Nigute ushobora kuba asifalt yujuje ibyangombwa ukora uruganda? Mbere ya byose, uyikoresha agomba kuba azi imiterere n'amahame y'akazi ya buri gice cyavanze. Kuri iyi shingiro, ugenzure neza ibisobanuro byose byakozwe, cyane cyane sisitemu yo gupima, kuko ubwiza bwimirimo yo gupima bizagira ingaruka kuburyo butaziguye ubwiza bwuruvange rwa asfalt. Ibipimo bya tekiniki.
Kubireba sisitemu yo gupima amabuye, twakagombye kumenya ko:
(1) Komeza buri rugi rusohokera kandi rufunge byoroshye kandi byihuse;
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(3) Buri rugi rusohoka rugomba gufungwa bidatinze kandi rufunze neza. Ntabwo hagomba kubaho kumeneka kw'ibikoresho nyuma yo gupima ibintu kimwe;
. Igiteranyo cyo gupima icyuma kigomba guhagarikwa burundu igihe cyose;
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Kuri sisitemu yo gupima ifu, ingingo zikurikira zigomba kwitonderwa:
(1) Komeza ifu itanga imiyoboro yoroshye kandi ntakabuza;
(2) Ibiryo cyangwa valve bigomba gufungwa cyane kandi nta fu ishobora kumeneka mugihe ibipimo birangiye;
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(4) Sisitemu yo gupima yose igomba gufungwa neza kugirango ifu itangirika kandi ifatanye;
(5) Igipimo cyifu kigomba gusohoka neza, kandi ntigomba kuba ifu isigaye imbere murwego. Urugi rusohoka rugomba gufungwa cyane, kandi nta fu igomba gutemba mugihe cyo gupima.
Witondere ibi bikurikira kuri sisitemu yo gupima asfalt:
(1) Mbere yo gutangira umusaruro, umuyoboro ugomba gushyuha byuzuye kugirango ubushyuhe bwa asfalt muri sisitemu bugere ku giciro cyagenwe;
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(4) Igikorwa cya metero ya asfalt yoguhindura valve igomba kuba yuzuye kandi mugihe, kandi kashe igomba kuba nziza. Igipimo cya asfalt kigomba kumanikwa neza kandi byoroshye.
Kuri sisitemu yose yo gupima uruganda ruvanga asfalt, uyikoresha agomba kugenzura kenshi. Reba niba igipimo cyo gupima cyahagaritswe burundu kandi niba hari ikintu gifatika. Reba niba buri sensor ipima ikora bisanzwe kandi niba induction yoroheje. Kugenzura buri gihe kugirango agaciro kagaragajwe gahuye nagaciro nyako. Niba hari ikibazo kibonetse, gikemure mugihe kugirango urebe ko sisitemu yo gupima ihora imeze neza.
Icya kabiri, uyikoresha agomba kwegeranya uburambe bukomeye kandi akabasha kumenya ibyananiranye no gukanika no gukuraho ingaruka zihishe vuba bishoboka. Nyuma yikosa ribaye, rigomba gucibwa neza kandi rigakurwaho mugihe kugirango imikoreshereze isanzwe yimashini. Kugirango ubigereho, usibye kubungabunga imashini mugihe gikurikije amabwiriza, uyikoresha agomba no gukora ibi bikurikira:
(1) Umukoresha agomba gukora amarondo kenshi, kwitegereza neza, no kugenzura neza ibice byimuwe kenshi. Reba niba amasano arekuye, niba amavuta ari meza, niba kugenda byoroshye, niba hari imyenda idasanzwe, nibindi, hanyuma ukemure ibibazo byose mugihe gikwiye;
(2) Iyo sitasiyo ivanga izunguruka, umva n'amatwi yawe, tekereza n'umutima wawe, kandi wumve amajwi yose. Niba hari amajwi adasanzwe. Birakenewe kumenya icyabimuteye no kubikemura neza;
(3) Ba umuhanga mu kumenya impumuro zitandukanye. Kurugero, niba ubushyuhe bwamavuta buri hejuru cyane, ubushyuhe bwo gusohora burenze imipaka, imizunguruko nibikoresho byamashanyarazi bigufi-bigatwikwa, ubushyuhe bukabije buterwa no guterana bidasanzwe, ibikoresho byamashanyarazi nizunguruka biremereye kandi bitera ubushyuhe bukomeye, nibindi, nibindi, nibindi. bazasohora impumuro zitandukanye. Binyuze mu mpumuro zitandukanye, kunanirwa igice nabyo birashobora gutegurwa.
