[1] .Umxube we-asphalt oshushu wenziwa nge-aggregate, powder kunye ne-asphalt. Ukulawulwa kwezinto eziluhlaza kubandakanya indlela yokuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nemveliso ekhuselekileyo yezinto ezibonakalayo kuyo yonke imiba yokugcina, ukuthutha, ukulayishwa kunye nokukhulula, kunye nokuhlolwa.
1.1 Ulawulo kunye neesampuli zezinto ze-asphalt
1.1.1 Ulawulo lomgangatho wezinto ze-asphalt
(1) Izinto ze-asphalt kufuneka zikhatshwe sisiqinisekiso somgangatho womzi-mveliso wokuqala kunye nefomu yokuhlola umzi-mveliso xa ungena kumzi-mveliso wokuxuba i-asphalt.
(2) Ilabhoratri iya kuthatha iisampulu zebhetshi nganye ye-asphalt efika kwisiza ukujonga ukuba iyahlangabezana na neemfuno zenkcazo.
(3) Emva kwesampulu yebhubhoratri kunye nokupasa kokuhlolwa, isebe lezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka likhuphe ifom yokwamkelwa, ukurekhoda umthombo we-asphalt, ileyibhile, ubungakanani, umhla wokufika, inombolo ye-invoyisi, indawo yokugcina, umgangatho wokuhlola, kunye nendawo apho i-asphalt isetyenziselwa khona, njl.
(4) Emva kokuba ibhetshi nganye ye-asphalt ihlolwe, akukho ngaphantsi kwe-4kg yesampula yezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka igcinwe ukuze isetyenziswe.
1.1.2 Isampula yemathiriyeli ye-asphalt
(1) Isampuli yezinto ze-asphalt kufuneka ziqinisekise ukumelwa kweesampuli zezinto eziphathekayo. Iitanki ze-asphalt kufuneka zibe neevalvu zesampulu ezinikezelweyo kwaye isampulu akufuneki ithathwe phezulu kwitanki ye-asphalt. Ngaphambi kokuba kuthathwe iisampulu, iilitha ezi-1.5 ze-asphalt kufuneka zikhutshwe ukukhupha izinto ezingcolisayo kwiivalvu kunye nemibhobho.
(2) Isingxobo sesampulu kufuneka sicoceke kwaye some. Bhala izikhongozeli kakuhle.
1.2 Ukugcinwa, ukuthuthwa kunye nolawulo lweeaggregates
(1) Ii-aggregates kufuneka zipakishwe kwindawo eqinileyo, ecocekileyo. Indawo yokupakisha kufuneka ibe neendawo ezilungileyo zokungangeni manzi kunye nokukhupha amanzi. I-aggregates emihle kufuneka igqunywe ngelaphu le-awning, kwaye i-aggregates yenkcazo eyahlukeneyo kufuneka yahlulwe ngeendonga zokwahlula. Xa izinto zokupakisha nge-bulldozer, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ubukhulu boluhlu ngalunye akufanele budlule i-1.2m ubukhulu. Ukuphazamiseka kwii-aggregates kufuneka kuncitshiswe xa kupakishwe ngebulldozer, kwaye imfumba mayingatyhalelwa kwimilo yomkhombe kwinqwelomoya enye.
(2) Ibhetshi nganye yezinto ezingena kwisiza kufuneka ithathwe iisampulu kwaye ihlalutywe ngokuhambelana neenkcukacha zenkcazo, ukuhlelwa, isiqulatho sodaka, isiqulatho seflake yenaliti kunye nezinye iimpawu zeaggregate. Kuphela emva kokuba ibonakaliswe ukuba ifanelekile inokungeniswa kwindawo yokupakisha, kwaye ifom yokwamkelwa iya kukhutshwa. Zonke izibonakaliso zokuhlolwa komgangatho wezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zihambelane neenkcukacha kunye neemfuno zamaxwebhu omnini. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokwakha, iimpawu zokuhlelwa kwemfumba yezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka zihlolwe rhoqo kwaye zibekwe esweni utshintsho.
[2]. Ukwakhiwa kwe-aggregate, i-mineral powder kunye neenkqubo zokubonelela nge-asphalt
(1) Umsebenzisi wesilayishi kufuneka ajongane necala lengqumba apho izinto ezirhabaxa zingaqengqelekiyo xa zilayisha. Xa ulayisha, ibhakethi efakwe kwimfumba kufuneka ifakwe phezulu nge-boom, kwaye emva koko ibuyele umva. Musa ukusebenzisa Ukwemba ngokujikeleza ibhakethi kunciphisa ulwahlulo lwezinto.
