1. Amabwiriza yo gusenya, guteranya no gutwara abantu
Imirimo yo gusenya no guteranya sitasiyo ivanga ishyira mubikorwa gahunda ishinzwe umurimo, kandi gahunda zijyanye nazo zirategurwa kandi zishyirwa mubikorwa kugirango inzira zose zo gusenya, kuzamura, gutwara no kwishyiriraho umutekano kandi nta mpanuka. Mugihe kimwe, dukwiye gushyira mubikorwa amahame ya mbere mato mbere yambere manini, yoroshye mbere mbere yingorabahizi, ubutaka bwambere mbere yuburebure burebure, ubanza periferique hanyuma ikakira, ninde usenya ninde ushyiraho. Byongeye kandi, urwego rwibikoresho rugwa rugomba kugenzurwa neza kugirango huzuzwe ibisabwa byo guterura no gutwara abantu mugihe hagomba kubaho ibikoresho neza kandi bikora neza.

2. Urufunguzo rwo gusenya
(1) Imirimo yo kwitegura
Kubera ko sitasiyo ya asfalt igoye kandi nini, hagomba gutegurwa gahunda ifatika yo gusenya no guteranya hashingiwe aho iherereye ndetse n’imiterere yabereye mbere yo kuyisenya no kuyiteranya, kandi hagomba gukorwa amahugurwa y’ubuhanga bw’umutekano ku bakozi bagize uruhare muri gusenya no guterana.

Mbere yo gusenya, isura y'ibikoresho bya sitasiyo ya asfalt n'ibikoresho byayo bigomba kugenzurwa no kwandikwa, kandi icyerekezo cy’ibikoresho kigomba gushushanywa kugira ngo gikoreshwe mu gihe cyo kwishyiriraho. Ugomba kandi gukorana nuwabikoze kugirango ucike kandi ukureho ingufu, amazi n’umwuka w’ibikoresho, no gukuramo amavuta yo gusiga, gukonjesha no gusukura amazi.

Mbere yo gusenya, sitasiyo ya asfalt igomba gushyirwaho uburyo buhoraho bwo kumenyekanisha imibare, kandi ibimenyetso bimwe bigomba kongerwaho ibikoresho byamashanyarazi. Ibimenyetso n'ibimenyetso bitandukanye byo gusenya bigomba kuba bisobanutse kandi bikomeye, kandi ibimenyetso byerekana umwanya hamwe nu bipimo byerekana ibipimo bigomba gushyirwaho ahantu hagomba.

(2) Inzira yo gusenya
Insinga zose ninsinga ntibigomba gucibwa. Mbere yo gusenya insinga, hagomba gukorwa ibigereranyo bitatu (nimero yimbere yimbere, nimero yubuyobozi bwa nimero, numero yo hanze). Gusa nyuma yo kwemeza nibyo, insinga ninsinga birashobora gusenywa. Bitabaye ibyo, ibimenyetso byumubare bigomba guhinduka. Urudodo rwakuweho rugomba gushyirwaho ikimenyetso, kandi abadafite ibimenyetso bagomba guterwa mbere yo gusenywa.

Kugirango harebwe umutekano ugereranije wibikoresho, imashini nibikoresho bikwiye gukoreshwa mugihe cyo gusenya, kandi ntibyemewe gusenya. Amashanyarazi yakuweho, utubuto hamwe nudupapuro twa posisiyo bigomba gusiga amavuta hanyuma bigahita bisunikwa cyangwa bigasubizwa mumwanya wambere kugirango birinde urujijo no gutakaza.

Ibice byashenywe bigomba gusukurwa kandi bigakorerwa ingese mugihe, kandi bikabikwa kuri aderesi yabigenewe. Ibikoresho bimaze gusenywa no guteranyirizwa hamwe, imyanda igomba gusukurwa mugihe.

3. Urufunguzo rwo guterura
(1) Imirimo yo kwitegura
Gushiraho itsinda ryibikoresho bya asfalt ninzibacyuho nogutwara abagenzi kugirango bategure igabana ryinzibacyuho nogutwara abakozi, batange ubumenyi bwumutekano muke mukuzamura no gutwara abantu, no gutegura gahunda yo kuzamura. Suzuma inzira yo gutwara abantu kandi wumve intera yumuhanda utwara abantu hamwe nimbogamizi ndende-nini cyane cyane kubice byumuhanda.

Abashoferi ba Crane nabaterura bagomba kuba bafite ibyemezo byihariye byo gukora kandi bafite uburambe bwimyaka irenga itatu. Tonage ya crane igomba kuba yujuje ibisabwa muri gahunda yo kuzamura, ikagira ibyapa byuzuye hamwe nimpamyabumenyi, kandi igatsinda ubugenzuzi nishami rishinzwe ubugenzuzi bwa tekinike. Abashitsi n'abakwirakwiza bujuje ibisabwa kandi batsinde igenzura ryiza. Ibikoresho byo gutwara abantu bigomba kuba bimeze neza, kandi ibyapa nimpamyabumenyi bigomba kuba byuzuye kandi byujuje ibisabwa.

