Ibikoresho bivangwa na asfalt ni igipimo cyishoramari mu kuvanga ibihingwa bya asfalt. Ntabwo igira ingaruka gusa kumusaruro usanzwe, ahubwo inagena neza ubwiza bwimvange ya asfalt nigiciro cyo gukoresha.
Icyitegererezo cyibikoresho bivanga asfalt bigomba gutoranywa mubuhanga no gushyira mu gaciro hashingiwe kumusaruro wumwaka. Niba icyitegererezo ari kinini cyane, bizongera igiciro cyishoramari kandi bigabanye gukoresha neza ibicuruzwa bya polyurethane; niba ibikoresho byibikoresho ari bito cyane, ibisohoka bizaba bidahagije, bikaviramo kunanirwa kunoza imikorere yubwubatsi, bityo bikongerera igihe cyo gukora. , ubukungu bubi, abubatsi nabo bakunze kunanirwa. Ivangavanga rya asfalt munsi yubwoko bwa 2000 risanzwe rikoreshwa mumihanda yubwubatsi bwaho cyangwa kubungabunga amakomine no kuyisana, mugihe ubwoko bwa 3000 cyangwa burenga bukoreshwa cyane mumishinga minini minini nkimihanda minini, umuhanda munini wigihugu, hamwe namihanda minini yintara. Mubisanzwe iyi mishinga ifite ibihe byubwubatsi.
Ukurikije umusaruro usabwa buri mwaka, umusaruro wisaha wivanze rya asfalt ivanze ninganda = umusaruro wibisabwa buri mwaka / kubaka buri mwaka neza amezi 6 / ukwezi kwizuba kwizuba iminsi 25 / amasaha 10 yakazi kumunsi (igihe cyambere cyo kubaka asfalt neza kumwaka ni amezi 6, kandi iminsi yubwubatsi ikora mukwezi irenze amezi 6) iminsi 25 irabaze, naho amasaha yakazi ya buri munsi abarwa nkamasaha 10).
Nibyiza guhitamo umusaruro wapimwe wivanze rya asfalt ivanze nigiterwa kugirango kibe kinini cyane ugereranije nibisohoka byabazwe buri saha, kuko byatewe nibintu bitandukanye nkibikoresho fatizo bisobanurwa neza, ibirimo ubuhehere, nibindi, umusaruro uhamye wivanze rya asfalt kuvanga igihingwa mubisanzwe ni 60% yicyitegererezo cyibicuruzwa ~ 80%. Kurugero, umusaruro nyawo wapimwe wubwoko 4000 bwo kuvanga asfalt ivanze murirusange ni 240-320t / h. Niba ibisohoka byiyongereyeho, bizagira ingaruka ku kuvanga uburinganire, gutondekanya hamwe nubushyuhe bwimiterere yuruvange. Niba itanga reberi ya asfalt Cyangwa SMA hamwe nizindi mvange za asfalt zahinduwe cyangwa iyo zakozwe nyuma yimvura, umusaruro wagabanutse uzagabanuka kurwego runaka. Ibi biterwa ahanini nuko igihe cyo kuvanga cyongerewe, ibuye rifite ubuhehere kandi ubushyuhe buzamuka buhoro nyuma yimvura.
Hateganijwe kurangiza imirimo ivanze ya asfalt ya toni 300.000 mumwaka umwe nyuma yo gushinga sitasiyo. Ukurikije uburyo bwo kubara hejuru, ibisohoka buri saha ni 200t. Umusaruro uhamye wo mu bwoko bwa 4000 bwo kuvanga asfalt ivanze ni 240t / h, birenze gato 200t. Kubwibyo, ubwoko bwa 4000 bwo kuvanga asfalt bwatoranijwe. Ibikoresho byo kuvanga birashobora kuzuza imirimo yubwubatsi, kandi ibikoresho 4000 byo kuvanga asifalt nabyo ni urugero nyamukuru rusanzwe rukoreshwa ninzego zubaka mumishinga minini cyane nkimihanda minini.

