Gutwika ibyuma byikora byateguwe muburyo bwo gutwika nk'amavuta yoroheje, gutwika amavuta aremereye, gutwika gaze, hamwe na peteroli na gaze. Guhitamo neza no gufata neza gutwika birashobora kuzigama amafaranga menshi no kongera ubuzima bwa sisitemu yo gutwika. Mu myaka yashize, guhangana n’igabanuka ry’inyungu zatewe n’izamuka ry’ibiciro bya peteroli, abacuruzi benshi bavanga sitasiyo ya asfalt batangiye gushaka ibicanwa bikwiye kugira ngo barusheho guhangana. Imashini zubaka umuhanda zagiye zibogama mugukoresha amashanyarazi yumuriro wa geoterique bitewe nimpamvu zidasanzwe zimikorere yabyo ndetse n’ahantu hakoreshwa. Mu myaka mike ishize, amavuta yoroheje yakoreshejwe cyane nka lisansi nyamukuru, ariko kubera izamuka ryihuse ryibiciro byatewe no kuzamuka kwizamuka ryibiciro bya peteroli yoroheje, inyinshi muri zo zabogamye ku ikoreshwa ry’amavuta aremereye mu myaka yashize. . Noneho ingengo yimari igereranya moderi yoroheje na peteroli iremereye ikorwa kugirango ikoreshwe: Urugero, ibikoresho byo kuvanga asifalt yo mu bwoko bwa 3000 bifite umusaruro wa buri munsi wa toni 1.800 kandi bikoreshwa iminsi 120 kumwaka, umusaruro wa 1.800 × 120 ＝ Toni 216.000. Dufate ko ubushyuhe bwibidukikije ari 20 °, ubushyuhe bwo gusohora ni 160 °, ibiterane byose hamwe ni 5%, naho lisansi ikenerwa nicyitegererezo cyiza igera kuri 7kg / t, ikoreshwa rya lisansi yumwaka ni 216000 × 7 / 1000 ＝ 1512t.
Igiciro cya Diesel (kibarwa muri kamena 2005): 4500 yuan / t, amezi ane igura 4500 × 1512 ＝ 6804.000.
Igiciro cya peteroli iremereye: 1800 ～ 2400 yuan / t, amezi ane igura 1800 × 1512 ＝ 2721,600 yuan cyangwa 2400 × 1512 ＝ 3628.800. Gukoresha amavuta aremereye mumezi ane birashobora kuzigama 408.2200 cyangwa 3175.200.
Nkuko icyifuzo cya lisansi gihinduka, ibisabwa byujuje ibyotsa nabyo bigenda byiyongera. Imikorere myiza yo gutwika, gukora neza cyane, hamwe nigipimo kinini cyo guhindura ni intego zikurikiranwa nibice bitandukanye byubaka ikiraro. Ariko, hariho abakora ibicuruzwa byinshi bafite ibirango bitandukanye. Gusa muguhitamo igikwiye arashobora ibisabwa hejuru.

[1] Guhitamo ubwoko butandukanye bwo gutwika
1.1 Gutwika bigabanijwemo ingufu za atomisiyumu, atomisiyumu yo hagati, hamwe nigikombe cya atomisiyoneri ukurikije uburyo bwa atomisation.
. Ibiranga ni atomisation imwe, imikorere yoroshye, ibikoreshwa bike, nigiciro gito. Kugeza ubu, imashini nyinshi zubaka umuhanda zikoresha ubu bwoko bwa atomisation.
. Ikiranga nuko ibikenerwa bya lisansi bitari hejuru (nkibicuruzwa bikomoka kuri peteroli nkamavuta asigaye), ariko haribindi bikoreshwa kandi igiciro cyiyongera. Kugeza ubu, inganda zubaka umuhanda gake zikoresha ubu bwoko bwimashini. . Irashobora gutwika ibikomoka kuri peteroli, nkamavuta asigara cyane. Nyamara, moderi irazimvye, kuzenguruka igikombe cya disiki biroroshye kwambara, kandi ibisabwa byo gukemura ni byinshi cyane. Kugeza ubu, ubu bwoko bwimashini ntabwo bukoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo kubaka umuhanda. 1.2 Gutwika birashobora kugabanwa mubwoko bwimbunda hamwe no gutwika ubwoko bwimbunda ukurikije imiterere yimashini
. Barangwa nubunini buto nigipimo gito cyo guhinduka, muri rusange 1: 2.5. Bakoresha cyane sisitemu yo gutwika amashanyarazi menshi. Birahendutse kubiciro, ariko bifite ibisabwa byinshi mubyiza bya peteroli nibidukikije. Ubu bwoko bwa firime burashobora gutoranywa kubikoresho bifite umusaruro uri munsi ya 120t / h na lisansi ya mazutu, nk'ikidage "Weishuo".