(2) Kuzamura no kuzamura
Uburyo bwo gukora umutekano bugomba gukurikizwa cyane mugihe cyo guterura. Ibikorwa byo kuzamura kurubuga bigomba kuyoborwa numukozi wabigenewe, kandi abantu benshi ntibagomba kuyoborwa. Muri icyo gihe, tuzaha ibikoresho abagenzuzi b'umutekano igihe cyose kugirango dukureho ibintu bitameze neza mugihe gikwiye.

Ibikorwa byo guterura rimwe na rimwe bigomba kwirindwa. Kugirango wirinde kwangiza ibikoresho mugihe cyo kuzamura, hagomba gutoranywa ingingo zikwiye zo guterura no kuzamurwa buhoro kandi witonze. Hagomba gufatwa ingamba zo gukingira aho umugozi winsinga uhuye nibikoresho. Riggers igomba kwambara ingofero z'umutekano n'umukandara wumutekano mugihe ikorera ahantu hirengeye, kandi imikoreshereze yabyo igomba kubahiriza amabwiriza yumutekano.

Ibikoresho byapakiwe muri romoruki bigomba gufatanwa ibitotsi, inyabutatu, imigozi y'insinga n'iminyururu y'intoki kugirango birinde kugwa mugihe cyo gutwara.

(3) Gutwara abantu
Mugihe cyo gutwara abantu, itsinda ryubwishingizi bwumutekano rigizwe numuyagankuba 1, abatoranya imirongo 2 nushinzwe umutekano 1 bagomba kuba bashinzwe umutekano wubwikorezi mugihe cyo gutwara. Itsinda ryishingira umutekano rigomba kuba rifite ibikoresho nibikoresho nkenerwa kugirango bisibe inzira imbere ya convoy. Andika amato mbere yo kugenda kandi ukomeze ukurikije nimero mugihe cyurugendo. Iyo gutwara ibikoresho bidashobora gusenyuka kandi bifite ubunini burenze agaciro kagenwe, hagomba gushyirwaho ibimenyetso byingenzi ahantu harenze, amabendera atukura amanikwa kumanywa kandi amatara atukura amanikwa nijoro.

Mugice cyose cyumuhanda, umushoferi wikamyo akurura agomba gukurikiza amabwiriza yitsinda rishinzwe umutekano, kubahiriza amategeko yumuhanda, gutwara ubwitonzi, no kurinda umutekano wo gutwara. Itsinda rishinzwe umutekano rigomba gusuzuma niba ibikoresho bifatanye kandi niba ikinyabiziga kimeze neza. Niba hari ikibazo kibi kibonetse, kigomba guhita gikurwaho cyangwa guhamagara umuyobozi. Ntabwo byemewe gutwara hamwe nibikorwa bibi cyangwa umutekano.

Ntugakurikire imodoka cyane mugihe convoy igenda. Ku mihanda minini isanzwe, intera itekanye igera kuri 100m igomba kubungabungwa hagati yimodoka; ku mihanda minini, intera itekanye igera kuri 200m igomba kubungabungwa hagati yimodoka. Iyo imodoka itambutse ikinyabiziga kigenda buhoro, umushoferi wikinyabiziga arengana agomba kuba ashinzwe kumenyekanisha uko umuhanda umeze imbere yikinyabiziga inyuma no kuyobora ikinyabiziga inyuma. Ntukarengere ku gahato udakuyeho umuhanda uri imbere.

Amato arashobora guhitamo ahantu heza ho kuruhukira by'agateganyo ukurikije imiterere yo gutwara. Iyo ihagaritswe by'agateganyo mu modoka, kubaza icyerekezo, n'ibindi, umushoferi n'abagenzi ba buri kinyabiziga ntibemerewe kuva mu modoka. Iyo ikinyabiziga gihagaritswe by'agateganyo, kigomba gucana amatara yacyo abiri yaka nk'ikuburira, kandi izindi modoka zifite inshingano zo kwibutsa umushoferi guhitamo umuvuduko ukwiye wo gutwara.

4. Urufunguzo rwo kwishyiriraho
(1) Igenamiterere shingiro
Tegura ikibanza ukurikije igishushanyo mbonera cyibikoresho kugirango winjire neza kandi usohoke kubinyabiziga byose. Inkingi ya ankeri yamaguru yinyubako yububiko buvanze igomba kuba ishobora kugenda neza mumyobo yifatizo kugirango ihindure imyanya yamaguru. Koresha ibikoresho bikwiye byo guterura kugirango ushyire hanze, hanyuma ushyireho inkoni zihuza hejuru ya outriggers. Suka minisiteri mu mwobo w'ifatizo. Isima imaze gukomera, shyira abamesa nimbuto hejuru ya ankeri hanyuma ukomere amaguru mu mwanya.

