[1]. Izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela umgangatho wemveliso yezityalo zokuxuba i-asphalt
1. Umlinganiselo womxube wekhonkrithi ye-asphalt awuchanekanga
Umxube womxube womxube we-asphalt uhamba kuyo yonke inkqubo yokwakhiwa kwendawo yendlela, ngoko ikhonkco lezenzululwazi phakathi komlinganiselo wokuxuba kunye nomlinganiselo womxube wemveliso udlala indima ebalulekileyo kwimveliso kunye nokwakhiwa. Umlinganiselo womxube wemveliso ongafanelekanga womxube we-asphalt uya kukhokelela kwi-asphalt ikhonkrithi engafanelekanga, echaphazela ubomi benkonzo ye-asphalt ye-concrete pavement kunye nolawulo lweendleko ze-asphalt eziphathekayo zepavement.
2. Ubushushu bokukhutshwa kwekhonkrithi ye-asphalt alizinzile
"IiNgcaciso zobuGcisa kwi-Highway Asphalt Pavement Construction" ichaza ngokucacileyo ukuba kwizityalo zokuxuba i-asphalt ngezikhathi ezithile, ubushushu bokufudumala kwe-asphalt kufuneka bulawuleke phakathi kwe-150-170 ° C, kwaye ubushushu be-aggregate kufuneka bube yi-10-10% ngaphezulu kobushushu be-asphalt. -20 ℃, ubushushu befektri yomxube ngokuqhelekileyo yi-140 ukuya kwi-165 ℃. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa alihambisani nomgangatho, iintyatyambo ziya kubonakala, kodwa ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-asphalt iya kutshisa, ichaphazela ngokunzulu umgangatho wendlela yokuhamba kunye ne-rolling.
3. Ukuxuba umxube
Ngaphambi kokuxuba izixhobo, imodeli yebhoyili kunye neeparitha kufuneka zihlolwe ngokungqongqo kwisixhobo sokuxuba kunye nezixhobo ezixhasayo ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iindawo eziguquguqukayo zikwimeko efanelekileyo yokusebenza. Ngelo xesha, izixhobo zokulinganisa kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba inani le-asphalt kunye nee-aggregates kumxube zihlangabezana neemfuno ze "Technical Specifications". Izixhobo zokuvelisa isityalo sokuxuba kufuneka zibekwe kwindawo ebanzi kunye neemeko zokuthutha ezifanelekileyo. Ngelo xesha, izixhobo zokukhusela amanzi okwethutyana, ukukhuselwa kwemvula, ukuthintela umlilo kunye nezinye iindlela zokukhusela kufuneka zilungiswe kwisiza. Emva kokuba umxube uxutywe ngokulinganayo, kufuneka ukuba zonke iinqununu zamaminerali zifakwe kwi-asphalt, kwaye akufanele kubekho ukugoqa okungalinganiyo, akukho mbandela omhlophe, akukho ngqungquthela okanye ukwahlukana. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ixesha lokuxuba umxube we-asphalt yi-5 kwimizuzwana ye-10 yokuxuba okomileyo kunye nemizuzwana engaphezu kwe-45 yokuxuba okumanzi, kwaye ixesha lokuxuba umxube we-SMA kufuneka lwandiswe ngokufanelekileyo. Ixesha lokuxuba lomxube alinakuncitshiswa nje ukwandisa imveliso.

[2]. Uhlalutyo lweziphoso eziqhelekileyo kwizityalo zokuxuba ikhonkrithi ye-asphalt
1. Uhlalutyo lokungaphumeleli kwesixhobo sokutyisa izinto ezibandayo
Nokuba ibhanti yesantya esiguquguqukayo okanye ibhanti lezinto ezibandayo libambeke phantsi kwento ethile, liya kuba nefuthe kukuvalwa kwebhanti eliguquguqukayo lesantya. Ukuba isiphaluka somhambisi webhanti eliguquguqukayo asiphumelelanga, uhlolo oluneenkcukacha lwe-frequency converter kufuneka lwenziwe ukubona ukuba luyakwazi na ukusebenza. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukuba akukho sekethi emfutshane, ibhanti lokuhambisa kufuneka lijongwe ukuba liyaphambuka okanye liyatyibilika. Ukuba yingxaki ngebhanti yokuhambisa, kufuneka ilungiswe ngokukhawuleza nangengqiqo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo komsebenzi.
