Ibikoresho binini bivangavanze bya asfalt nibikoresho byingenzi byo kubaka imishinga ya kaburimbo. Kwishyiriraho no gukuramo ibikoresho byo kuvanga bigira ingaruka zitaziguye kumikorere yabyo, kubaka pavement iterambere nubwiza. Ukurikije imyitozo yakazi, iyi ngingo isobanura ingingo ya tekiniki yo kwishyiriraho no gukemura ibikoresho binini bivangwa na asfalt bivanze.

Guhitamo ubwoko bwigihingwa cya asfalt

Guhuza n'imihindagurikire y'ikirere
Icyitegererezo cyibikoresho kigomba gutoranywa hashingiwe ku bushakashatsi bwimbitse bushingiye ku mpamyabumenyi y’isosiyete, igipimo cy’umushinga wagiranye amasezerano, ingano y’inshingano z’uyu mushinga (igice cy’amasoko), hamwe n’ibihe nkikirere cy’ahantu hubatswe, iminsi yo kubaka neza , iterambere ryikigo, nimbaraga zubukungu bwikigo. Ubushobozi bwo gukora ibikoresho bugomba kuba burenze ubwinshi bwimirimo yo kubaka. Kinini 20%.

Ubunini
Ibikoresho byatoranijwe bigomba kugira urwego rwa tekiniki kugirango bihuze nibisabwa byubwubatsi kandi bigomba kuba binini. Kurugero, umubare wa silos ikonje kandi ishyushye igomba kuba itandatu kugirango ihuze igenzura ryimvange; kuvanga silinderi bigomba kugira intera yo kongeramo inyongeramusaruro kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa kugirango wongere ibikoresho bya fibre, imiti igabanya ubukana nibindi byongeweho.

Kurengera ibidukikije
Mugihe ugura ibikoresho, ugomba kumva neza ibipimo byo kurengera ibidukikije ibikoresho bigomba kugurwa. Igomba kubahiriza amabwiriza y’ibidukikije n’ibisabwa n’ishami rishinzwe kurengera ibidukikije mu gace gakoreshwa. Mu masezerano yo gutanga amasoko, ibisabwa byo kurengera ibidukikije byangiza amavuta yumuriro hamwe nigikoresho cyo gukusanya ivumbi rya sisitemu yo kumisha bigomba gusobanurwa neza. Urusaku rukora rwibikoresho rugomba kubahiriza amabwiriza y urusaku kumupaka wibigo. Ibigega byo kubika Asfalt hamwe n’ibigega bibika amavuta biremereye bigomba kuba bifite imyuka itandukanye yuzuye. ibikoresho byo gukusanya no gutunganya.

Shyiramo igihingwa cya asfalt
Imirimo yo kwishyiriraho niyo shingiro ryo kumenya ireme ryibikoresho bikoreshwa. Bikwiye guhabwa agaciro gakomeye, gutegurwa neza, no gushyirwa mubikorwa nabashakashatsi bafite uburambe.
Kwitegura
Igikorwa nyamukuru cyo kwitegura gikubiyemo ibintu bitandatu bikurikira: Icya mbere, shinga ishami ryububiko ryujuje ibyangombwa gushushanya ibishushanyo mbonera byubwubatsi bishingiye kuri gahunda yo hasi yatanzwe nuwabikoze; icya kabiri, saba ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza no guhindura ukurikije ibisabwa nigitabo gikubiyemo amabwiriza, hanyuma ubare ubushobozi bwo kugabura. Ibisabwa ingufu kubikoresho byingirakamaro nka asfalt ya emulisile na asifalt yahinduwe bigomba kwitabwaho, kandi 10% kugeza 15% byubushobozi bwabagenzi basagutse bigomba gusigara; icya kabiri, impinduka zubushobozi bukwiye zigomba gushyirwaho kugirango zikoreshwe n’imbere mu gihugu kugira ngo habeho imikorere ihamye y’ibikoresho bitanga umusaruro Icya kane, insinga nini n’umuvuduko muke wa site igomba gutegurwa gushyingurwa, hamwe nintera iri hagati ya transformateur na icyumba kinini cyo kugenzura kigomba kuba 50m. Icya gatanu, kubera ko uburyo bwo kwishyiriraho amashanyarazi butwara amezi agera kuri 3, bigomba gutunganywa vuba bishoboka nyuma yuko ibikoresho byateganijwe kugirango bikemuke. Icya gatandatu, amashyiga, inzabya zumuvuduko, ibikoresho byo gupima, nibindi bigomba kunyura mubikorwa byemewe no kugenzura mugihe gikwiye.