Muri make, uyikoresha agomba kwitondera isura namabara, agakoresha ibyumviro bitandukanye kandi agakoresha ibikoresho bitandukanye kugirango yumve impinduka zose zidasanzwe, abisesengure neza, amenye impamvu, kandi amenye akaga kihishe. Bitewe nuburyo bugoye bwo kuvanga sitasiyo, hari ubwoko bwinshi bwibigize, harimo sisitemu yo kugenzura amashanyarazi na gaze, sisitemu yo gutanga asifalt, sisitemu yo gutwika, sisitemu yo gupima, sisitemu yo gukuramo ivumbi, nibindi biragoye cyane kubakoresha kumenya byose ibice no guca imanza neza no gukuraho amakosa yose mugihe gito. Kubwibyo, niba ushaka kuba umukoresha mwiza, ugomba kwitegereza neza, gutekereza kenshi, kuvuga muri make witonze, no guhora ukusanya uburambe. Byongeye kandi, usibye kuba umuhanga mubikoresho, abakoresha nabo bagomba kuba bafite ubumenyi bwo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa. Nukuvuga ko bamenyereye ubushyuhe, igipimo cyamavuta-amabuye, igipimo, nibindi byivanze rya asfalt, kandi birashobora guca imanza tekinike kubivanze nubuhanga, kandi bigasesengura no gukemura ibibazo muruvange mugihe gikwiye.
(1) Kugenzura ubushyuhe buvanze:
Ubushyuhe bw'uruvange ni kimwe mu bipimo ngenderwaho byo gusuzuma impamyabumenyi. Niba ubushyuhe buri hejuru cyangwa hasi cyane, bizaba imyanda kandi ntibishobora gukoreshwa. Kubwibyo, uburyo bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe nimwe mubuhanga bwibanze abashoramari bagomba kugira.
Ibintu bigira ingaruka kubushyuhe buvanze harimo ubwiza bwa lisansi. Niba ubwiza bwa lisansi ari bubi, agaciro ka calorificique ni gake, kandi gutwikwa bidahagije, bizatera ibuye gushyuha bidahindagurika, ubushyuhe buzaba buke, kandi ibisigazwa byo gutwika bizaguma muruvange, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kuri ubwiza bwuruvange. Niba ibicanwa bya peteroli ari byinshi, ibyanduye ni byinshi, kandi amazi ni menshi. Bizatera ingorane zo gutwika, guhagarika imiyoboro, no kugenzura ubushyuhe. Ibirungo biri mu bikoresho fatizo ni ikindi kintu kigira ingaruka ku bushyuhe. Ibikoresho bibisi bifite ibinini byinshi kandi ntibingana. Mugihe cyo gukora, ubushyuhe bwo gushyushya ibuye buragoye kubigenzura. Byongeye kandi, tekiniki ya sisitemu yo gutwika, umuvuduko wa pompe itanga lisansi, nubunini bwa lisansi byose bifitanye isano nubushyuhe bwuruvange. Kunanirwa nko kwambara, kumeneka kwikirere, no guhagarika sisitemu yo gutwika birinda buri kintu gukomeza gukora imikorere yacyo yambere, bikaviramo umuvuduko muke wa sisitemu, itangwa rya lisansi idahindagurika, ingaruka mbi yo gutwika atomike, kandi bikagira ingaruka zikomeye kubushyuhe bukabije.
Kubwibyo, abashoramari babimenyereye bagomba gushobora kumenya neza ubwiza bwa lisansi, gukama nubushuhe bwibikoresho fatizo, nuburyo imikorere ya sisitemu yo gutwika. Fata ingamba zikwiye mugihe ibibazo byavumbuwe. Nubwo ibikoresho byo kuvanga uyumunsi bifite ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwikora, kugenzura ubushyuhe biratinda kuko bisaba inzira kuva gutahura ubushyuhe kugeza kongeramo no gukuramo umuriro kugirango uhindure ubushyuhe. Kugirango hamenyekane neza ko kuvanga ubushyuhe buvanze bidatanga imyanda, uyikoresha agomba kwitondera yitonze igipimo cy’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe, agahanura ibisubizo by’imihindagurikire y’ubushyuhe hakiri kare, kandi akongeraho intoki cyangwa kugabanya umuriro cyangwa kongera cyangwa kugabanya ingano y’ibiryo kugira ngo agenzure ubushyuhe burahinduka kugirango ibisubizo byimpinduka Nturenze urwego rwagenwe, bityo kugabanya cyangwa gukuraho imyanda.