(2) Kwiindawo apho ukwahlulwa kwezinto ezirhabaxa ezicacileyo kuye kwenzeka, kufuneka zixutywe kwakhona ngaphambi kokulayisha; Umsebenzisi womlayishi kufuneka asoloko egcina umgqomo ngamnye wezinto ezibandayo ugcwele ukuthintela ukuxubana ngexesha lokulayisha.
(3) Ukuhamba kwezinto ezibandayo kufuneka kuhlolwe rhoqo ukuze kuthintelwe ukunikezelwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kunye nokunyuka kwezinto eziphathekayo.
(4) Isantya sebhanti lokutya kufuneka sigcinwe kwisantya esiphakathi xa kulungelelaniswa nemveliso, kwaye uluhlu lohlengahlengiso lwesantya alufanele ludlule i-20 ukuya kwi-80% yesantya.
(5). Umgubo we-ore kufuneka uthintelwe ekufunxeni ukufuma kunye nokuhlangana. Ngesi sizathu, umoya ocinezelweyo osetyenziselwa ukwaphula i-arch kufuneka uhlukaniswe ngamanzi ngaphambi kokuba usetyenziswe. Umgubo okwisixhobo sokuhambisa umgubo wentsimbi kufuneka ugalelwe emva kokugqitywa kweprojekthi.
(6) Ngaphambi kokusebenza kwesixhobo sokuxuba, isithando somlilo esishushu kufuneka siqaliswe ukufudumeza i-asphalt kwitanki ye-asphalt kwiqondo lokushisa elichaziweyo, kwaye zonke iindawo zenkqubo yokubonelela nge-asphalt kufuneka zifudunyezwe. Xa uqalisa impompo ye-asphalt, i-valve yokungena kwe-oyile kufuneka ivalwe kwaye ivunyelwe ukuba ingasebenzi. Qala, emva koko uvule ngokucotha ivalve yokungena kwamafutha kwaye ulayishe ngokuthe chu. Ekupheleni komsebenzi, impompo ye-asphalt kufuneka ibuyiselwe umva imizuzu emininzi ukumpompa i-asphalt kumbhobho ibuyele kwitanki ye-asphalt.
[3]. Ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yokomisa kunye nokufudumeza
(1) Xa uqalisa umsebenzi, umgqomo wokomisa kufuneka uqaliswe ngokulawula ngesandla xa inkqubo yokubonelela ngezinto ezibandayo ivaliwe. Isitshisi kufuneka sitshiswe kwaye i-cylinder kufuneka ifudunyezwe ngomlilo omncinci kwimizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwe-10 ngaphambi kokulayisha. Xa ulayisha, isixa sesondlo kufuneka sinyuswe ngokuthe ngcembe. Ngokutsho kobushushu bezinto ezishushu kwi-port yokukhupha, umthamo we-oyile uyanda ngokuthe ngcembe de kube umthamo ochaziweyo wemveliso kunye neemeko ezizinzileyo zokushisa zifikelelwe ngaphambi kokutshintshela kwimodi yokulawula ngokuzenzekelayo.
(2) Xa inkqubo yezinto ezibandayo iyeka ngokukhawuleza ukondla okanye ezinye iingozi ezenzeka ngexesha lomsebenzi, isitshisi kufuneka sicinywe kuqala ukuze sivumele igubu ukuba liqhubeke lijikeleza. Umqhubi wedrafti owenziweyo kufuneka aqhubeke nokuzoba umoya, aze avale emva kokuba igubu lipholile ngokupheleleyo. Umatshini kufuneka uvalwe ngokuthe ngcembe ngendlela efanayo ekupheleni kosuku lomsebenzi.
(4) Ngalo lonke ixesha khangela ukuba ithemometha ye-infrared icocekile, sula uthuli, kwaye ugcine isakhono sokuva kakuhle.
5 Ngeli xesha, ulawulo lwezandla kufuneka lusetyenziswe kwaye umxholo wokufuma oseleyo wezinto ezishushu kufuneka uhlolwe. Ukuba iphezulu kakhulu, umthamo wemveliso kufuneka uncitshiswe.
6) Ubumanzi obushiyekileyo beaggregates ezishushu kufuneka bujongwe rhoqo, ngakumbi ngeentsuku zemvula. Isiqulatho sokufuma esishiyekileyo kufuneka silawulwe ngaphantsi kwe-0.1%.
(7) Iqondo lobushushu legesi yokuphuma kufuneka lingabi phezulu kakhulu okanye libe phantsi kakhulu. Ilawulwa ngokubanzi malunga ne-135 ~ 180 ℃. Ukuba ubushushu begesi yokukhupha buhlala buphezulu kwaye iqondo lokushisa elihlanganisiweyo liphakama ngokufanelekileyo, kuninzi ngenxa yobuninzi bomswakama obuphezulu bezinto ezibandayo. Umthamo wokuvelisa kufuneka uncitshiswe ngexesha.