2. Uhlalutyo lweengxaki zomxube
Iingxaki zomxube zibonakaliswa ikakhulu kwingxolo engaqhelekanga ngexesha lokwakha. Ngeli xesha, kufuneka siqale siqwalasele ukuba isibiyeli semoto asizinzanga ngenxa yokugcwala komxube. Kwenye imeko, kufuneka siqwalasele ukuba iibheringi ezidlala indima emiselweyo zinokonakala kusini na. Oku kufuna ukuba abasebenzi benze uhlolo olupheleleyo, balungise iibheringi, kwaye batshintshe iindawo zokuxuba ezonakalisiweyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuthintela umphezulu ongalinganiyo womxube.
3. Uhlalutyo lweengxaki zenzwa
Kukho iimeko ezimbini xa kukho iingxaki ngenzwa. Enye imeko xa ixabiso lokulayisha le-silo lingalunganga. Ngeli xesha, i-sensor kufuneka ihlolwe. Ukuba inzwa iyasilela, kufuneka itshintshwe ngexesha. Enye imeko kuxa umqadi ubambekile. Ukuba kukho ingxaki ngenzwa, kufuneka ndiwususe ngokukhawuleza umcimbi wangaphandle.
4. Isitshisi asinako ukuvutha nokutshisa ngokuqhelekileyo.
Ngengxaki yokuba i-incinerator ayikwazi ukuvutha ngokuqhelekileyo xa imveliso ishushu, umqhubi kufuneka amkele ezi ndlela zilandelayo zokusombulula ingxaki: ukuhlolwa okubanzi kwegumbi lokusebenza kunye nesixhobo ngasinye sokutshisa, njengokunikezelwa kwamandla ebhanti yokuhambisa, unikezelo lwamandla, i-roller, ifeni kunye namanye amacandelo Jonga ngokweenkcukacha, emva koko ujonge indawo yevalve yokutsha yefeni, khangela ubume bocango lomoya obandayo, ukuvulwa kunye nokuvala ubume bocango lwefeni, ubume begubu lokomisa. kunye nesimo soxinzelelo lwangaphakathi, nokuba isixhobo sikwimowudi ye-manual gear, kwaye zonke izikhombisi zifanelekile. Kwilizwe, faka inyathelo lesibini lokuhlola: khangela ukuba i-oyile yesiphaluka icacile, ingaba isixhobo sokutshisa siqhelekile, kwaye ingaba i-package high-voltage yonakaliswe. Ukuba ingxaki ayifumaneki, yiya kwisinyathelo sesithathu kwaye ususe i-electrode yokutshisa. Thatha isixhobo kwaye ujonge ukucoceka kwayo, kubandakanywa nokuba isekethe yeoli ivaliwe ngokungcola kweoli kunye nokuba kukho umgama osebenzayo phakathi kwe-electrodes. Ukuba ukukhangela oku ngasentla kuqhelekileyo, ngoko kufuneka uqhube uhlolo olunzulu lwemeko yokusebenza yempompo yamafutha. Khangela kwaye uvavanye ukuba uxinzelelo kwi-pomp port ludibana neemeko eziqhelekileyo.
5. Uhlalutyo lwentsebenzo yoxinzelelo olubi olungaqhelekanga
Imiba ephembelelayo kuxinzelelo lwangaphakathi lwesivuthela ikakhulu ibandakanya imiba emibini: isivutheli kunye nedrafti yedrafti fan. Xa i-blower ivelisa uxinzelelo olulungileyo kwigubu, idrafti enyanzelwayo iya kuvelisa uxinzelelo olubi kwi-drum, kwaye uxinzelelo olubi oluveliswayo alukwazi ukuba lukhulu kakhulu, kungenjalo uthuli luya kubhabha luphuma kumacala amane egubu kwaye luchaphazele indawo engqongileyo.
