya asfalt ihuye nicyitegererezo cyibikoresho. Iyo amazi arimo mumucanga namabuye ari menshi cyane, ubushobozi bwo gukama buragabanuka, kandi ingano yumucanga namabuye yatanzwe mubipimo kugirango igere kubushyuhe bwagenwe mugihe cyumwanya ni muto. Ibi bigabanya umusaruro.
(4) Igicanwa cyo gutwika ni gito. Hano haribisabwa amavuta yo gutwika akoreshwa mubihingwa bya asfalt. Mubisanzwe, mazutu, mazutu aremereye cyangwa amavuta aremereye aratwikwa. Mugihe cyo kubaka, kugirango bihendutse, amavuta avanze rimwe na rimwe aratwikwa. Ubu bwoko bwamavuta bufite agaciro gake hamwe nubushyuhe buke, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kubushobozi bwo gushyushya ingunguru yumye. .
(5) Ibikoresho bikora ibikoresho byashyizweho nabi.
Ahanini bigaragarira muburyo budakwiye bwo kuvanga byumye no kuvanga igihe hamwe no guhindura nabi indobo yo gufungura no gufunga igihe. Mubihe bisanzwe, buri kuvanga umusaruro wikurikiranya ni amasegonda 45, bigera gusa kubushobozi bwibicuruzwa byagenwe. Dufashe ibikoresho byubwoko bwa 2000 nkurugero, uruziga ruzunguruka ni 45s, ibisohoka buri saha Q = 2 × 3600 / 45 = 160t / h, igihe cyizunguruka ni 50s, ibisohoka buri saha Q = 2 × 3600 / 50 = 144t / h (Icyitonderwa: Ubushobozi bwapimwe bwibikoresho byo kuvanga ubwoko bwa 2000 ni 160t / h). Ibi bisaba ko igihe cyo kuvanga cyigihe kigufi gishoboka mugihe cyemeza ubuziranenge.

2. Ubushyuhe bwo gusohora beto ya asifalt ntabwo ihagaze
Mugihe cyo gukora beto ya asfalt, haribisabwa cyane kubushyuhe. Niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, asfalt izahita "gutwikwa", bakunze kwita "paste", idafite agaciro gakoreshwa kandi igomba gutabwa hanze; niba ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane, asfalt izafatana neza kumusenyi na kaburimbo, bakunze kwita "ibikoresho byera". Gutakaza "paste" na "ibikoresho byera" biratangaje, kandi igiciro kuri toni y'ibikoresho muri rusange ni hafi 250. Niba asfalt ya beto ikorerwa ikuraho imyanda myinshi kurubuga, iragaragaza urwego rwo hasi rwimikorere nimikorere. Hariho impamvu zibiri zo kunanirwa:
(1) Kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa asfalt ntabwo aribyo. Niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, "paste" izakorwa; niba ubushyuhe buri hasi cyane, "ibikoresho byera" bizakorwa.
(2) Ubushyuhe bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwumucanga nibikoresho bya kaburimbo ntabwo aribyo. Guhindura nabi ingano yumuriro ugurumana, kunanirwa kwihutirwa, impinduka zubushyuhe bwumucanga na kaburimbo, kubura ibikoresho mubikoresho bikonje, nibindi, birashobora gutera imyanda byoroshye. Ibi bisaba kwitegereza neza, gupimwa kenshi, no kumva neza inshingano nziza mugihe cyo gukora.

