Asphalt musanganiswa wakasvibira-ruvara wakaoma unoumbwa nemahydrocarbons ehuremu hwemamorekuru akasiyana uye neawo asiri esimbi. Imhando yepamusoro-viscosity organic liquid. Iyo imvura, ine pamusoro dema, uye inonyungudika mucarbon disulfide. Kushandiswa kweasphalt: Iyo inonyanya kushandiswa ndeyezvivakwa zvezvivakwa, mbishi zvinhu uye mafuta. Nzvimbo dzayo dzekushandisa dzinosanganisira zvekufambisa (migwagwa, njanji, ndege, nezvimwewo), kuvaka, kurima, mapurojekiti ekuchengetedza mvura, indasitiri (indasitiri yekuchera, kugadzira), kushandiswa kwevanhu, nezvimwe.
Mhando dzeasphalt:
1. Coal tar pitch, coal tar pitch is a by-product of coking, kureva kuti, chinhu chitema chinosara muketero yedistillation mushure mekunatswa kwetara. Yakangosiyana chete netara yakanatswa muzvinhu zvenyama, uye hapana muganhu wakajeka. Mutoo wekuti munhu wese aite zvekupfava ari pasi pe26.7°C (cubic method) itara, uye ari pamusoro pe26.7°C asphalt. Coal tar pitch inonyanya kuve nerefractory anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, etc. Zvinhu izvi zvine chepfu, uye nekuda kwezvakasiyana zviri mukati mezvikamu izvi, maitiro emarasha tara anosiyana zvakare. Shanduko dzetembiricha dzine simba guru patara yemarasha. Inowanzoita brittleness munguva yechando uye kupfava muzhizha. Iine kunhuwa kunokosha kana ichipisa; mushure memaawa mashanu ekupisa kusvika ku260 ° C, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene uye zvimwe zvikamu zviri mairi zvichaputika.
2. Petroleum asphalt. Petroleum asphalt ndiyo inosara mushure mekudzikiswa kwemafuta asina kukora. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekunatsa, inova mvura, semi-yakasimba kana yakasimba pakupisa kwekamuri. Petroleum asphalt itema uye inopenya uye ine tembiricha inonzwa. Sezvo yakanyungudutswa kusvika kune tembiricha inopfuura 400 ° C panguva yekugadzira, ine zvishoma zvishoma zvinoputika zvikamu, asi panogona kunge paine akakwira molecular hydrocarbons asina kuvharwa, uye zvinhu izvi zvakanyanya kana kushoma kukuvadza hutano hwevanhu.
3. Natural asphalt. Natural asphalt inochengetwa pasi pevhu, uye mamwe anoita mamineral deposits kana kuungana pamusoro pevhu. Yakawanda yeasphalt iyi yakambobuda evaporation uye oxidation, uye kazhinji haina chero chepfu. Asphalt zvinhu zvakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: pasi asphalt uye tar asphalt. Ground asphalt yakakamurwa kuita asphalt chaiyo uye petroleum asphalt. Natural asphalt ndiyo inosara mushure mekuratidzwa kwenguva refu uye evaporation yemafuta ari kubuda kubva pasi; petroleum asphalt ndicho chigadzirwa chinowanikwa nekurapa mafuta akasara akasara kubva kune yakacheneswa uye yakagadziriswa peturu kuburikidza nemaitiro akakodzera. . Tar pitch chigadzirwa chakadzokororwa chetara chinowanikwa kubva kucarbonization yemarasha, huni uye imwe organic zvinhu.
Iyo yakawanda yakawanda yeasphalt inoshandiswa muinjiniya ndeye petroleum asphalt, inova musanganiswa wemahydrocarbons akaomarara uye ayo asiri-metallic zvinobva. Kazhinji iyo flash point yeasphalt iri pakati pe240 ℃ ~ 330 ℃, uye nzvimbo yekubatidza inenge 3 ℃ ~ 6 ℃ yakakwirira kupfuura iyo flash point, saka tembiricha yekuvaka inofanirwa kudzorwa pazasi penzvimbo yekupenya.