Igikorwa cyo kwishyiriraho
Kubaka Urufatiro Igikorwa cyo kubaka urufatiro nuburyo bukurikira: gushushanya ibishushanyo → gufatanya → gucukura → guhuza urufatiro → ibyuma bihuza → gushiraho ibice byashizwemo → gukora → silicon isuka → kubungabunga.
Urufatiro rwinyubako ivanze muri rusange rwashizweho nkumusingi. Urufatiro rugomba kuba ruringaniye kandi rwuzuye. Niba hari ubutaka bworoshye, bugomba gusimburwa no kuzuzwa. Birabujijwe rwose gukoresha urukuta rw'umwobo kugirango rusukwe mu buryo butaziguye igice cy'ifatizo, kandi hagomba gushyirwaho impapuro. Niba impuzandengo yubushyuhe bwo kumanywa nijoro iri munsi ya 5 ° C muminsi itanu ikurikiranye mugihe cyubwubatsi, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zokwirinda hakurikijwe ibisabwa byubatswe nimbeho (nkibibaho bifuro ifuro, ibyumba byo gushyushya no gushyushya, nibindi). Kwishyiriraho ibice byashizwemo ni inzira yingenzi. Umwanya windege nuburebure bigomba kuba byukuri, kandi gukosora bigomba kuba bihamye kugirango ibice byashyizwemo bitimuka cyangwa ngo bihinduke mugihe cyo gusuka no kunyeganyega.
Nyuma yo kubaka urufatiro rurangiye kandi ibisabwa byujujwe, kwemererwa gushingwa bigomba gukorwa. Mugihe cyo kwakirwa, metero yisubiramo ikoreshwa mugupima imbaraga za beto, sitasiyo yose ikoreshwa mugupima umwanya windege yibice byashyizwemo, naho urwego rukoreshwa mugupima ubutumburuke. Nyuma yo gutsinda ibyakiriwe, inzira yo kuzamura iratangira.
Ubwubatsi bwo kuzamura Ibikorwa byo kuzamura ni ibi bikurikira: kuvanga inyubako equipment ibikoresho byo guterura ibikoresho bishyushye → ifu ya silo → ibikoresho byo guterura ifu → ingoma yumye → umukungugu wumukandara → umukandara umukandara → ibikoresho bikonje silo tank ikigega cya asfalt → itanura ryamavuta yumuriro → umugereka mukuru → umugereka .
Niba amaguru yububiko bwibicuruzwa byarangiye mu igorofa rya mbere ry’inyubako ivanze yakozwe hamwe na bolts yashyizwemo, imbaraga za beto zasutswe ku nshuro ya kabiri zigomba kugera kuri 70% mbere yo kuzamura amagorofa yavuzwe haruguru ashobora gukomeza. Kurinda ingazi zo hasi bigomba gushyirwaho mugihe kandi bigashyirwaho neza mbere yuko bizamurwa hejuru kurwego. Ku bice bidashobora gushyirwa ku izamu, hagomba gukoreshwa ikamyo itwara hydraulic, kandi hagomba gushyirwaho ibikoresho by’umutekano kugira ngo birinde umutekano. Muguhitamo crane, ubwiza bwayo bugomba kuba bujuje ibisabwa. Itumanaho ryuzuye no kumenyekanisha bigomba gukorwa hamwe nu mushoferi uzamura mbere yo kuzamura ibikorwa. Ibikorwa byo kuzamura birabujijwe mumuyaga mwinshi, imvura nubundi buryo bwikirere. Mugihe gikwiye cyo kuzamura imyubakire, hagomba gukorwa gahunda yo gushyira insinga zibikoresho no gushyiraho ibikoresho birinda inkuba.
Igenzura ryibikorwa Mugihe cyo gukora ibikoresho bivanga, hagomba gukorwa buri gihe ubwisanzure buhoraho, cyane cyane kugirango hakorwe igenzura ryimbitse ryibice bigize ibikoresho bivanga kugirango harebwe niba ibyashizweho bihamye, vertical yujuje ibyangombwa, ibyuma birinda umutekano ni ntamakemwa, urwego rwamazi ya peteroli yubushyuhe bwo murwego rwohejuru ni ibisanzwe, kandi imbaraga na kabili ya signal ihujwe neza.

