Turabizi ko urwego rwibanze rwa pavement ya bitumen igabanijwemo igice-gikomeye kandi gikomeye. Kubera ko urwego shingiro hamwe nubuso bwububiko ari ibikoresho byimiterere itandukanye, guhuza neza nimbaraga zikomeza hagati yibi byombi nurufunguzo rwibisabwa muri ubu bwoko bwa pavement. Byongeye kandi, iyo kaburimbo ya bitumen yinjiye mu mazi, amazi menshi azaba yibumbiye hamwe hagati yubuso n’igice fatizo, bikangiza ibyangiritse kuri kaburimbo nko gutaka, kurekura, n’ibinogo. Kubwibyo, kongeramo kashe yo hepfo kurwego rwa kimwe cya kabiri cyangwa gikomeye bizagira uruhare runini mukuzamura imbaraga, ituze hamwe nubushobozi bwamazi adafite amazi ya pavement yubatswe. Turabizi ko ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa cyane ni ugukoresha tekinoroji yimodoka ya chip ikomatanya.

Uruhare rwikimenyetso cyo hepfo yikinyabiziga gikomatanya chip

1. Guhuza imiyoboro
Hariho itandukaniro rigaragara hagati ya pavement ya bitumen na kimwe cya kabiri gikomeye cyangwa gikomeye mu rwego rwimiterere, ibikoresho byo guhimba, tekinoroji yubwubatsi nigihe. Intego, ubuso bwo kunyerera bukorwa hagati yubuso nuburinganire bwibanze. Nyuma yo kongeramo kashe yo hepfo, urwego rwo hejuru hamwe na base base irashobora guhuzwa neza.

2. Kwimura umutwaro
Ubuso bwa bitumen hamwe na kimwe cya kabiri-gikomeye cyangwa gikomeye cyibanze bigira uruhare rutandukanye muri sisitemu yuburyo bwa pavement.
Ubuso bwa bitumen bugira uruhare runini mukurwanya kunyerera, kutirinda amazi, kurwanya urusaku, kunyerera no gukata, no kohereza imitwaro kuri base.
Kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kwimura imizigo, hagomba kubaho ubudahwema bukomeye hagati yubuso bwubutaka nuburinganire bwibanze, kandi ubu buryo burashobora kugerwaho binyuze mubikorwa byurwego rwo hasi rwo gufunga (layer adhesive layer, permeable layer).

3. Kunoza imbaraga zubuso bwumuhanda
Modulus yo kwihanganira ubuso bwa bitumen itandukanye nubwa kimwe cya kabiri-gikomeye cyangwa gikomeye. Iyo bihujwe hamwe munsi yumutwaro, uburyo bwo gukwirakwiza stress ya buri cyiciro kiratandukanye, kandi deformasiyo nayo iratandukanye. Munsi yumutwaro uhagaze hamwe ningaruka zingaruka zikinyabiziga, Igice cyo hejuru kizaba gifite icyerekezo cyo kwimuka ugereranije nigice fatizo. Niba guterana imbere hamwe no gufatira hejuru yubuso ubwabwo hamwe no kunama no guhagarika umutima munsi yubutaka bwubuso ntibishobora kunanira iyi mpungenge zo kwimuka, urwego rwo hejuru ruzagira ibibazo nko gusunika, gutitira, cyangwa no kurekura no gukuramo, bityo an imbaraga zinyongera zirasabwa gukumira uru rugendo rwimikoranire. Nyuma yo kongeramo kashe yo hepfo, kurwanya ubukana hamwe nimbaraga zifatika zo gukumira urujya n'uruza byiyongera hagati yurwego, rushobora gukora imirimo yo guhuza no guhinduranya hagati yubukomezi nubworoherane, kuburyo igipande cyubuso, igipande fatizo, umusego kandi umusingi wubutaka urashobora kurwanya umutwaro hamwe. Kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kuzamura imbaraga rusange muri kaburimbo.

4. Amazi adafite amazi na anti-seepage
Mubice byinshi byuburyo bwumuhanda bitumen pavement, byibuze igipande kimwe kigomba kuba I-bwoko bwa bitumen beto ivanze. Ariko ibi ntibihagije, kuko usibye ibintu byashushanyijemo, iyubakwa rya beto ya asifalti nayo yibasiwe nibintu bitandukanye nkubwiza bwa bitumen, ibikoresho byamabuye, ibikoresho byamabuye ibisobanuro hamwe nigipimo, igipimo cya asfalt, kuvanga no gutunganya pave, ubushyuhe buzunguruka, nigihe cyo kuzunguruka. Ingaruka. Mu ntangiriro, ubwitonzi bugomba kuba bwiza cyane kandi amazi yinjira hafi ya zeru, ariko amazi yinjira akenshi aba menshi cyane kubera kunanirwa kwihuza runaka, bityo bikagira ingaruka kubushobozi bwo kurwanya-seepage ya kaburimbo ya bitumen. Ndetse bigira ingaruka no gutuza kwa bitumen ubwayo, ishingiro nubutaka bwubutaka. Kubwibyo, mugihe ubuso bwa bitumen buherereye ahantu hagwa imvura kandi icyuho kikaba kinini kandi amazi yinjira arakomeye, igice cyo kashe yo hepfo kigomba gushyirwaho kaburimbo munsi ya bitumen.

