[1]. Intangiriro
Ugereranije nuburyo busanzwe bwo gushyushya nko gushyushya bitaziguye no gushyushya ibyuka, gushyushya amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe bifite ibyiza byo kuzigama ingufu, gushyushya kimwe, kugenzura ubushyuhe bukabije, umuvuduko muke, umutekano no korohereza. Kubwibyo, kuva mu myaka ya za 1980, ubushakashatsi nogukoresha amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe mugihugu cyanjye byateye imbere byihuse, kandi byakoreshejwe cyane muburyo butandukanye bwo gushyushya inganda zikora imiti, gutunganya peteroli, inganda za peteroli, fibre chimique, imyenda, inganda zoroheje, ibikoresho byubaka , metallurgie, ingano, amavuta no gutunganya ibiribwa nizindi nganda.
Iyi ngingo ivuga cyane cyane ku miterere, ingaruka, ingaruka ziterwa nigisubizo cyokunywa amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe mugihe cyo kuyakoresha.

[2]. Imiterere ya kokiya
Hariho ibintu bitatu byingenzi bivura imiti muburyo bwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe bwamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe: reaction ya okiside yumuriro, kumeneka yumuriro hamwe nubushyuhe bwa polymerisiyasi. Kokiya ikorwa nubushyuhe bwa okiside yumuriro hamwe nubushyuhe bwa polymerisiyasi.
Thermal polymerisation reaction ibaho iyo amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe ashyushye mugihe cya sisitemu yo gushyushya. Igisubizo kizabyara macromolecules itetse cyane nka hydrocarbone ya polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbone, colloids na asfaltene, bigenda byinjira buhoro buhoro hejuru yubushyuhe hamwe numuyoboro kugirango ube kokiya.
Ubushuhe bwa okiside yubushyuhe bubaho cyane cyane iyo amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe mumazi yagutse ya sisitemu yo gushyushya ifunguye ahura nikirere cyangwa akagira uruhare mukuzenguruka. Igisubizo kizabyara alcool nkeya cyangwa alukolo nyinshi, aldehydes, ketone, acide nibindi bigize aside, kandi bizakomeza kubyara ibintu byijimye nka colloide na asfaltene kugirango bibe kokiya; okiside yumuriro iterwa nuburyo budasanzwe. Nibimara kuba, bizihutisha gucana amashyanyarazi hamwe nubushyuhe bwa polymerisiyumu yubushyuhe, bigatuma ubukonje bwiyongera vuba, bigabanya uburyo bwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe, bigatera ubushyuhe bukabije hamwe nigitereko cy itanura. Ibintu bya acide byakozwe nabyo bizatera ibikoresho kwangirika no kumeneka.

[3]. Ingaruka zo kunywa
Kokiya itangwa namavuta yohereza ubushyuhe mugihe cyo kuyakoresha azakora urwego rwimikorere, bigatuma coefficient de transfert igabanuka, ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwiyongera, hamwe n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli byiyongera; kurundi ruhande, kubera ko ubushyuhe busabwa nuburyo bwo kubyaza umusaruro butahindutse, ubushyuhe bwurukuta rwamashyiga yubushyuhe buzamuka cyane, bigatuma umuyoboro witanura ucika kandi ugaturika, amaherezo ugatwikwa unyuze mu itanura, bigatuma itanura rishyuha kugeza fata umuriro hanyuma uturike, utera impanuka zikomeye nko gukomeretsa umuntu ku bikoresho ndetse nababikora. Mu myaka yashize, impanuka nkizo zabaye nyinshi.