Abakozi birumvikana kandi neza
Kugeza ubu, umubare w'amafaranga akoreshwa mu mishinga y'ubwubatsi uragenda wiyongera uko umwaka utashye. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo gutanga uburyo bushyize mu gaciro abakozi ntibugaragarira gusa mubushobozi bwubucuruzi bwabakozi batoranijwe, ahubwo no mububare bwabakozi bahabwa.
Ivanga rya asfalt ni sisitemu igoye igizwe nibice byinshi, kandi inzira yo kubyara isaba guhuza abantu benshi. Abayobozi bose bumva akamaro k'abantu. Hatariho abakozi bashyira mu gaciro, ntibishoboka kugera ku nyungu nziza zubukungu.
Ukurikije ubunararibonye n'ibikenewe, abakozi bakenewe mu ruganda ruvanga asfalt ni: umuyobozi wa sitasiyo 1, abakora 2, abakozi 2 bo kubungabunga, 1 bapima igipimo n’ibikoresho byo gukusanya ibikoresho, umuntu w’ibikoresho 1 n’umuyobozi ushinzwe ibiribwa, n’umwanditsi 1 nabo bashinzwe imari ibaruramari, abantu 8 bose hamwe. Abakozi n'abakozi bashinzwe kubungabunga bagomba gutozwa n uruganda ruvanga asfalt cyangwa uruganda rwumwuga kandi bafite icyemezo mbere yo gukora.
Kongera imikorere no gushimangira imiyoborere yuzuye
Ubuyobozi bugaragarira mu micungire y'abakozi, ariko no mu micungire y'akazi n'umusaruro. Bimaze kumvikana mu nganda gushaka inyungu mu buyobozi.
Hashingiwe ko igiciro cy’imvange ya asfalt gihagaze neza cyane, nkumukoresha w’uruvange rwa asfalt ruvanze, kugirango ugere ku nyungu nziza zubukungu, inzira imwe rukumbi ni ugukora cyane mukuzigama. Kuzigama ibiciro birashobora guhera mubice bikurikira.

Kongera umusaruro
Ubwiza bwa agregate bugira ingaruka itaziguye ku musaruro w’igihingwa kivanga asfalt. Kubwibyo, ubuziranenge bugomba kugenzurwa cyane mugihe uguze ibikoresho bibisi kugirango wirinde kugira ingaruka kumusaruro kubera gutemba no gutemba. Ikindi kintu kigira ingaruka kumusaruro wivanga rya asfalt nigitwikwa nyamukuru. Ingoma yumisha yinganda ivanga asfalt yateguwe hamwe na zone idasanzwe yo gushyushya. Niba imiterere yumuriro idashobora guhura nubushyuhe, bizagira ingaruka zikomeye kumikorere yubushyuhe, bityo bigire ingaruka kumusaruro wigihingwa cya asfalt. Kubwibyo, niba ubona ko imiterere ya flame atari nziza, ugomba kuyihindura mugihe.

Mugabanye gukoresha lisansi
Ibiciro bya lisansi bifite igice kinini cyibikorwa byo kuvanga ibihingwa bya asfalt. Usibye gufata ingamba zikenewe zo kwirinda amazi kubiteranya, ni ngombwa kunoza imikorere ya sisitemu yo gutwika. Sisitemu yo gutwika uruganda ruvanze na asfalt rugizwe nicyotsa nyamukuru, ingoma yumisha, ikusanya ivumbi hamwe na sisitemu yo kwinjiza ikirere. Guhuza gushyira mu gaciro hagati yabo bigira uruhare rukomeye mu gutwika burundu lisansi. Niba uburebure bwa flame na diametre yumuriro bihuye na zone yaka ya tube yumye, hamwe nubushyuhe bwa gaze ya gaze bigira ingaruka kumyuka ya peteroli. Amakuru amwe yerekana ko burigihe burigihe ubushyuhe rusange burenze ubushyuhe bwagenwe na 5 ° C, ikoreshwa rya lisansi ryiyongera hafi 1%. Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe rusange bugomba kuba buhagije kandi ntibugomba kurenza ubushyuhe bwagenwe.

Shimangira kubungabunga no kugabanya ibiciro byo gusana nibiguzi
Ibidukikije bikora byavanze na asfalt birakaze kandi kubungabunga bisanzwe ni ngombwa. Nkuko baca umugani ngo: "Birindwi ku ijana biterwa nubwiza naho bitatu ku ijana biterwa no kubungabunga." Niba kubungabunga bidahari, ikiguzi cyo gusana, cyane cyane kuvugurura, kizaba kinini cyane. Mu bugenzuzi bwa buri munsi, ibibazo bito byavumbuwe bigomba gukemurwa vuba kugirango birinde ibibazo bito guhinduka kunanirwa gukomeye.

Isesengura rya Asfalt Isesengura Ry'ishoramari
Ku ruganda ruvanga asfalt rusaba ishoramari rya miliyoni icumi, mugihe cyambere cyo gushora imari, ikigereranyo cyishoramari ninjiza kigomba kubanza gusuzumwa kugirango hirindwe igihombo cyatewe nishoramari rihumye. Igiciro cyo gukora kibarwa nkigiciro cyumusaruro usibye gushora ibyuma. Ibikurikira nisesengura ryibiciro byumushinga. Ibihe byateganijwe: Icyitegererezo cyivanga rya asfalt ni ubwoko 4000; igihe cyo gukora ni amasaha 10 yo gukomeza gukora kumunsi niminsi 25 buri kwezi; impuzandengo isohoka ni 260t / h; umusaruro wose wivanze rya asfalt ni toni 300.000; igihe cyo kubaka ni amezi 5.

