Sesimba rehupfumi riri kukurumidza kusimukira, China yakachengetedza budiriro yepamusoro mukuvaka zvivakwa. Seimwe yenzira huru dzekubatanidza nzvimbo dzemumaguta nemaruwa uye kubatanidza matunhu emukati nekunze, kufambiswa kwemigwagwa mumigwagwa kwaitawo kufambira mberi kukuru mumakumi emakore achangopfuura.
Kubva munaGunyana 2022, China yakazara mileage yemugwagwa yasvika makiromita 5.28 miriyoni, iyo mileage yemigwagwa inodarika 170,000 makiromita, zvichiita kuti ive imwe yenyika dzine hurefu hwakareba hwemamita emigwagwa pasi rose.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuvandudzwa kwemigwagwa yeChina zvakare kune zvakawanda zvakakosha, senge mugwagwa mukuru wepamusoro-soro uye bhiriji rakakura kwazvo repasirese. Zvinogona kutaurwa kuti kufambiswa kwemigwagwa yeChina kwave chikamu chakakosha zvikuru chekuvaka zvivakwa zvepasirese, zvichiita basa rakakosha mukusimudzira budiriro yehupfumi uye kufambisa kufamba kwevanhu.
Asi wawana dambudziko here? Pane zvinhu zviviri zvekugadzira mugwagwa, saka iri simende kana asphalt. Sei migwagwa yese yeasphalt isingashandiswe?
Nhasi tichakurukura kana zviri nani kushandisa simende kana asphalt pakugadzira migwagwa.

Cement VS Asphalt
Cement road uye asphalt mugwagwa zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana zvekuvaka migwagwa. Cement Road inonyanya kuumbwa nesamende, jecha, matombo uye zvimwe zvinhu, nepo asphalt mugwagwa unonyanya kuumbwa neasphalt, mineral powder, gravel nezvimwe zvinhu. Ngatitaurei nezve zvakanakira simende mugwagwa uye asphalt mugwagwa zvakateerana.

Hupenyu hurefu
Migwagwa yesimende yakaoma kudarika asphalt road. Ukobvu hwemigwagwa yesimende inowanzopfuura 20 cm. Nekuda kwekugadzikana kwayo kwechimiro uye kugona kutsungirira kumanikidzwa kwemotokari dzinorema, inowanzo shandiswa munzvimbo dzakadai semigwagwa mikuru uye nhandare dzendege dzinoda kusimba uye kugadzikana.
Zvichirevesa, ukobvu hweasphalt pavement hunosvika masendimita mashanu chete, saka kazhinji hunokodzera chete zviitiko zvetraffic zvakapfava semigwagwa yemudhorobha.
Panyaya yehupenyu, migwagwa yesimende zvakare iri nani zvishoma. Kazhinji, hupenyu hwebasa resimende pavement hunogona kusvika makore anopfuura makumi matatu, nepo hupenyu hwebasa reasphalt pavement hungori makore gumi-15.
Izvi zvinodaro nekuti makemikari eSimenti akanyanya kugadzikana kupfuura asphalt, uye ayo antioxidant maitiro ane simba. Inogona kuchengetedza kuoma kwayo uye kugadzikana kwenguva yakareba uye haisi nyore kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakatipoteredza zvakadai sezuva nemvura.

Kukuvadza kwezvakatipoteredza
Kubva padanho rekugadzira rekuona, kugadzirwa kwemigwagwa yesimende kunoda simba rakawanda rekushandisa uye zvakare kuburitsa imwe kabhoni dhaidhirosi emissions. Kugadzirwa kweasphalt pavement kunogona kuchengetedza rimwe simba uye kuburitsa zvishoma kabhoni dhaikisaidhi. Naizvozvo, maererano nemaitiro ekugadzira, migwagwa yesamende inogona kunge ichinyanya kukanganisa nharaunda.
Asi kubva padanho rekushandisa, ese migwagwa simende uye asphalt migwagwa inokonzeresa kumwe kukuvadza kune nharaunda. Asphalt pavement inoita kupfava mumamiriro ekunze ekupisa uye inoburitsa zvinhu zvinoshanduka, izvo zvine imwe mhedzisiro yakaipa pamhando yemhepo. Concrete pavement haina kugadzikana uye haibudisi zvinhu zvinoputika zvakafanana. Zvisinei, pamusoro penzira yesamende yakaoma, uye apo motokari dzinotyaira pairi, inobudisa imwe kusvibiswa kweruzha. Panguva imwecheteyo, simende pavement ichawedzerawo njodzi yenjodzi dzemotokari.