[4]. Ibintu bigira ingaruka kuri kokiya
(1) Ubushyuhe bwo kohereza amavuta
Nyuma yo gusesengura uburyo bwo gukora kokiya yavuzwe haruguru, usanga ihinduka rya okiside hamwe nubushyuhe bwumuriro wamavuta yoherejwe nubushyuhe bifitanye isano rya bugufi nubwinshi bwa kokiya. Impanuka nyinshi zumuriro nigisasu ziterwa nubushyuhe buke bwumuriro hamwe na okiside ya peteroli yohereza amavuta, bitera kokiya ikomeye mugihe ikora.
(2) Gushushanya no gushiraho sisitemu yo gushyushya
Ibipimo bitandukanye bitangwa nubushakashatsi bwa sisitemu yo gushyushya no kumenya niba gushyira ibikoresho bifite ishingiro bigira ingaruka ku buryo butaziguye kuri kokiya yamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe.
Imiterere yo kwishyiriraho buri bikoresho iratandukanye, nayo izagira ingaruka kubuzima bwamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe. Gushyira ibikoresho bigomba kuba bifite ishingiro kandi birakenewe gukosorwa mugihe gikwiye kugirango wongere ubuzima bwamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe.
(3) Imikorere ya buri munsi no gufata neza sisitemu yo gushyushya
Abakozi batandukanye bafite imiterere itandukanye nkuburezi nurwego rwa tekiniki. Nubwo bakoresha ibikoresho bimwe byo gushyushya hamwe namavuta yohereza ubushyuhe, urwego rwo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwa sisitemu yubushyuhe nigipimo cyo gutemba ntabwo ari kimwe.
Ubushyuhe nikintu cyingenzi muburyo bwa okiside yumuriro hamwe nubushyuhe bwa polymerisiyasi ya peteroli yoherejwe. Mugihe ubushyuhe buzamutse, igipimo cyibisubizo byibi bitekerezo byombi biziyongera cyane, kandi na kokiya nayo iziyongera uko bikwiye.
Ukurikije amahame ajyanye namahame yubuhanga bwa chimique: uko umubare wa Reynolds wiyongera, igipimo cya kokisi kiratinda. Umubare wa Reynolds uringaniza nigipimo cyamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe. Kubwibyo, uko umuvuduko mwinshi wamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe, buhoro buhoro kokiya.