gukuramo igihingwa cya asfalt

Gukemura ikibazo
Igikorwa cyo gukemura ibibazo ni ibi bikurikira: kugerageza-gukoresha moteri → guhindura icyiciro gikurikirana → kwiruka nta mutwaro → gupima ibyihuta n'umuvuduko → kureba ibipimo ngenderwaho by'ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza no guhindura → kwitegereza ibimenyetso byagarutsweho na buri sensor → reba niba kugenzura birakomeye kandi bifite akamaro → kwitegereza kunyeganyega n urusaku. Niba hari ibintu bidasanzwe mugihe cyo gukemura ibibazo, bigomba kuvaho.
Mugihe cyo gukemura ibibazo, ugomba kandi kugenzura imiterere yikidodo cyumuyaga wafunzwe, ukareba niba agaciro kumuvuduko nigikorwa cya buri silinderi ari ibisanzwe, kandi ukareba niba ibimenyetso byerekana umwanya wa buri gice cyimuka ari ibisanzwe. Nyuma yo kudakora amasaha 2, reba niba ubushyuhe bwa buri cyuma na kugabanya ari ibisanzwe, hanyuma uhindure buri selile yimizigo. Nyuma yo gukemura hejuru nibisanzwe, urashobora kugura lisansi hanyuma ugatangira gukuramo amavuta yumuriro.

Gutangiza amavuta yubushyuhe
Kubura amavuta yubushyuhe nakazi kingenzi. Amavuta yubushyuhe agomba kuba afite umwuma kuri 105 ° C kugeza igihe umuvuduko uhagaze, hanyuma ugashyuha ubushyuhe bukora bwa 160 kugeza 180 ° C. Amavuta agomba kuzuzwa umwanya uwariwo wose kandi akananirwa inshuro nyinshi kugirango agere kumuvuduko winjira no gusohoka hamwe nurwego rwamazi ruhamye. . Iyo ubushyuhe bwimiyoboro ikingiwe na buri kigega cya asfalt igeze ku bushyuhe busanzwe bwo gukora, ibikoresho fatizo nka asfalt, amabuye, ifu yubutare birashobora kugurwa kandi bigategurwa gutangira.