(2) Kugenzura amanota yo kuvanga:
Itondekanya ryuruvange rigira ingaruka itaziguye kumikorere ya pavement. Niba itondekanya ryuruvange ridafite ishingiro, pavement izarwara indwara zimwe na zimwe nkikigereranyo kinini cyangwa gitoya cyangiritse, amazi yinjira, gutemba, nibindi, bizagabanya ubuzima bwumurimo wa kaburimbo kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yumushinga. Kubwibyo, kugenzura amanota yimvange nayo ni bumwe mubuhanga umuyobozi agomba kuba afite.
Ibintu bigira ingaruka kumurongo wuruvange harimo: impinduka mubunini bwibikoresho fatizo, impinduka muguhuza sitasiyo ya ecran, ikosa ryo gupima, nibindi.
Ingano yubunini bwibikoresho fatizo igira ingaruka ku ntera yo kuvanga. Mugihe habonetse impinduka mubikoresho fatizo, uyikoresha agomba gufatanya na laboratoire kugirango ahuze neza igipimo cyo kuvanga umusaruro. Guhindura ibintu bishyushye bya ecran muguhuza sitasiyo nikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka kumyanya ivanze. Niba ecran ifunze kandi ibintu bishyushye ntibigaragajwe bihagije, amanota azaba yoroheje. Niba ecran yamenetse, yangiritse, yamenetse, cyangwa yambarwa kurenza imipaka , izakora imvange ya gradation coarser; ikosa ryo gupimwa rya sitasiyo ivanze naryo rigira ingaruka itaziguye. Niba ibipimo byo gupima ibipimo byahinduwe binini cyane, igipimo cyo kuvanga umusaruro kizatandukana cyane nigipimo cyo kuvanga intego, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere yuruvange. Niba ibipimo byo gupima ibipimo byahinduwe bito cyane, bizongera igihe cyo gupima kandi bigira ingaruka kumusaruro. Bizatera kandi gupima kurenza urugero kandi bigira ingaruka kumikorere isanzwe yo kuvanga.
Muri make, umukoresha agomba kwitondera cyane impinduka mubikoresho fatizo, kugenzura ecran kenshi, gukemura ibibazo mugihe gikwiye, no guhindura igipimo cyo gupima kumiterere myiza ukurikije ibiranga sitasiyo ivanze nibindi bintu. Witondere witonze ibindi bintu bigira ingaruka kumanota kugirango umenye igipimo cyo kuvanga urusyo rwindege.
(3) Kugenzura igipimo cyamavuta-amabuye avanze:
Ikigereranyo cya asfalt ivanze na asifalt-amabuye igenwa nigipimo cyibikoresho byamabuye y'agaciro nibirimo ifu. Nubwishingizi bwibanze kumbaraga za kaburimbo n'imikorere yabyo. Byinshi cyangwa bike cyane asfalt bizatera indwara zitandukanye kuri pavement.
Kubwibyo, kugenzura neza ingano ya asfalt nigice cyingenzi cyo kugenzura umusaruro. Abakoresha bagomba kwitondera ibintu bikurikira mugihe cyo gukora:
Mugihe cyo gukora, gerageza uhindure ikosa ryurwego rwo gupima asfalt ntoya ishoboka kugirango ugere kubipimo byiza bya asfalt; ingano yifu yinyongera nayo nikintu cyingenzi kigira ingaruka ku kigereranyo cya asfalt-amabuye, bityo gupima ifu nayo igomba kugenzurwa neza; ukurikije ivumbi ryibintu byiza byuzuye, kora ibyo uhinduye Gufungura umushinga winjiza umufana uremeza ko ivumbi riri muruvange ruri murwego rwo gushushanya.