Gahunda yo kubaka ibinyabiziga bifunga kashe hamwe na kashe

Ihame ryakazi rya kashe ya kaburimbo ni ugukoresha ibikoresho byihariye byubwubatsi - - ibinyabiziga bya chip bifunga imashini kugirango utere bitumen yubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe n'amabuye asukuye kandi yumye hejuru yumuhanda hafi icyarimwe, kandi bitumen namabuye byuzuye muri a igihe gito. Bishyizwe hamwe, kandi ugahora ushimangira imbaraga munsi yumutwaro wo hanze.

Abacuruzi ba chip synchronous bashobora gukoresha ubwoko butandukanye bwa bitumen binders: Yoroheje bitumen yoroheje, polymer SBS yahinduye bitumen, emulised bitumen, polymer yahinduwe emulised bitumen, bitumen bitumen, nibindi. Kugeza ubu, inzira ikoreshwa cyane mubushinwa ni ugushyushya bitum bisanzwe bisanzwe 140 ° C cyangwa ubushyuhe SBS yahinduye bitum kugeza kuri 170 ° C, koresha ikwirakwizwa rya bitumen kugirango utere bitumen hejuru yubuso bukomeye cyangwa igice cyakomeye, hanyuma ukwirakwize hamwe. Igiteranyo ni amabuye ya hekimoni afite ubunini bwa 13.2 ~ 19mm. Igomba kuba ifite isuku, yumye, idafite ikirere n’umwanda, kandi ifite imiterere myiza. Ingano yamabuye yamenetse iri hagati ya 60% na 70% yubutaka bwa kaburimbo.
Ingano ya bitumen hamwe hamwe ni 1200kg · km-2 na 9m3 · km-2 ukurikije uburemere. Kubaka ukurikije iyi gahunda bisaba ubwitonzi buhanitse mu bwinshi bwo gutera imiti ya bitumen no gukwirakwiza hamwe, bityo imodoka ya bitumen macadam yabigize umwuga igomba gukoreshwa mu kubaka. Hejuru yubutaka bwa sima-itunganijwe neza ya macadam yatewe mumurongo, ingano yo gutera ni 1,2 ~ 2.0kg · km-2 ya bitumen ishyushye cyangwa SBS yahinduye bitumen, hanyuma igipande cya bitum yajanjaguwe hamwe na a Ingano imwe yingirakamaro ikwirakwijwe kuri yo. Ingano yubunini bwa kaburimbo na kaburimbo igomba guhuza ingano yubunini bwa beto ya asfalt yubatswe kumurongo utarimo amazi. Ahantu ho gukwirakwira ni 60-70% ya kaburimbo yuzuye, hanyuma igahagarara hamwe na reberi ipine inshuro 1-2 kugirango ikore. Intego yo gukwirakwiza amabuye afite ubunini buke ni ukurinda igipangu kitagira amazi kwangirika n’amapine y’imodoka zubaka nk'amakamyo y'ibikoresho hamwe n'inzira zikurura za bitumen mu gihe cyo kubaka, no gukumira bitum yahinduwe gushonga hejuru. ubushyuhe bwikirere hamwe nuruvange rwa asfalt. Gufata uruziga bizagira ingaruka kubwubatsi.
Mubyukuri, amabuye yajanjaguwe ntaho ahurira. Iyo ivangwa rya asfalt ryakozwe, uruvange rwubushyuhe bwo hejuru ruzinjira mu cyuho kiri hagati yamabuye yajanjaguwe, bigatuma firime ya bitumen yahinduwe ishyuha kandi ishonga. Nyuma yo kuzunguruka no guhuzagurika, ibuye ryashenjaguwe ryera rihinduka amabuye ya bitumen yinjijwe munsi yumurongo wububiko bwa bitumen kugirango ube hamwe nawo, hanyuma "urwego rukungahaye kuri peteroli" rufite hafi 1.5cm ruba munsi yububiko. urwego, rushobora gukina neza uruhare rwurwego rutagira amazi.