Amafaranga y'ahantu
Hariho itandukaniro rinini mu turere dutandukanye. Muri rusange, amafaranga yishyurwa buri mwaka, kuva kumafaranga arenga 100.000 kugeza hejuru ya 200.000. Igiciro cyagenewe buri toni yimvange ni 0,6 yuan / t.

Igiciro c'akazi
Abakozi bahamye muri rusange bahabwa umushahara wumwaka. Ukurikije uko isoko ryifashe ubu, umushahara wumwaka w'abakozi basanzwe ni: umuyobozi wa sitasiyo 1, umushahara wumwaka wa 150.000; Abakora 2, impuzandengo yumushahara mpuzandengo yumwaka 100.000, yose hamwe 200.000; Abakozi 2 bashinzwe kubungabunga Umushahara mpuzandengo wumwaka kuri buri muntu ni 70.000 Yuu, yose hamwe ni 140.000 yu bantu babiri, naho umushahara wumwaka wabandi bakozi bungirije ni 60.000, yose hamwe 180.000. Umushahara w'abakozi b'igihe gito uhembwa buri kwezi. Ukurikije umushahara wa buri kwezi wabantu 6 bingana na 4000, umushahara wigihe gito cyabakozi wamezi atanu yose hamwe ni 120.000. Harimo umushahara w'abandi bakozi basanzwe, umushahara w'abakozi bose hamwe ni 800.000, naho amafaranga y'akazi ni 2.7 Yuan / t.

Igiciro cya asfalt
Igiciro cya asfalt kibara igice kinini cyikiguzi cyose cyavanze asifalt. Kugeza ubu ni hafi 2000 Yuan kuri toni ya asfalt, ahwanye na 2 yu / kg. Niba asfalt ibivanze ari 4.8%, igiciro cya asfalt kuri toni yuruvange ni 96 yu.

Igiciro rusange
Igiteranyo kibarirwa hafi 90% yuburemere bwuruvange. Impuzandengo yikigereranyo ni hafi 80 yuan / t. Igiciro cyigiteranyo cyo kuvanga ni 72 Yuan kuri toni.

igiciro cy'ifu
Ifu ifite hafi 6% yuburemere bwuruvange. Ikigereranyo cyifu yifu ni hafi 120 yu / t. Igiciro cya poro kuri toni yuruvange ni 7.2.

igiciro cya lisansi
Niba amavuta aremereye akoreshejwe, ukeka ko imvange ikoresha 7 kg yamavuta aremereye kuri toni naho igiciro cyamavuta kirenze 4.200 kuri toni, igiciro cya lisansi ni 29.4 yuan / t. Niba amakara asunitswe akoreshwa, igiciro cya lisansi ni 14.4 yuan / t hashingiwe ku kubara amakara 12 kg yakoreshejwe mu makara avanze na toni 1200 kuri toni yamakara. Niba gaze gasanzwe ikoreshwa, 7m3 ya gaze karemano ikoreshwa kuri toni yuruvange, kandi gaze naturel ibarwa kuri 3.5 yuan kuri metero kibe, naho lisansi ni 24.5 yuan / t.

Umushinga w'amashanyarazi
Amashanyarazi nyayo kumasaha yisoko ya 4000 yo kuvanga asfalt avanze ninganda ni 550kW · h. Niba ibarwa hashingiwe ku gukoresha amashanyarazi mu nganda angana na 0,85 Yuan / kW · h, fagitire y’amashanyarazi igera kuri 539.000, cyangwa 1.8 yu / t.

ikiguzi
Igihingwa kimwe cyo mu bwoko bwa 4000 asfalt gisaba ibintu bibiri byubwoko 50 bwo gupakira ibikoresho. Kubarwa ukurikije ubukode bwa buri kwezi kuri buri mutwaro wamafaranga 16.000 (harimo umushahara wabakoresha), umunsi wakazi ukoresha lisansi nogusiga amavuta angana na 300, buri mutwara kumwaka Igiciro ni 125.000 Yuan, ikiguzi cyabapakira babiri ni 250.000, n'ikiguzi cyagenewe buri toni ivanze ni 0,85.

