Asfalt ni uruvange rwijimye-rwijimye ruvanze rugizwe na hydrocarbone yuburemere butandukanye bwa molekile hamwe nibikomoka kubutare. Nubwoko bwamazi menshi-yijimye. Ifite amazi, ifite ubuso bwirabura, kandi irashonga muri karubone disulfide. Imikoreshereze ya asfalt: Ibyingenzi bikoreshwa ni ibikoresho remezo, ibikoresho fatizo na lisansi. Ahantu hasabwa harimo ubwikorezi (imihanda, gari ya moshi, indege, nibindi), ubwubatsi, ubuhinzi, imishinga yo kubungabunga amazi, inganda (gukuramo inganda, inganda), imikoreshereze yabaturage, nibindi ishami.
Ubwoko bwa asfalt:
1. Ikara ryamakara, ikara ryamakara nigicuruzwa cya kokiya, ni ukuvuga ibintu byirabura bisigaye mu isafuriya ya distillation nyuma yo kuyitobora. Iratandukanye gusa nigitunguru gitunganijwe mumiterere yumubiri, kandi ntamupaka ugaragara. Uburyo rusange bwo gutondekanya ni uguteganya ko abafite ingingo yoroshye munsi ya 26.7 ° C (uburyo bwa cubic) ari tar, naho hejuru ya 26.7 ° C ni asfalt. Ikara ry'amakara ririmo cyane cyane anthracene yanga, phenanthrene, pyrene, nibindi. Ibi bintu ni uburozi, kandi bitewe nibintu bitandukanye bigize ibyo bice, imiterere yikibanza cyamakara nayo iratandukanye. Imihindagurikire yubushyuhe igira ingaruka zikomeye kumatara yamakara. Bikunda kuba ubukonje mu gihe cy'itumba no koroshya icyi. Ifite impumuro idasanzwe iyo ishyushye; nyuma yamasaha 5 yo gushyushya kugeza kuri 260 ° C, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene nibindi bice birimo birimo bizahinduka.
2. Asifalt ya peteroli. Asifalt ya peteroli nigisigara nyuma yo gutandukanya amavuta ya peteroli. Ukurikije urwego rwo gutunganya, ihinduka amazi, igice-gikomeye cyangwa gikomeye mubushyuhe bwicyumba. Asifalt ya peteroli ni umukara kandi irabagirana kandi ifite ubushyuhe bukabije. Kubera ko yatandukanijwe n'ubushyuhe buri hejuru ya 400 ° C mugihe cyo kubyara umusaruro, irimo ibintu bike cyane bihindagurika, ariko hashobora kubaho hydrocarbone ya molekile nyinshi itigeze ihindagurika, kandi ibyo bintu byangiza cyangwa bike byangiza ubuzima bwabantu.
3. Asfalt. Asfalt isanzwe ibikwa mu nsi, kandi bimwe bigira imyunyu ngugu cyangwa ikusanyiriza hejuru yubutaka bwisi. Ibyinshi muri iyi asfalt byatewe no guhumeka bisanzwe hamwe na okiside, kandi muri rusange ntabwo birimo uburozi. Ibikoresho bya asfalt bigabanijwemo ibyiciro bibiri: asfalt yubutaka na tar asifalt. Asfalt y'ubutaka igabanijwemo asifalt karemano na peteroli ya peteroli. Asfalt karemano nigisigara nyuma yigihe kirekire cyo guhumeka no guhumeka amavuta yinjira mubutaka; peteroli asifalt nigicuruzwa cyabonetse mugutunganya amavuta asigaye asigaye muri peteroli yatunganijwe kandi yatunganijwe binyuze muburyo bukwiye. . Ikibanza cyimyanda nigicuruzwa cyongeye gusubirwamo kiboneka muri karubone yamakara, ibiti nibindi bintu kama.
Umubare munini wa asfalt ukoreshwa mubwubatsi ni peteroli ya peteroli, ikaba ari uruvange rwa hydrocarbone igoye hamwe n’ibikomoka ku butare. Mubisanzwe flash point ya asfalt iri hagati ya 240 ℃ ~ 330 ℃, naho aho gutwika ni nka 3 ℃ ~ 6 ℃ hejuru ya flash point, bityo ubushyuhe bwubwubatsi bugomba kugenzurwa munsi ya flash point.