(8) Umahluko woxinzelelo phakathi kwangaphakathi nangaphandle komqokeleli wothuli lwengxowa kufuneka ugcinwe kuluhlu oluthile. Ukuba ukuhlukana koxinzelelo kukhulu kakhulu, kuthetha ukuba isikhwama sivalwe kakhulu, kwaye isikhwama kufuneka siqhutywe kwaye sitshintshwe ngexesha.
[4]. Ukwakhiwa kokuhlolwa kwezinto ezishushu kunye nenkqubo yokugcina
(1) Inkqubo yokuhlola izinto ezishushu kufuneka ihlolwe rhoqo ukujonga ukuba igcwele kakhulu kwaye ingaba isikrini sivaliwe okanye sinemingxuma. Ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba ukuqokelela kwezinto kumphezulu wesikrini kuphezulu kakhulu, kufuneka kumiswe kwaye kulungiswe.
(2) Umyinge wokuxuba we-2 # yesele eshushu kufuneka ihlolwe ngamaxesha athile, kwaye izinga lokuxuba akufanele libe ngaphezu kwe-10%.
(3) Xa unikezelo lwenkqubo yezinto ezishushu alulungelelananga kwaye izinga lokuhamba komgqomo wezinto ezibandayo kufuneka litshintshwe, ngokuthe ngcembe lilungise. Unikezelo lwesondlo somgqomo othile akufanele lunyuswe ngokukhawuleza, kungenjalo ukuhlelwa kwe-aggregate kuya kuchaphazeleka kakhulu.
[5]. Ukwakhiwa kolawulo lokulinganisa kunye nenkqubo yokuxuba
(1) Idatha yokulinganisa yebhetshi nganye yomxube orekhodwe yikhompyuter yindlela enamandla yokujonga ukuba inkqubo yokulawula umlinganiselo isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo. Emva kokuba umatshini uvuliwe yonke imihla kwaye umsebenzi uzinzile, idatha yokulinganisa kufuneka ishicilelwe ngokuqhubekayo kwiiyure ze-2, kwaye iimpazamo zayo ezicwangcisiweyo kunye neempazamo ezingahleliwe kufuneka zihlalutywe. Ukuba kufunyaniswe ukuba iimfuno zigqithise iimfuno, umsebenzi wenkqubo kufuneka uhlolwe ngexesha, izizathu kufuneka zihlalutywe, kwaye kufuneka zipheliswe.
(2) Inkqubo yokuxuba akufanele iyeke ngexesha lokuxuba. Xa isixhobo sokuxuba siyeka ukusebenza ngelixa silinde ilori, umxube kwitanki yokuxuba kufuneka uchithe.
(3) Emva kokuba itanki yokuxuba igqityiwe yonke imihla, itanki yokuxuba kufuneka ihlanjwe ngezinto ezimbiwa ezitshisayo ukususa i-asphalt eseleyo kwi-tank yokuxuba. Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-coarse aggregate kunye ne-fine aggregate kufuneka isetyenziswe ukuhlamba amaxesha angama-1 ukuya kwe-2 nganye.
(4) Xa usebenzisa ihopper yokunyusela ukothula izinto ezixutyiweyo kwisili yemveliso egqityiweyo, ihopha kufuneka ibekwe embindini wesisele ukuze ikhuphe, kungenjalo kuya kwenzeka ukwahlulahlula okude emgqomeni, oko kukuthi, imathiriyeli erhabaxa iya kuqengqeleka. kwelinye icala lesisele.
5 ukusuka ekuweleni ngokuthe ngqo kwizinto eziphathekayo emva kokuba zonke izinto zichithwa. ulwahlulo kwindawo yokugcina impahla.
I-6) Xa ukhulula izinto ezivela kwi-silo yemveliso egqityiweyo kwilori, ilori ayivumelekanga ukuba ihambe ngelixa isothula kodwa kufuneka ikhutshwe kwiimfumba. Ngaphandle koko, ulwahlulo olunzima luya kwenzeka. Abaqhubi belori nabo abavumelekanga ukuba bongeze isixa esincinci semathiriyeli kwimfumba ukuze bafikelele kumthamo olinganisiweyo. yomxube.
(7) Xa ukhupha izinto ezivela kwindawo yokugcina imveliso egqityiweyo, umnyango wokukhutshwa kufuneka uvulwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye izinto ezixubileyo akufanele zivunyelwe ukuba ziphume ngokukhawuleza ukuze zigweme ukuhlukana.
(8) Xa kuthululwa izinto kwilori, akuvumelekanga ukuba kuthulwe kumbindi welori. Iimathiriyeli kufuneka zikhutshelwe ngaphambili kwindawo yelori, emva koko ziye ngasemva, emva koko zisiwe embindini.