3. Ikigereranyo cyamavuta-amabuye ntigihungabana
Ikigereranyo cya whetstone bivuga igipimo cyubwiza bwa asfalt nubwiza bwuzuza nkumucanga muri beto ya asfalt. Nikimenyetso cyingenzi cyo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwa beto ya asfalt. Niba igipimo cyamavuta-kinini ari kinini, "cake yamavuta" izagaragara hejuru yumuhanda nyuma yo gushiraho no kuzunguruka. Niba igipimo cyamavuta-amabuye ari gito cyane, ibikoresho bya beto bizatandukana kandi beto ntizakorwa nyuma yo kuzunguruka. Izi zose ni impanuka zikomeye. Impamvu nyamukuru ni:
(1) Ubutaka n'umukungugu biri mumucanga n'amabuye birenze urugero. Nubwo ivumbi ryakuweho, ibyondo biri mu byuzuza ni binini cyane, kandi igice kinini cya asfalt cyahujwe nuwuzuza, bakunze kwita "kwinjiza amavuta". Hano hari asfalt nkeya ifatiye hejuru ya kaburimbo, bikagorana kuyikora mukuzunguruka.
(2) Gupima kunanirwa kwa sisitemu. Impamvu nyamukuru nuko ingingo ya zeru ya sisitemu yo gupima igipimo cya asfalt gipima hamwe nifu ya minerval ipima ibipimo bigenda, bigatera amakosa yo gupima. Cyane cyane kubipimo bipima asfalt, ikosa rya 1kg rizagira ingaruka zikomeye ku kigereranyo cyamavuta-amabuye. Mu musaruro, sisitemu yo gupima igomba guhindurwa kenshi. Mu musaruro nyirizina, kubera ubwinshi bw’imyanda ikubiye mu ifu y’amabuye y'agaciro, umuryango w’ipima minini y’ipima minerval akenshi ntugafungwa cyane, bikavamo kumeneka, bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku bwiza bwa beto ya asfalt.

4. Umukungugu ni munini kandi uhumanya ibidukikije byubaka.
Mugihe cyo kubaka, ibihingwa bimwe bivanga byuzuye ivumbi, bihumanya cyane ibidukikije kandi bigira ingaruka kubuzima bwabakozi. Impamvu nyamukuru ni:
(1) Ubwinshi bwibyondo numukungugu mumucanga nibikoresho byamabuye ni binini cyane kandi birenze urugero.
(2) Sisitemu yo gukuraho ivumbi rya kabiri. Ivangavanga rya asfalt muri iki gihe rikoresha ibikoresho byumukungugu wumukungugu wumye, bikozwe mubikoresho byihariye bifite imyenge mito, uburyo bwiza bwo guhumeka neza, hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru. Birahenze, ariko bifite ingaruka nziza kandi birashobora kuzuza ibisabwa byo kurengera ibidukikije. Impamvu nyamukuru itera umwanda nuko umuvuduko wumwuka wumuyaga wumufuka uri muke cyane, cyangwa ibice bimwe ntibisimbuze mugihe nyuma yo kwangirika kugirango ubike amafaranga. Umufuka wangiritse cyangwa urahagaritswe, gutwikwa kwa lisansi ntabwo kuzuye, kandi umwanda wamamajwe hejuru yumufuka, bigatuma uhagarika bigatuma icyuma gikonja. Umukungugu urimo kuguruka ku bwinjiriro bwibikoresho; igikapu cyangiritse cyangwa nticyashyizweho, kandi umwotsi ugaragara nk "umwotsi wumuhondo", ariko mubyukuri ni umukungugu.