(2) Ibikoresho n'ibikoresho
Kugirango ushyireho urubuga rwo hasi, koresha crane kugirango uzamure ikibanza cyo hasi cyinyubako kugirango igwe hanze. Shyiramo ibipapuro byerekana umwanya kuri outriggers mumyobo ijyanye na plaque yo hepfo ya platifomu hanyuma ushireho Bolt.

Shyiramo icyuma gishyushye kandi uzamure icyuma gishyushye kumwanya uhagaze, hanyuma ushyire hepfo yacyo kuri fondasiyo hanyuma ushyireho inkoni zishyigikiwe na bolts kugirango wirinde kuzunguruka no kuzunguruka. Noneho uhuze ibyasohotse byasohotse hamwe nicyambu cyo guhuza umukungugu wo gufunga umukungugu wa ecran ya ecran.

Shyiramo ingoma yumye. Kura ingoma yumisha ahantu hanyuma ushyire amaguru hamwe ninkoni. Fungura igifuniko cyo gufunga umukungugu hejuru yikintu gishyushye, hanyuma uhuze chute isohoka yingoma yumye hamwe na chute yo kugaburira ya lift ishushe. Muguhindura uburebure bwamaguru ya elastike kumpera yo kugaburira ingoma yumye, inguni ihengamye yingoma yumye ihindurwa mumwanya. Uzamure icyotsa kuri flange yo kwishyiriraho hanyuma ushimangire Bolt yo kwishyiriraho, hanyuma uyihuze kumwanya ukwiye.

Shyiramo umukandara ukenyeye hamwe na ecran ya ecran hanyuma uzamure umukandara ukenyeye kugirango uhuze nigaburo ryingoma yumye. Mugihe ushyizeho ecran ya ecran, umwanya wacyo ugomba gukosorwa kugirango wirinde ko ibintu bitagenda, kandi urebe ko ecran yinyeganyeza ihengamye ku mpande zisabwa mu cyerekezo kirekire.

Kugirango ushyireho buri kintu cyose cya sisitemu ya asfalt, uzamure pompe ya asifalt hamwe na chassis yigenga ahantu, uhuze igikoresho na tank ya insulasiyo ya asifalt hamwe n ibikoresho bivanga umubiri, hanyuma ushyireho valve isohoka kumurongo wo hasi wa pompe ya asfalt. Umuyoboro wo gutwara asfalt ugomba gushyirwaho ku nguni, kandi impande zayo zigomba kuba munsi ya 5 ° kugirango asfalt ishobore kugenda neza. Iyo ushyizeho imiyoboro ya asfalt, uburebure bwayo bugomba gutuma ibinyabiziga bigenda neza.

Asifalt yinzira eshatu ziherereye hejuru ya asfalt ipima hopper. Mbere yo kwishyiriraho, kura isake kuri valve, shyiramo kashe imeze nkinkoni mumubiri wa valve, uyisubize inyuma hanyuma ukomere inkoko.

Gukoresha insinga no gushiraho ibikoresho byamashanyarazi bigomba gukorwa nabashinzwe amashanyarazi babishoboye.

5. Urufunguzo rwo kubika
Niba ibikoresho bigomba gufungwa igihe kirekire kugirango bibikwe, ahantu hagomba gutegurwa no kuringanizwa mbere yo kubika kugirango inzira zinjira nizisohoka neza.

Mbere yo kubika ibikoresho, imirimo ikurikira igomba gukorwa mugihe gikenewe: kuvanaho ingese, guhambira no gupfuka ibikoresho, ndetse no kugenzura, kugenzura, kubika no kurinda imashini zose zubaka, ibikoresho byo gupima, ibikoresho byogusukura nibikoresho byo kurinda abakozi; gusiba ibikoresho byo kuvanga ibikoresho byose imbere; guhagarika amashanyarazi kugirango wirinde ibikoresho gutangira kubwimpanuka; koresha kaseti ikingira kugirango uhambire kaseti ya V, hanyuma ukoreshe amavuta kugirango utwikire urunigi rwoherejwe hamwe na bolts ishobora guhinduka;

Kurinda sisitemu ya gaze ukurikije ibisabwa n'amabwiriza ya sisitemu ya gaze; upfundikire ahasohora ingoma yumye chimney kugirango wirinde amazi yimvura gutemba. Mugihe cyo kubika ibikoresho, hagomba gushyirwaho umuntu wihaye kugenzura ibikoresho, gukora isuku no kuyitunganya buri gihe, no kubika inyandiko.