Kugaburira no gukemura
Gukemura ikibazo cyo gutwika nurufunguzo rwo kugaburira no gukemura. Dufashe nk'urugero rwamavuta aremereye, amavuta aremereye agomba kugurwa ukurikije amabwiriza yayo. Uburyo bwo kumenya vuba amavuta aremereye kurubuga ni ukongeramo mazutu. Amavuta aremereye yo mu rwego rwo hejuru arashobora gushonga muri mazutu. Ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya amavuta aremereye ni 65 ~ 75 ℃. Niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyane, gaze izabyara kandi itume umuriro unanirwa. Niba ibipimo bya firime byashyizweho neza, gutwika neza birashobora kugerwaho, umuriro ugurumana uzaba uhagaze, kandi ubushyuhe buziyongera hamwe no gufungura, kandi sisitemu yubukonje irashobora gutangira kugaburirwa.
Ntugashyiremo amabuye afite ubunini buke buri munsi ya 3mm mugihe cyambere cyo gukora ikizamini, kuko niba urumuri rumaze kuzimya giturumbuka, ibyuma byamabuye bidakaranze bizubahiriza icyapa kiyobora ingoma hamwe na mesh ntoya yinyeganyeza, bigira ingaruka kumikoreshereze yigihe kizaza. Nyuma yo kugaburira, reba ubushyuhe bwuzuye hamwe nubushyuhe bwa silo bushyushye bugaragara kuri mudasobwa, usohokane igishyushye kuri buri silo ishyushye ukwayo, uyitware hamwe nu mutwaro, upime ubushyuhe kandi ubigereranye nubushyuhe bwerekanwe. Mu myitozo, hari itandukaniro muri izi ndangagaciro zubushyuhe, zigomba kuba incamake yitonze, igapimwa inshuro nyinshi, kandi igatandukanywa kugirango ikusanyirize hamwe umusaruro uzaza. Mugihe upima ubushyuhe, koresha ubushuhe bwa infrarafarike na termometero ya mercure kugirango ugereranye na kalibrasi.
Ohereza igiteranyo gishyushye kuri buri silo muri laboratoire kugirango urebe niba ihuye nurwego rujyanye nu mwobo. Niba hariho kuvanga cyangwa kuvanga silo, impamvu zigomba kumenyekana no kuvaho. Ibiriho muri buri gice, kugabanya no gutwara ubushyuhe bigomba kubahirizwa no kwandikwa. Mugihe cyo gutegereza, witegereze kandi uhindure umwanya wibiziga bibiri bisunika umukandara uringaniye, umukandara uhengamye, hamwe na roller. Reba ko uruziga rugomba gukora nta ngaruka cyangwa urusaku rudasanzwe. Gisesengura ibyavuzwe haruguru byo kugenzura no kwitegereza kugirango umenye niba sisitemu yo gukama no gukuramo ivumbi ari ibisanzwe, niba ikigezweho nubushyuhe bwa buri gice ari ibisanzwe, niba buri silinderi ikora bisanzwe, kandi niba ibipimo byigihe byashyizweho na sisitemu yo kugenzura byakurikizwa.
Byongeye kandi, mugihe cyo kugaburira no gukemura, imyanya yo guhinduranya inzugi zishyushye zumuryango, urugi runini, kuvanga urugi rwa silinderi, igipfundikizo cyibicuruzwa byarangiye, urugi rwibicuruzwa byarangiye, n'inzugi za trolley bigomba kuba bikwiye kandi kugenda bigomba humura.