Ibintu bikeneye kwitabwaho mugihe cyo kubaka

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. uburebure bwa nozzle.
. Munsi yibi, igipimo cyo gukwirakwiza ibikoresho byamabuye na binder bigomba guhura.
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. urujijo rwo gukumira amabuye yamenaguwe Ubugari bwa Pave Ubugari.
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Inzira yo kubaka
(1) Kuzunguruka. Igice kitarimo amazi kimaze guterwa (kuminjagira) ntigishobora guhita kizunguruka, bitabaye ibyo bitumen yahinduwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bizakomeza kwizirika ku mapine yumuhanda wa kaburimbo hanyuma ugakuraho amabuye. Iyo ubushyuhe bwa SBS bwahinduwe bitumen bugabanuka kugera kuri 100 ° C, icyuma gikoresha umuhanda wa reberi gikoreshwa kugirango uhagarike umuvuduko wurugendo rumwe, kandi umuvuduko wo gutwara ni 5-8km · h-1, kuburyo amabuye akanda. muri bitumen yahinduwe kandi ihujwe neza.
(2) Kubungabunga. Nyuma yo gushyirwaho kashe, birabujijwe rwose ko ibinyabiziga byubaka feri gitunguranye bikahindukira. Umuhanda ugomba gufungwa, kandi nyuma yo kubaka SBS yahinduwe ya kashe ya bitumen ifitanye isano rya hafi no kubaka igorofa yo hasi, igice cyo hasi cya bitumen kigomba guhita cyubakwa, kandi igice cyo hasi gishobora gukingurwa gusa n’umuhanda nyuma yo hasi igorofa. Ku buso bwamazi adafite amazi atunganijwe neza na reberi yometse kuri reberi, isano iri hagati ya kaburimbo na bitumen irakomeye cyane, kandi ihindagurika (kugarura elastique) ya bitum yahinduwe ni nini, ishobora gutinda neza no kugabanya ibice byurwego rwibanze. hejuru yubuso ukina uruhare rwimitekerereze ikurura ibice byerekana.
(3) Kugenzura ubuziranenge ku rubuga. Igenzura rigaragara ryerekana ko bitumen ikwirakwizwa rya kashe ya bitumen igomba kuba nubwo idatemba kandi igipimo cyamavuta kikaba kinini; urwego rwa bitumen hamwe nigiteranyo cya kaburimbo imwe nini igomba gukwirakwizwa neza nta buremere buremereye cyangwa kumeneka. Kunyanyagiza amafaranga gutahurwa bigabanijwe muburyo bwo kumenya no gutahura ingingo imwe; iyambere igenzura igiteranyo cyo kuminjagira muri rusange igice cyubwubatsi, gipima amabuye na bitumen, ibara ahantu haterwa ukurikije uburebure nubugari bwigice cyo kuminjagira, hanyuma ikabara ingano yo kuminjagira igice cyubwubatsi. Igipimo rusange cyo gusaba; iheruka kugenzura igipimo cyihariye cyo gusaba no guhuza.
Mubyongeyeho, gutahura ingingo imwe ikoresha uburyo bwo gushyira isahani: ni ukuvuga, koresha kaseti y'icyuma kugirango upime ubuso bwa plaque kare (plaque enamel), kandi ubunyangamugayo ni 0.1cm2, hamwe na misa ya isahani ya kare ipimwa neza kuri 1g; hitamo hitamo ingingo yo gupima mugice gisanzwe cyo gutera, shyira ibyapa 3 kwadarato mubugari bwagutse, ariko bagomba kwirinda inzira yumuduga wikinyabiziga gifunga, intera iri hagati yicyapa 3 ni 3 ~ 5m, numubare wimigabane ya gupima ingingo hano igereranwa numwanya wa plaque yo hagati; ikamyo ikomatanya ikamyo yubatswe ikurikije umuvuduko usanzwe wo kubaka no gukwirakwiza; kura isahani ya kare yakiriye ingero, hanyuma usukemo bitumen na kaburimbo ahantu hatagaragara mugihe, upime uburemere bwa plaque kare, bitumen, na kaburimbo, neza na 1g; Kubara ubwinshi bwa bitumen na kaburimbo mu isahani ya kare; fata amabuye hamwe na tewers hamwe nibindi bikoresho, koga kandi ushonga bitum muri trichlorethylene, wumisha amabuye hanyuma uyipime, hanyuma ubare ubwinshi bwa kaburimbo na bitum mu isahani ya kare; Umubare wimyenda, ubare impuzandengo yikigereranyo cya 3 bigereranijwe.

Turabizi ko ibisubizo byikizamini byerekana ko tuzi ko ingano ya bitumen yatewe n’imodoka ya kashe ya kaburimbo ya syncronque ihagaze neza kuko idatewe n’umuvuduko wikinyabiziga. Ikamyo ya Sinoroader ikomatanya Ikidodo cyacu cyo kumenagura amabuye gikwirakwizwa gifite ibisabwa bikomeye kumuvuduko wikinyabiziga, bityo umushoferi asabwa gutwara umuvuduko uhoraho kumuvuduko runaka.