[6]. Ukulawula ukuxuba umxube we-asphalt
(1) Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa umxube we-asphalt, izikhombisi ezifana ne-dosage kunye nokushisa okuxutywa kwe-asphalt kunye nezinto ezahlukeneyo zamaminerali zinokuprintwa ngokuchanekileyo ipleyiti ngepleyiti, kwaye ubunzima bomxube we-asphalt bunokuprintwa ngokuchanekileyo.
(2) Ukulawula ubushushu bokushisa kwe-asphalt. Ipompo ye-asphalt idibana nemigaqo yokupompa kunye ne-ejection efanayo kwaye inokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokufudumala kweqondo lokushisa lomgangatho ophantsi we-asphalt phakathi kwe-160 ° C kunye ne-170 ° C kunye nokushisa kokushisa kwe-aggregate yamaminerali phakathi kwe-170 ° C kunye ne-180 ° C.
3 Ixesha lokuxuba lilawulwa ukuba libe yimizuzwana emi-5 yokuxuba okomileyo kunye nemizuzwana ye-40 yokuxuba okumanzi (okufunwa ngumnini).
(4) Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa umxube, umqhubi unokubeka iliso kwidatha yesixhobo esahlukileyo nangaliphi na ixesha, ajonge imeko yokusebenza koomatshini abahlukeneyo kunye nefom yombala womxube wefektri, kwaye anxibelelane ngokukhawuleza nebhubhoratri kwaye enze uhlengahlengiso ukuba iimeko ezingaqhelekanga zifunyenwe. .
(5) Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuvelisa, umgangatho wezinto kunye nobushushu, umlinganiselo wokuxuba kunye nomlinganiselo we-whetstone womxube uya kuhlolwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nendlela echaziweyo, kwaye iirekhodi ziya kwenziwa ngokulandelelana.
[7]. Ukulawula ubushushu ngexesha lokwakhiwa komxube we-asphalt
Ukushisa kokulawula ukwakhiwa komxube we-asphalt njengoko kuboniswe kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
Igama lobushushu lenkqubo nganye Iimfuno zolawulo lobushushu kwinkqubo nganye
I-asphalt yokufudumeza iqondo lobushushu yi-160℃～170℃
Iqondo lobushushu leminerali yi-170℃～180℃
Ubushushu befektri yomxube buphakathi koluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwe-150℃～165℃.
Ubushushu bomxube othuthwayo ukuya kwindawo abuyi kuba ngaphantsi kwe-145℃
Iqondo lobushushu lokupakisha yi-135℃～165℃
Iqondo lobushushu eliqengqelekayo alikho ngaphantsi kwe-130 ℃
Ubushushu bomphezulu emva kokuqengqeleka abukho ngaphantsi kwe-90℃
Ubushushu bezithuthi ezivulekileyo alikho ngaphezulu kwe-50℃
[8]. Ukulayishwa kweelori zothutho kwindawo yokuxuba i-asphalt
Izithuthi ezithutha umxube we-asphalt zingaphezu kwe-15t, zihlangabezana neemfuno zokugquma kwe-thermal-tonnage enkulu, kwaye zigqunywe nge-tarpaulin insulation ngexesha lokuthutha. Ukuze uthintele i-asphalt ukuba ibambelele kwi-carriage, emva kokucoca iipaneli ezisezantsi kunye necala le-carriage, sebenzisa umxube omncinci womxube weoli ye-thermal kunye namanzi (ioli: amanzi = 1: 3) ngokulinganayo kwikhonkco yensimbi engenasici. kwaye ucoce amavili.
Xa ulayisha ilori yezinto eziphathekayo kwindawo yokukhupha, kufuneka ihambise indawo yokupaka ngasemva naphambili ngolandelelwano lwangaphambili, ngasemva naphakathi. Akufunekanga ifunjwe phezulu ukuze kuncitshiswe ulwahlulo olurhabaxa kunye neeaggregates ezicolekileyo. Emva kokuba imoto ilayishiwe kwaye iqondo lokushisa lilinganisiwe, umxube we-asphalt uhlanganiswe ngokukhawuleza nge-tarpaulin yokukhusela kwaye uhanjiswe kwindawo yokupakisha kakuhle.
Ngokusekwe kuhlalutyo lweendlela zokwakha kunye namanyathelo olawulo lwesikhululo sokuxuba i-asphalt ikhonkrithi, amanqaku aphambili kukulawula ngokungqongqo ukuxuba, ubushushu kunye nokulayishwa komxube we-asphalt, kunye nokuxutywa kunye nokuqengqeleka kobushushu bekhonkrithi ye-asphalt, ngaloo ndlela. ukuqinisekisa umgangatho kunye nophuculo lwenkqubo yokwakhiwa kohola wendlela iyonke.