. Barangwa nubunini bunini nimbaraga nyinshi zisohoka. Bakoresha cyane sisitemu yo gutwika gaze. Umubare wo guhinduka ni munini, muri rusange 1: 4 kugeza 1: 6, ndetse ushobora no kugera kuri 1:10. Ziri mu rusaku kandi zifite ibisabwa bike ku bwiza bwa peteroli n'ibidukikije. Ubu bwoko bwo gutwika bukoreshwa mu nganda zubaka umuhanda mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yarwo, nka "Parker" w’Abongereza, Ikiyapani "Tanaka" n’Ubutaliyani "ABS". 1.3 Imiterere yuburyo bwa firime
Gutwika byikora birashobora kugabanywa muri sisitemu yo gutanga ikirere, sisitemu yo gutanga lisansi, sisitemu yo kugenzura na sisitemu yo gutwika.
(1) Sisitemu yo gutanga ikirere igomba gutangwa ogisijene ihagije kugirango itwike burundu. Ibicanwa bitandukanye bifite amajwi atandukanye asabwa. Kurugero, 15.7m3 / h yumuyaga bigomba gutangwa kugirango bitwike byuzuye kuri buri kilo cya No 0 mazutu munsi yumuvuduko wumwuka. 15m3 / h yumwuka ugomba gutangwa kugirango utwike burundu amavuta aremereye afite agaciro ka 9550Kcal / Kg.
. Uburyo bwo gutanga lisansi burashobora kugabanywa mugutanga umuvuduko mwinshi no gutanga umuvuduko muke. Muri byo, igitutu atomizing yotsa ikoresha uburyo bwo gutanga umuvuduko mwinshi hamwe nigitutu gisabwa kuri 15 kugeza 28. Rotary cup atomizing burners ikoresha uburyo bwo gutanga umuvuduko muke hamwe nigitutu cya 5 kugeza 8 bar. Kugeza ubu, sisitemu yo gutanga lisansi yinganda zubaka imihanda ahanini ikoresha uburyo bwo gutanga umuvuduko mwinshi. . (4) Sisitemu yo gutwika Imiterere yumuriro nuburyo bwuzuye bwo gutwika ahanini biterwa na sisitemu yo gutwika. Diameter yumuriro ugurumana muri rusange isabwa kutarenza 1,6m, kandi nibyiza kuyihindura ugereranije, muri rusange igashyirwa kuri 1: 4 kugeza 1: 6. Niba diameter ya flame ari nini cyane, bizatera imyuka ikomeye ya karubone ku ngoma y'itanura. Umuriro muremure cyane uzatera ubushyuhe bwa gaze ya gaze kurenza urugero kandi byangiza umufuka wumukungugu. Bizatwika kandi ibikoresho cyangwa umwenda wuzuye wuzuye amavuta. Fata ubwoko bwacu bwo kuvanga ubwoko bwa 2000 nkurugero: diameter yingoma yumye ni 2,2m naho uburebure bwa 7.7m, bityo diameter yumuriro ntishobora kurenza 1.5m, kandi uburebure bwumuriro burashobora guhinduka uko bishakiye muri 2.5 kugeza 4.5m .