Mutengo
Pamari yekuvaka, migwagwa yesimende inowanzodhura kupfuura asphalt road. Migwagwa yesimende inoda zvimwe zvinhu uye maitiro ekuvaka akaomarara, saka mutengo wavo wekuvaka wakakwirisa kupfuura asphalt migwagwa. Panguva imwe cheteyo, migwagwa yesimende inotora nguva yakareba kugadzirwa, izvo zvichawedzerawo mari yekuvaka.
Panyaya yekugadziriswa mushure mekugadzirisa, migwagwa yesimende inoda mari yakawanda yekugadzirisa nekuda kwekuoma kwayo uye kugadzikana. Semuyenzaniso, kana paine makatsemuka kana makomba mumugwagwa simende, mutengo wekugadzirisa uchave wakanyanya. Migwagwa yeasphalt yakadzikira mumitengo yekugadziridza nekuti inogona kugadziriswa nekuisa rutsva rweasphalt.
Nekudaro, zvinofanirwa kucherechedzwa kuti kunyangwe migwagwa yeasphalt ichinyanya hupfumi maererano nemitengo yekuvaka uye mushure mekugadzirisa mari, hupenyu hwavo hwesevhisi hupfupi uye vanoda kugara vachigadzirisa nekutsiviwa, uye mari idzi dzinodawo kutariswa. .

Safety
Ngatitangei ne friction coefficient yemugwagwa. Migwagwa yesemende uye migwagwa yeasphalt ine kukweshana kwakanaka uye inogona kupa zvinobudirira kudhonza uye braking simba kana mota dzichityaira.
Nekudaro, asphalt pavement ine elasticity yakanaka uye viscosity, saka kana uchityaira munzira inonaya kana inotsvedza, friction coefficient yeasphalt pavement yakakwira zvakati wandei, uye zviri nyore kupa kugadzikana kwemugwagwa, nekudaro kuderedza njodzi yekutsvedza kwemotokari kana kurasikirwa kwekudzora. .
Chechipiri, kubva pamaonero emugwagwa wepamusoro flatness, simende pavement yakaoma uye yakapfava, iyo inogona kumira zvirinani kukanganiswa uye vibration inogadzirwa nekutyaira mota uye inopa yakagadzikana nharaunda yekutyaira.
Asphalt pavement yakapfava, ine imwe dhigirii yekuchinja uye kukwira nekudzika, izvo zvinogona kukonzera mabhambu kana mota ichityaira, kuwedzera kuoma uye kuneta kwemutyairi, uye kuderedza kutyaira kwekuchengetedza.
Chechitatu, maererano nekusimba kwepavement, simende pavement ine simba, yakagadzikana, ine hupenyu hurefu hwebasa, uye haisi nyore kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvekunze zvakaita semamiriro ekunze uye tembiricha.
Chechina, asphalt pavement haina kusimba uye inokanganisika zviri nyore nemamiriro ekunze senge zuva uye kunaya kwemvura, zvichikonzera matambudziko akadai sekuchembera, kuputika, uye deformation, izvo zvinozokanganisa kuchengetedzwa kwekutyaira.
Nokuenzanisa, hazvina kuoma kuwana kuti migwagwa yesimende ine zvayakanakira uye migwagwa yeasphalt ine zvayakanakira. Nei migwagwa mikuru iri migwagwa yeasphalt, asi chiteshi chekubhadharisa inzira simende?