Xa uxinzelelo olubi lwenzeka kwisigubhu sokumisa, abasebenzi kufuneka benze le misebenzi ilandelayo: Ukuze unqume ukusebenza kwe-damper, i-air inlet yedrafti yedrafti fan kufuneka ihlolwe ngokungqongqo. Xa i-damper ingahambi, ungayiseta kwi-manual operation, ulungelelanise i-damper kwindawo ye-handwheel, khangela ukuba iqhuba ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye ukhuphe imeko yokuba ibambelele. Ukuba inokuvulwa ngesandla, landela la manyathelo Qhuba uphando oluneenkcukacha lweenkqubo ezifanelekileyo. Okwesibini, phantsi kwesiseko sokuba i-damper yedrafti yedrafti esetyenzisiweyo ingasetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo, abasebenzi kufuneka baqhube uhlolo olucacileyo lwebhodi ye-pulse, bajonge ukuba kukho nayiphi na imibuzo malunga ne-wiring yayo okanye i-electromagnetic switch, fumana unobangela wengozi. kwaye uyisombulule ngokwenzululwazi ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
6. Uhlalutyo lwe-oil-stone ratio engafanelekanga
Umlinganiselo we-whetstone ubhekiselele kumlinganiselo wobunzima be-asphalt kwisanti kunye nezinye izizalisi kwikhonkrithi ye-asphalt. Luphawu olubaluleke kakhulu lokulawula umgangatho wekhonkrithi ye-asphalt. Ukuba umlinganiselo weoli kwilitye mkhulu kakhulu, uya kubangela ukuba i-"oyile yekhekhe" ibonakale emva kokuhamba kunye nokuqengqeleka. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-oyile-stone ratio incinci kakhulu, izinto eziphathekayo ziya kuhlukana, okukhokelela ekungaphumelelini kokuqengqeleka. Zombini ezi meko ziingozi ezinzulu zomgangatho.
7. Uhlalutyo lwengxaki yesikrini
Ingxaki ephambili yesikrini kukuvela kwemingxuma kwisikrini, okuya kubangela ukuba i-aggregates ukusuka kwinqanaba langaphambili lingene kwi-silo yenqanaba elilandelayo. Umxube kufuneka uthathwe njengesampuli ukuze utsalwe kwaye uhlolwe. Ukuba i-whetstone yomxube inkulu kakhulu, i-oil cake phenomenon iya kwenzeka emva kokuhamba kunye nokuqengqeleka kwendlela. Ke ngoko, ukuba lonke ixesha lexesha okanye ukungaqhelekanga kwenzeka kwidatha yokutsalwa kunye neyokuhlola, kuya kufuneka ucinge ngokujonga isikrini.

[3]. Ukugcinwa kwesityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt concrete
1. Ukugcinwa kwamatanki
Itanki yesityalo se-asphalt sisixhobo esibalulekileyo sesityalo sokuxuba i-concrete kwaye sixhomekeke ekuguqweni okukhulu kunye nokukrazula. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iipleyiti ze-lining, iingalo ezixutywayo, ii-blades kunye nezitywina zomnyango wokugungqa kwi-asphalt yokuxuba kufuneka zitshintshwe kwaye zitshintshwe ngexesha ngokweemeko zokugqoka kunye nokukrazula, kwaye emva kokuxutywa kwekhonkrithi nganye, itanki kufuneka ihlanjululwe ngexesha lokucoca ukuxuba. isityalo. Ikhonkrithi eseleyo kwitanki kunye nekhonkrithi eqhotyoshelwe kumnyango wezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka ihlanjwe kakuhle ukukhusela ikhonkrithi kwitanki ekuqinisweni. Kwakhona jonga rhoqo ukuba ucango lwemathiriyeli luyavuleka kwaye luvaleke ngokulula ukunqanda ukuxinana kocango lwempahla. Xa ugcina itanki, ukunikezelwa kwamandla kufuneka kunqanyulwe, kwaye umntu ozinikeleyo kufuneka abelwe ukuba anakekele ngokucophelela. Ngaphambi kokuphakamisa nganye, qiniseka ukuba akukho zinto zangaphandle kwitanki, kwaye ugweme ukuqala injini ephambili ngomthwalo.