Gufata neza
. Niba ubuso bwa screw cyangwa ibinyomoro byanduye cyane cyangwa ingese, valve igenzura igomba gusanwa cyangwa gusimburwa. . Mugihe ukoresheje amavuta ashyushye, reba niba imiyoboro ya peteroli yose ikingiwe neza. . Akayunguruzo ko mu bwoko bwa "Y" kuri firime igomba guhanagurwa kenshi, cyane cyane iyo ukoresheje amavuta aremereye cyangwa amavuta asigara, kugirango wirinde nozzle na valve gufunga. Mugihe cyo gukora, reba igipimo cyumuvuduko kuri firime kugirango urebe niba kiri murwego rusanzwe. . . Itegereze imikorere yicyuma. Niba urusaku rwinshi cyangwa kunyeganyega cyane, hindura ibyuma kugirango ubiveho. Kuri blower itwarwa na pulley, koresha amavuta buri gihe kandi uhambire umukandara kugirango umenye neza ko umuyaga ushobora kubyara umuvuduko ukabije. Sukura kandi usige amavuta ya valve ihuza kugirango urebe niba imikorere igenda neza. Niba hari inzitizi mubikorwa, simbuza ibikoresho. Menya niba umuvuduko wumuyaga wujuje ibyangombwa byakazi. Umuvuduko ukabije wumuyaga uzatera inkongi yumuriro, bikaviramo ubushyuhe bukabije bwicyapa kiyobora kumpera yimbere yingoma hamwe nicyapa cyambura ibikoresho muri zone yaka. Umuvuduko ukabije wumuyaga uzatera umuvuduko ukabije, ubushyuhe bukabije bwimifuka cyangwa gutwikwa.
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. Umwanya udakwiye hamwe nubushyuhe bukabije bizatera ibimenyetso byamafoto adahungabana cyangwa no kunanirwa umuriro.

[3] Gukoresha neza amavuta yaka
Amavuta yaka agabanijwemo amavuta yoroheje namavuta aremereye ukurikije ibyiciro bitandukanye. Amavuta yoroheje arashobora kubona ingaruka nziza ya atomisation adashyushye. Amavuta aremereye cyangwa amavuta asigaye agomba gushyuha mbere yo kuyakoresha kugirango harebwe niba ubwiza bwamavuta buri murwego rwemewe rwo gutwika. Viscometer irashobora gukoreshwa mugupima ibisubizo no kubona ubushyuhe bwa peteroli. Ingero zamavuta zisigaye zigomba koherezwa muri laboratoire mbere yo gusuzuma agaciro kazo.
Nyuma yamavuta aremereye cyangwa amavuta asigaye yakoreshejwe mugihe runaka, icyotezo kigomba kugenzurwa no guhindurwa. Isesengura rya gaze yaka irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango hamenyekane niba lisansi yatwitse rwose. Muri icyo gihe, ingoma yumye hamwe nayunguruzo yimifuka bigomba kugenzurwa kugirango harebwe niba hari ibicu byamavuta cyangwa impumuro yamavuta kugirango wirinde umuriro n’amavuta. Ikusanyirizo ryamavuta kuri atomizer riziyongera uko ubwiza bwamavuta bwifashe nabi, bityo bigomba guhanagurwa buri gihe.
Iyo ukoresheje amavuta asigaye, isohoka rya peteroli yikigega cya peteroli igomba kuba iri kuri cm 50 hejuru yubutaka kugirango wirinde amazi n’imyanda yashyizwe munsi yikigega cya peteroli kwinjira mu muyoboro wa lisansi. Mbere yuko lisansi yinjira mu cyotsa, igomba kuyungurura hamwe na 40-meshi. Igipimo cyumuvuduko wamavuta gishyirwa kumpande zombi ziyungurura kugirango harebwe imikorere myiza ya filteri no kuyimenya no kuyisukura mugihe ihagaritswe.
Byongeye kandi, nyuma yakazi karangiye, icyotezo kigomba kubanza kuzimwa, hanyuma gushyushya amavuta aremereye bigomba kuzimwa. Iyo imashini ifunzwe igihe kirekire cyangwa mugihe cyubukonje, valve yumuzunguruko wamavuta igomba guhindurwa kandi umuzenguruko wamavuta ugomba guhanagurwa namavuta yoroheje, bitabaye ibyo bizatera uruziga rwamavuta guhagarikwa cyangwa kugurumana.

Umwanzuro
Mu iterambere ryihuse ryubwubatsi bwimihanda, gukoresha neza sisitemu yo gutwika ntabwo byongerera igihe cyakazi cyibikoresho bya mashini gusa, ahubwo binagabanya igiciro cyumushinga kandi bizigama amafaranga ningufu nyinshi.