umusaruro wikigereranyo
Nyuma yo kwinjiza ibikoresho no gukemura ibibazo birangiye, urashobora kuvugana nabatekinisiye bubaka kugirango bakore umusaruro wikigereranyo kandi batange igice cyibizamini byumuhanda. Umusaruro wikigereranyo ugomba gukorwa ukurikije igipimo kivanze gitangwa na laboratoire. Umusaruro wikigereranyo ugomba kwimurwa mugihe cyo kuvanga no kuvanga leta nyuma yubushyuhe bwapimwe bwikigereranyo gishyushye kigeze kubisabwa. Dufashe urugero rwa AH-70 asifalt limestone ivanze nkurugero, ubushyuhe rusange bugomba kugera kuri 170 ~ 185 and, naho ubushyuhe bwa asfalt bugomba kuba 155 ~ 165 ℃.
Tegura umuntu udasanzwe (tester) kugirango urebe isura yimvange ya asfalt ahantu hizewe kuruhande rwikinyabiziga. Asfalt igomba gutwikirwa neza, idafite ibice byera, gutandukanya kugaragara cyangwa guhuriza hamwe. Ubushyuhe bwapimwe bugomba kuba 145 ~ 165 ℃, kandi Kugaragara neza, gufata ubushyuhe. Fata ingero zo gukuramo ibizamini kugirango ugenzure ibipimo hamwe namavuta-amabuye kugirango ugenzure ibikoresho.
Hagomba kwitonderwa amakosa yo kugerageza, kandi isuzuma ryuzuye rigomba gukorwa rifatanije ningaruka nyazo nyuma yo gushiraho no kuzunguruka. Umusaruro wikigereranyo ntushobora gufata umwanzuro ku kugenzura ibikoresho. Iyo ibicuruzwa biva mu ruvange rw'ibisobanuro bimwe bigera kuri 2000t cyangwa 5000t, imibare y'ibarurishamibare ya mudasobwa, ubwinshi bw'ibikoresho byakoreshejwe, ubwinshi bw'ibicuruzwa byarangiye hamwe n'ibizamini bigomba gusesengurwa hamwe. fata umwanzuro. Ibipimo bya asfalt byukuri ibikoresho bivanga asfalt bigomba kugera kuri ± 0.25%. Niba idashobora kugera kuriyi ntera, impamvu zigomba kuboneka no gukemurwa.
Umusaruro wikigereranyo nicyiciro cyo gusubiramo inshuro nyinshi, incamake no kunoza, hamwe numurimo uremereye hamwe nibisabwa tekinike. Bisaba ubufatanye bwa hafi buva mu nzego zitandukanye kandi busaba ubuyobozi n'abakozi ba tekinike bafite uburambe runaka. Umwanditsi yizera ko umusaruro wikigereranyo ushobora gufatwa nkuwarangiye nyuma yo gukuramo ibice byose byibikoresho kugirango bikore neza kandi byizewe, ibipimo byose nibisanzwe, hamwe nubwiza bwuruvange kugirango bihamye kandi bigenzurwe.

Abakozi
Ibikoresho binini bivangavanze bya asfalt bigomba kuba bifite umuyobozi 1 ufite imicungire yimashini yubuhanga nuburambe ku kazi, abakora 2 bafite amashuri yisumbuye cyangwa hejuru, hamwe n’amashanyarazi 3 n’abakanishi. Ukurikije uburambe bufatika, igabana ryubwoko bwakazi ntirigomba kuba rirambuye, ahubwo rigomba kuba inzobere mubikorwa byinshi. Abakora nabo bagomba kwitabira kubungabunga kandi barashobora gusimburana mugihe cyakazi. Birakenewe guhitamo abakozi bashobora kwihanganira ingorane kandi bakunda gucengera mubuyobozi no mubikorwa kugirango bongere ubushobozi muri rusange nibikorwa byikipe yose.

kwemerwa
Abayobozi b'ibikoresho binini bivangavanze bya asfalt bagomba gutunganya ababikora nabatekinisiye b'ubwubatsi kugirango bavuge muri make inzira yo gukemura. Ibikoresho byo gutunganya imyanda bigomba kugerageza no gusuzuma ubwiza bw’ibicuruzwa bivangwa n’ibicuruzwa, imikorere yo kugenzura ibikoresho, hamwe n’ibikorwa byo kurinda umutekano, kandi bikagereranywa n’ibisabwa mu masezerano y’amasoko n'amabwiriza. , fomu yanditse amakuru yemewe.
Kwishyiriraho no gukemura nibyo shingiro ryimikorere yumutekano kandi neza. Abashinzwe ibikoresho bagomba kugira ibitekerezo bisobanutse, bakibanda ku guhanga udushya, bagategura muri rusange, kandi bakubahiriza byimazeyo amabwiriza ya tekiniki y’umutekano na gahunda kugira ngo ibikoresho bishyirwe mu bikorwa nk'uko byateganijwe kandi bikore neza, bitanga ingwate ikomeye yo kubaka umuhanda.