2. Ukugcinwa kwe-stroke limiter
I-limiters yesityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt ikhonkrithi ibandakanya umda ophezulu, umda ophantsi, umda wokukhawulela kunye ne-circuit breaker, njl. Ngexesha lomsebenzi, uvakalelo kunye nokuthembeka kokutshintshwa komda ngamnye kufuneka kuhlolwe ngokucophelela rhoqo. Umxholo wokuhlola ikakhulu ubandakanya ukuba ngaba iinqununu zesekethe yokulawula, amajoyina kunye neengcingo zikwimeko efanelekileyo, nokuba ngaba iisekethe ziqhelekileyo. Oku kuya kuba nefuthe ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo kwesityalo sokuxuba.

[4]. Umxube we-asphalt ukuxuba amanyathelo okulawula umgangatho
1. I-aggregate ye-coarse idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu kwikhonkrithi ye-asphalt. Ngokuqhelekileyo, igrabile enobukhulu obuyi-2.36 ukuya kwi-25mm ibizwa ngokuba yi-coarse aggregate. Isetyenziselwa ikakhulu kumgangatho wekhonkrithi ukuqinisa izinto zegranular, ukwandisa ukungqubana kwayo kunye nokunciphisa izinto ezichaphazelayo zokufuduka. Oku kufuna ukuba ukwakhiwa komatshini we-aggregate e-coarse inokuhambelana neemfuno zayo kwintsimi yeepropati zeekhemikhali, ukuze kufezekiswe injongo yobugcisa. iimfuno kwaye zineempawu ezithile zomzimba, ezifana nokusebenza komzimba okuphezulu, ubuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo kunye namandla anempembelelo. Emva kokuba i-aggregate edibeneyo ityunyuziwe, umphezulu kufuneka uhlale urhabaxa, kwaye ubume bomzimba kufuneka bube yityhubhu enemiphetho ecacileyo kunye neekona, apho umxholo wamasuntswana afana nenaliti kufuneka ugcinwe kwinqanaba eliphantsi, kwaye ukungqubuzana ngaphakathi ku omelele ngokwentelekiso. Amatye aqhekekileyo kunye nobukhulu bamasuntswana ukusuka malunga ne-0.075 ukuya kwi-2.36mm ngokudibeneyo abizwa ngokuba zii-aggregates ezintle, ezibandakanya i-slag kunye ne-mineral powder. Ezi ntlobo zimbini ze-fine aggregates zineemfuno ezingqongqo kakhulu zokucoca kwaye azivumelekanga ukuba zincanyathiselwe okanye zibambelele kuyo nantoni na. Kwizinto ezinobungozi, amandla okudibanisa phakathi kwamasuntswana kufuneka omelezwe ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye izithuba phakathi kwee-aggregates kufuneka zixinzelelwe ukwandisa uzinzo kunye namandla ezinto eziphathekayo.
2. Xa umxube uxutywe, ukuxuba kufuneka kuqhutywe ngokungqongqo ngokweqondo lokushisa lokwakha elichazwe kumxube we-asphalt. Ngaphambi kokuba kuqaliswe ukuxuba umxube yonke imihla, iqondo lokushisa kufuneka linyuswe ngokufanelekileyo nge-10 ° C ukuya kwi-20 ° C ngesiseko sobu bushushu. Ngale ndlela, ukuxuba i-asphalt Umgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo luncedo kakhulu. Enye indlela kukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo inani le-aggregate yokungena kwi-barrel yokumisa, ukwandisa ubushushu bomlilo, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba xa uqala ukuxuba, ubushushu bokufudumala be-coarse kunye ne-aggregates emihle kunye ne-asphalt iphezulu kancinane kunexabiso elichaziweyo. inokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ipani yokuxuba i-asphalt yekhonkrithi ukuba ingalahlwa.
3. Ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutywe umsebenzi wokwakha, ukuphononongwa kokuhlelwa kwamasuntswana adibeneyo kufuneka kuqala kwenziwe. Le nkqubo yokuhlaziya ibaluleke kakhulu kwaye ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wokwakha weprojekthi. Phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo, kudla ngokubakho umahluko omkhulu phakathi komlinganiselo wokoqobo kunye nomlinganiselo ekujoliswe kuwo. Ukuze wenze ngcono umlinganiselo wokwenyani uhambelane nomlinganiselo ojoliswe kuwo, kuyimfuneko ukwenza uhlengahlengiso olulungileyo ngokwesantya sokujikeleza kwemoto ye-hopper kunye nesantya sokutya. , ukuqinisekisa ngcono ukungaguquguquki kwaye ngaloo ndlela kuphunyezwe ngcono isiphumo esihambelanayo.
4. Ngexesha elifanayo, amandla okuhlola isikrini achaphazela ukusetwa kwesiqingatha kunye nomgangatho ophumayo kwinqanaba elithile. Kwimeko yamava angaphantsi, ukuba ufuna ukwenza umsebenzi olungileyo ekuhlolweni kwesikrini, kufuneka usete izantya ezahlukeneyo zemveliso. ukuzalisekisa. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuveliswa okuqhelekileyo kwe-geotextiles kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mpazamo enkulu ekuhleleni izinto zamaminerali, izinto zamaminerali kufuneka zilinganiswe ngokwemveliso elindelekileyo ngaphambi kokwakhiwa, kwaye iiparitha zokuvelisa kufuneka zilinganiswe kunye neeparitha ezimiselweyo. , ukwenzela ukuba ingatshintshi ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakha.
5. Ngesiseko sokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo komxube we-asphalt, kuyimfuneko ukuseta inani langempela lokusetyenziswa kwee-aggregates ezithile kunye nomgubo wamaminerali, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kuncitshiswe ngokufanelekileyo ubungakanani bokusetyenziswa komgubo wamaminerali; okwesibini, nikela ingqalelo ekungakwazini ukuyisebenzisa ngexesha lenkqubo yokwakhiwa kokuxuba. Guqula ubungakanani bedamper, kwaye unike abasebenzi abaqeqeshiweyo ukuba benze uhlolo rhoqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubukhulu be-asphalt inwebu iyahlangabezana neemfuno zokwakha, thintela umxube ekuboniseni umbala omhlophe, kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wokwakha.
6. Ixesha lokuxuba kunye nokushisa okuxutywayo komxube kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo. Ukufana komxube we-asphalt kunobudlelwane obusondeleyo kunye nobude bexesha lokuxuba. Ezi zimbini zihambelana ngokuthe ngqo, oko kukuthi, ixesha elide, liya kuba lifanayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ixesha alilawulwa kakuhle, i-asphalt iya kuguga, eya kuchaphazela umgangatho womxube. kuchaphazela kakubi umgangatho. Ngoko ke, iqondo lokushisa kufuneka lilawulwe ngokwesayensi ngexesha lokuxuba. Ixesha lokuxuba iplate nganye yesixhobo sokuxuba esiphakathi silawulwa phakathi kwemizuzwana ye-45-50, ngelixa ixesha lokuxuba elomileyo kufuneka libe lide kunemizuzwana ye-5-10, kuxhomekeke kwixesha lokuxuba umxube. Gxuma ngokulinganayo njengomgangatho.
Ngamafutshane, njengabasebenzi bezityalo zokuxuba kwixesha elitsha, kufuneka siqonde ngokupheleleyo ukubaluleka kokuqinisa umgangatho kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zokuxuba i-asphalt. Kuphela ngokulawula umgangatho wezityalo zokuxuba i-asphalt kakuhle sinokuqinisekisa ukuxutywa kwe-asphalt Kuphela ngokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso yezityalo ezixubeneyo singakwazi ukuvelisa imixube ye-asphalt esemgangathweni ophezulu kunye nokusebenza kakuhle, ukubeka isiseko esiqinileyo sokuphucula umgangatho weprojekthi.