[5]. Ibisubizo kuri kokiya
Kugirango bidindiza ishingwa rya kokiya no kongera igihe cya serivisi yamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe, hagomba gufatwa ingamba zikurikira:
:
Amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe agabanijwemo ibirango ukurikije ubushyuhe bwo gukoresha. Muri byo, amavuta yoherezwa mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro arimo ahanini ibirango bitatu: L-QB280, L-QB300 na L-QC320, kandi ubushyuhe bwabo bwo gukoresha ni 280 ℃, 300 ℃ na 320 ℃.
Amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe bwikirango cyiza kandi cyiza cyujuje SH / T 0677-1999 "Heat Transfer Fluid" igomba guhitamo ukurikije ubushyuhe bwubushyuhe bwa sisitemu yo gushyushya. Kugeza ubu, icyifuzo cyo gukoresha ubushyuhe bwamavuta yoherezwa mubucuruzi aratandukanye cyane nibisubizo nyabyo byo gupima, biyobya abakoresha kandi impanuka z'umutekano zibaho rimwe na rimwe. Igomba gukurura ibitekerezo byabakoresha benshi!
Amavuta yo guhererekanya ubushyuhe agomba gukorwa mumavuta yibanze yatunganijwe hamwe nubushyuhe buhebuje bwumuriro hamwe na antioxydants yubushyuhe bwo hejuru hamwe ninyongeramusaruro. Antioxydants yubushyuhe bwo hejuru irashobora gutinza neza okiside no kubyimba amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe mugihe ikora; ubushyuhe bwo hejuru burwanya anti-scaling burashobora gushonga kokiya mu miyoboro y’itanura no mu miyoboro, kuyisasa mu mavuta yohereza ubushyuhe, no kuyungurura unyuze muyungurura ya sisitemu kugira ngo itanura ry’itanura n’imiyoboro bisukure. Nyuma ya buri mezi atatu cyangwa amezi atandatu yo gukoresha, viscosity, flash point, agaciro ka aside hamwe n ibisigara bya karubone yamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe bigomba gukurikiranwa no gusesengurwa. Iyo bibiri mubipimo birenze imipaka yagenwe (ibisigisigi bya karubone bitarenze 1.5%, agaciro ka aside ntikurenga 0.5mgKOH / g, igipimo cyo guhindura flash ntikirenza 20%, igipimo cyimihindagurikire yimitsi itarenze 15%), bigomba gutekerezwa kongeramo amavuta mashya cyangwa gusimbuza amavuta yose.
(2) Igishushanyo mbonera no gushyiraho sisitemu yo gushyushya
Igishushanyo nogushiraho uburyo bwo gushyushya amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe bugomba gukurikiza byimazeyo amabwiriza yo gushushanya itanura ryamavuta ashyushye yashyizweho ninzego zibishinzwe kugirango imikorere yubushyuhe ikore neza.
(3) Hindura imikorere ya buri munsi ya sisitemu yo gushyushya
Imikorere ya buri munsi ya sisitemu yo gushyushya amavuta yubushyuhe igomba gukurikiza byimazeyo amabwiriza yumutekano nubugenzuzi bwa tekiniki y’itanura ry’amashyanyarazi yashyizweho n’inzego zibishinzwe, ikanagenzura ihinduka ry’ibipimo nk’ubushyuhe n’igipimo cy’amavuta y’ubushyuhe mu gushyushya Sisitemu igihe icyo ari cyo cyose.
Mugukoresha nyabyo, impuzandengo yubushyuhe bwo gusohoka mu itanura rishyushya igomba kuba byibura 20 ℃ munsi yubushyuhe bwo gukora bwamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe.
Ubushyuhe bwamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe mukigega cyo kwagura sisitemu ifunguye igomba kuba munsi ya 60 and, kandi ubushyuhe ntibugomba kurenga 180 ℃.
Igipimo cyamavuta yo kohereza ubushyuhe mu itanura ryamavuta ashyushye ntigomba kuba munsi ya 2,5 m / s kugirango yongere imivurungano yamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe, igabanye ubunini bwurwego rwo hasi ruhagaze murwego rwo guhererekanya ubushyuhe kandi ubushyuhe bwa convective bwohereza ubushyuhe bwumuriro, kandi butezimbere coefficente yubushyuhe bwa convective kugirango ugere ku ntego yo kongera ubushyuhe bwamazi.
(4) Isuku rya sisitemu yo gushyushya
Ubushuhe bwa okiside nubushuhe bwa polymerisiyasi yabanje gukora polymerized ibintu byinshi bya karubone yibintu bifatanye nurukuta rwumuyoboro. Ibintu nkibi birashobora gukurwaho no gusukura imiti.
Ibintu byinshi bya karubone bifite viscous byongeye gukora ububiko bwuzuye butuzuye. Isuku yimiti ifite akamaro gusa kubice bitarimo karubone. Kokiya ishushanyije yuzuye irashirwaho. Isuku yimiti ntikiri igisubizo cyubwoko bwibintu. Isuku yimashini ikoreshwa cyane mumahanga. Igomba kugenzurwa kenshi mugihe cyo kuyikoresha. Iyo ibintu byakozwe na karubone nyinshi cyane bitarimo karubone, abayikoresha barashobora kugura ibikoresho byoza imiti kugirango basukure.

[6]. Umwanzuro
1. Kokiya yamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe mugihe cyo guhererekanya ubushyuhe biva mubisubizo bya reaction ya okiside yumuriro hamwe na polymerisiyasi yumuriro.
2. Kokiya yamavuta yohereza ubushyuhe bizatera coefficente yubushyuhe bwa sisitemu yo gushyushya kugabanuka, ubushyuhe bwumuriro bwiyongera, hamwe n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli byiyongera. Mugihe gikomeye, bizatera impanuka nkumuriro, guturika no gukomeretsa umuntu ku giti cye mu ziko rishyushya.
3. Kugirango bidindiza ishingwa rya kokiya, amavuta yohereza ubushyuhe yateguwe hamwe namavuta yibanze yatunganijwe hamwe nubushyuhe buhebuje bwumuriro hamwe nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo kurwanya okiside hamwe ninyongeramusaruro. Kubakoresha, ibicuruzwa bifite ubushyuhe bugenwa nubuyobozi bigomba guhitamo.
4. Sisitemu yo gushyushya igomba kuba yarateguwe kandi igashyirwaho, kandi imikorere ya buri munsi ya sisitemu yo gushyushya igomba kuba isanzwe mugihe ikoreshwa. Ubukonje, flash point, agaciro ka aside hamwe na karubone isigaye ya peteroli yohereza ubushyuhe ikora igomba gupimwa buri gihe kugirango irebe uko ihinduka.
5. Ibikoresho byogusukura imiti birashobora gukoreshwa mugusukura kokiya itarimo karubone muri sisitemu yo gushyushya.