Amafaranga yo gufata neza
Ibiciro byo gufata neza birimo ibikoresho rimwe na rimwe, amavuta yo kwisiga, ibikoreshwa, nibindi, bigura hafi 150.000. Igiciro cyagenewe buri toni yimvange ni 0.5.

andi mafaranga
Usibye amafaranga yavuzwe haruguru, hari n'amafaranga yo gucunga (nk'amafaranga yo mu biro, amafaranga y'ubwishingizi, n'ibindi), imisoro, amafaranga yakoreshejwe, amafaranga yo kugurisha, n'ibindi. toni y'ibikoresho bivanze ahanini biri hagati ya 30 na 50, hamwe nibitandukaniro binini mu turere.
Kubera ko ibiciro byibintu, ibiciro byubwikorezi, nuburyo isoko ryifashe ahantu hamwe, isesengura ryibiciro bizatandukana. Ibikurikira nurugero rwo kubaka uruganda ruvanga asfalt mukarere ka nyanja.

Amafaranga yo gushora no kubaka
Uruganda rwa Marini 4000 asfalt rugura hafi miliyoni 13, naho ubutaka ni miliyoni 4 m2. Amafaranga yo gukodesha ikibanza cyimyaka ibiri ni 500.000 Yuan, kwishyiriraho ibikoresho no gutangiza komisiyo ni 200.000, naho umuyoboro uhuza imiyoboro hamwe nogushiraho ni 500.000. 200.000 yu bwubatsi bwibanze, 200.000 yu silo no gukomera kurubuga, 200.000 yu silo igumana inkuta hamwe n’icyatsi kibisi kitagira imvura, 100.000 yu 100 kubiro 2, hamwe na 150.000 yu biro hamwe nuburaro (amazu yubatswe hamwe nibikoresho byo kubika ubushyuhe). , hasabwa miliyoni 15.05 Yuan.

Amafaranga yo gukoresha ibikoresho
Umusaruro wumwaka wa toni 300.000 zivanze na asfalt ni toni 600.000 zivanze na asfalt mumyaka 2, kandi igihe cyiza cyo gukora ni amezi 6 kumwaka. Abashoramari batatu basabwa, buriwese ufite amafaranga yubukode bwamafaranga 15.000 yu kwezi / ukwezi, hamwe nigiciro cya 540.000; igiciro cyamashanyarazi kibarwa kuri 3.5 yuan / toni yivanga rya asfalt, yose hamwe miliyoni 2.1; ibikoresho byo gufata neza ibikoresho ni 200.000 Yuan, kandi shyashya Hano hari ibikoresho bike byananiranye, cyane cyane gusimbuza amavuta yo gusiga ndetse nabandi bambara ibice. Ibikoresho byose byo gukoresha ni miliyoni 2.84.

Ibiciro by'ibikoresho
Reka dusesengure ikoreshwa rya sup13 na sup20 ivanze rya asfalt kumasoko yubuhanga. Kibuye: Limestone na basalt kuri ubu biri kumasoko akomeye. Igiciro cya hekeste ni 95 yuan / t, naho igiciro cya basalt ni 145 yuan / t. Impuzandengo igiciro ni 120 Yuan / t, bityo igiciro cyamabuye ni miliyoni 64.8.

asfalt
Asfalt yahinduwe igura amafaranga 3.500 yu Niba ibirimo asfalt ari 5%, igiciro cya asfalt ni miliyoni 82.5.

amavuta aremereye
Igiciro cyamavuta aremereye ni 4.100 yuan / t. Kubarwa ukurikije icyifuzo cyo gutwika 6.5 kg kuri toni ivanze rya asfalt, igiciro cyamavuta aremereye ni miliyoni 16.

mazutu
. igiciro ni 705.880. Ibikomoka kuri peteroli yo gutwika igihingwa cya asfalt bibarwa hashingiwe ku gukoresha lisansi ya 60 kg kuri buri gutwika. Igiciro cyo gutwika no gukoresha lisansi yo kuvanga asfalt ni 140.000. Igiciro cyose cya mazutu ni 840.000.
Muri make, igiciro cyose cyibikoresho fatizo nkibuye, asfalt, amavuta aremereye na mazutu ni miliyoni 182.03.

Amafaranga yumurimo
Ukurikije ibimaze kuvugwa by’abakozi, hakenewe abantu 11 bose mu micungire, imikorere, igerageza, ibikoresho n'umutekano. Umushahara usabwa ni 800.000 yu mwaka, yose hamwe akaba miliyoni 1.6 mumyaka ibiri.
Muri make, igiteranyo cyuzuye cya asfalt ivanga ishoramari ryinganda nigiciro cyubwubatsi, amafaranga yo gukora, ibiciro fatizo nigiciro cyakazi ni miliyoni 183,63.