5. Kubungabunga uruganda ruvanze na asfalt
Uruganda ruvanga asfalt ahazubakwa ni igice cyibikoresho bikunda kunanirwa. Gushimangira gufata neza ibyo bikoresho bigira uruhare runini mu kubaka ubwubatsi buboneye ahazubakwa, kuzamura ubusugire bw’ibikoresho, kugabanya kunanirwa kw'ibikoresho, no kwemeza ubuziranenge.
Mubisanzwe, gufata neza uruganda ruvanga bigabanijwemo kubungabunga ikigega, kubungabunga no guhindura sisitemu ya winch, guhindura no gufata neza imipaka yimitsi, gufata umugozi winsinga na pulleys, kubungabunga ibyuma bizamura, no kubungabunga gukurikirana no gukurikirana imirongo. rindira. Ikigega nigikoresho gikora uruganda ruvanga asfalt kandi rushobora kwambara cyane. Muri rusange, umurongo, icyuma, kuvanga ukuboko hamwe na kashe yumuryango wibikoresho bigomba guhinduka kandi bigasimburwa kenshi bitewe no kwambara. Nyuma yo kuvanga beto, ikigega kigomba guhanagurwa mugihe, hanyuma beto isigaye muri tank hamwe na beto ifatanye numuryango wibikoresho bigomba guhanagurwa neza kugirango birinde beto muri tank. Guhindura uburyo bwo gufungura no gufunga umuryango wibikoresho bigomba kugenzurwa kenshi kugirango urugi rwibintu rutahagarara. Pompe yamavuta ikozwe inshuro ebyiri kuri buri mwanya kugirango itange amavuta kumutwe wikigega kugirango usige amavuta kandi usohore umucanga, amazi, nibindi. Mugihe ukomeza ikigega, menya neza ko uhagarika amashanyarazi hanyuma ugire uwo uyitaho. kwirinda impanuka. Menya neza ko nta kintu cy’amahanga kiri muri tank mbere yo gutangira imashini buri gihe, kandi birabujijwe rwose gutangira uwakiriye afite umutwaro.

Gufata neza no guhindura moteri ya winch: Sisitemu yo gufata feri ya winch ya sisitemu yo kuvanga sitasiyo ya aspahlt irashobora kwemeza ko hopper ishobora kuguma kumwanya uwo ariwo wose munzira iyo ikora ku mutwaro wuzuye. Ingano yo kuvanga torque ihindurwa nimbuto nini ku ntebe yinyuma ya moteri. Kuraho umugozi uhuza hagati yigitereko cyo gufunga na feri yabafana, subiza ibinyomoro kumwanya uhagije, hanyuma wimure rotor kumwanya ukabije werekeza kumutwe. Noneho shyira feri yumuyaga inyuma kugirango impeta ya feri ihure hejuru yimbere ya cone yimbere yumupfundikizo winyuma. Kenyera ibinyomoro bifunga kugeza bihuye isura yanyuma ya feri yabafana. Noneho shyira kumurongo umwe hanyuma ushimangire umugozi uhuza. Niba hopper ifite feri idasanzwe mugihe yazamuye cyangwa ikamanurwa, banza wimure ibinyomoro bifunga usubire kumwanya wabigenewe, hanyuma ukomereze kuri siketi ya mpandeshatu kuri iyo mpera yisaha. Niba hari akajagari mugihe utangiye moteri yo guterura, banza ukureho ibinyomoro bifunze. Subira kumwanya ukwiye, fungura uruzitiro rwa hexagonal kuri iyo mpera, wongere intera ya feri y'imbere, hanyuma ushimangire ibinyomoro bifunga. Gufata neza imizigo yipakurura hamwe na bracket: Shyira kenshi amavuta imbere no hanze ya ruhago aho umutwaro wapakurura uhuza uruziga kugirango ugabanye imbaraga zumuzingi iyo uzamutse ukamanuka. Guhindura imitwaro yipakurura hamwe na bracket bigomba gukemurwa mugihe kugirango birinde impanuka.
Gufata neza imipaka ya stroke: Imipaka ya sitasiyo ivanga igabanijwemo imipaka ntarengwa, imipaka yo hejuru, imipaka yo hasi hamwe n’umucyo. Birakenewe kenshi kandi byihuse kugenzura ibyiyumvo nubwizerwe bwa buri cyerekezo ntarengwa, kugenzura niba ibice bigize imiyoboro yumuzunguruko, ingingo, hamwe ninsinga zimeze neza, kandi niba imiyoboro isanzwe. Ibi ni ingenzi cyane kumikorere itekanye yo kuvanga sitasiyo.
Gukora akazi keza mugucunga ubuziranenge no gukemura ibibazo byuruganda rwa asfalt ntibishobora gusa kwemeza ubwiza bwumushinga, ahubwo binagabanya igiciro cyumushinga, kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi, no kugera kumusaruro wikubye kabiri inyungu zubukungu nubukungu.