Highway paving
Ndezvipi zvakanakira zvinodiwa kugadzira migwagwa mumigwagwa mikuru?
Kuchengeteka, kuchengeteka, uye kuchengeteka.
Sezvatakangotaura, asphalt ine yakanaka adhesion uye elasticity, uye inogona kunamatira zvakanaka kune base mugwagwa kumusoro kuti igadzire yakasimba yekubatanidza chimiro, nekudaro ichivandudza kusimba uye kubereka kugona kwemugwagwa.
Mukuwedzera, asphalt inewo kushanda kwakanaka kwemvura, iyo inogona kunyatsodzivirira mvura inonaya kuti ipinde muchikamu chezasi chemugwagwa, kudzivirira matambudziko akadai sekunyorovesa nheyo uye kugadzirisa.
Uye zvakare, iyo yepamusoro flatness uye friction coefficient yeasphalt-yakavezwa migwagwa yakakwira, iyo inogona kupa zvirinani kutyaira kugadzikana uye kunyaradza, uye kunatsiridza kutyaira kuchengetedza.
Paunenge uchityaira mumigwagwa mikuru, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kukwanisa kubhureki. Ingani nyaya dzemumigwagwa dzine tsaona nekuda kwekutadza kubhureki. Zvechokwadi, kunze kwekuchengeteka, kune imwe bhenefiti iyo inonyanya kukosha, ndiko kuti, kudhura.
Kugadzira migwagwa kunoda mari, uye migwagwa mirefu inoda mari yakawanda. Kunyika yakaita senyika yangu ine nzvimbo yakakura kwazvo, kugadzira migwagwa kunotoda mari yakawanda. Saka kana tikasarudza zvinhu zvemumugwagwa, hatifanire kungosarudza zvinhu zvakachipa zvekugadzirisa, asiwo zvakachipa zvekugadzirisa. Kana ichienzaniswa nezvimwe zvekugadzira, asphalt ine mutengo wakaderera wekuvaka nekugadzirisa, izvo zvinogona kuunza hupfumi mukuvaka nekushanda kwemigwagwa. Naizvozvo, asphalt zvakare ndiyo yakanakisa sarudzo yemigwagwa mikuru. Sei matoll station achishandisa simende? Highway toll stations ndechimwe chezvivakwa zvakakosha mumigwagwa mikuru. Ivo vanoita basa mukutonga kuyerera kwetraffic uye kuunganidza ma toll. Nekudaro, unogona kunge uchida kuziva kuti sei migwagwa yepazviteshi zvekubhadharisa yakaitwa nesamende panzvimbo yeasphalt semigwagwa mikuru. Kusiyana neizvi, simende inonyanya kukodzera kugadzira migwagwa pazviteshi zvemitero. Chikonzero chekutanga ndechekuti kana ichienzaniswa neasphalt, simende yakasimba uye inokwanisa kumira kumanikidza kwenhamba huru yemotokari dzinopfuura. Izvi zvakanyanya kukosha munzvimbo dzakatenderedza zviteshi zvekubhadharisa, nekuti nzvimbo idzi dzinowanzoda kutakura mitoro inorema kubva kumarori nedzimwe mota dzinorema. Chechipiri, nekuda kwekusimba kwakasimba kwesimende, migwagwa yepazviteshi zvekubhadharisa haidi kugadzirwa nekugadziridzwa kakawanda semigwagwa yeasphalt. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hupenyu hwemugwagwa hwakareba uye yakawanda yekugadzirisa nekugadzirisa mari inogona kuchengetedzwa. Chekupedzisira, migwagwa yesimende ine hushamwari hwakatipoteredza kupfuura asphalt migwagwa. Munguva yekugadzirwa kweasphalt, huwandu hukuru hwemagasi anokuvadza uye tsvina inogadzirwa. Kugadzira simende kunoburitsa kabhoni dhaikisaidhi kushoma, uye kana migwagwa yesimende ichiputswa, simende inogona kudzokororwa yoshandiswazve, zvichideredza marara uye kukanganisa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Iye zvino iwe unoziva zvakanakira simende migwagwa pamusoro pemigwagwa yeasphalt.

Mhedziso
Muchidimbu, kuvakwa kwenzira huru yeChina kunoshandisa zvinhu zvakasiyana siyana, chimwe nechimwe chine mabhenefiti ayo akasiyana uye chiyero chekushandisa. Ingave asphalt, simende kana zvimwe zvinhu, chirongwa chekuvaka chakanakisa chinogona kusarudzwa zvinoenderana nezvikamu zvakasiyana zvemigwagwa uye mamiriro emigwagwa kuti ave nechokwadi chekuchengetedza uye kuvimbika kweiyo nzira huru.
Nekuvandudzwa kwehupfumi hweChina nekufambira mberi kwevanhu, kuvaka migwagwa mikuru kuchasangana nematambudziko mazhinji nemikana. Tinofanira kuenderera mberi nekuvandudza, kuvandudza kunaka kwemigwagwa mikuru, uye kusimudzira kukurumidza kusimudzira kwekufambisa. Tinotenda kuti nekuedza kwakabatana kwemapato ese, indasitiri yemigwagwa mikuru yemunyika yangu ichaunza mangwana ari nani.