1. Izilumkiso zokusetyenziswa kobugcisa bezixhobo zokuxuba i-asphalt
Imingcipheko yobuchwephesha ikakhulu ibhekisa kwimingcipheko enokuthi iziswe kwiprojekthi ngenxa yokungaqiniseki ekuthembekeni nasekusebenziseni itekhnoloji eyamkelwa yiprojekthi kunye nokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha. Itekhnoloji kunye nezixhobo ezikhethiweyo zikhulile kwaye zithembekile, kwaye izivumelwano zisayinwe kunye neenkampani ezibonelela ngeteknoloji kunye nezixhobo zokufezekisa ukudluliselwa komngcipheko.
2. Imiqathango yotyalo-mali lweprojekthi
Okwangoku, imarike yezixhobo zokuxuba i-asphalt yelizwe lam ikwixesha lokukhula, kwaye kukho inzuzo ethile kutyalo-mali, kodwa amalungiselelo ahambelanayo kufuneka enziwe ngaphambi kotyalo-mali:
(1). Yenza uphando lwangaphambili kwaye ungalandeli ngobumfama. Izixhobo zokuxuba i-asphalt zineemfuno eziphezulu zobugcisa kunye notyalo-mali lwezixhobo eziphezulu, ngoko ke kufuneka uphande ngononophelo.
(2). Isixhobo kufuneka sisetyenziswe kakuhle. Ukuba awuqhelananga nokusebenza kwezixhobo, kuya kubakho iingxaki ezininzi ngexesha lokusetyenziswa.
(3). Ukuthengiswa kwamatshaneli kufuneka kwenziwe kakuhle. Ukuba imveliso iyaveliswa kwaye akukho ntengiso, imveliso iya kuba yingxaki.
3. Amanyathelo okuthintela imveliso kunye nophuhliso
Xa uphuhlisa kwaye uvelisa izixhobo zokuxuba i-asphalt, umbane kunye nemiba yokubonelela ngombane kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo. Kulwakhiwo lwendlela ye-asphalt yasezidolophini, njengoko isikhululo sokuxuba i-asphalt silungisiwe, unikezelo lwamandla kunye nombane ubukhulu becala yamkela umbane oyintloko ngesisombululo se-transformer. Ngenxa yokushukuma okuphezulu kolwakhiwo, iinkampani zokwakha uhola wendlela zihlala zisebenzisa iiseti zejenereyitha yedizili njengobonelelo lwamandla. Ukukhetha isethi yejeneretha ye-diesel ayikwazi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zokwakhiwa kweselula kuphela, kodwa nokugcina iindleko zokuthenga kunye nokumisa i-transformers kunye nemigca kunye nokuhlawula umrhumo wokunyusa umthamo we-transformer. Indlela yokukhetha kunye nokusetyenziswa kweeseti ze-diesel generator ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo, okukhuselekileyo kunye noqoqosho kwezixhobo zokuxuba i-asphalt ngumba ekufuneka abatyali-mali bophuhliso bafunde ngokunzulu.
(1). Ukukhethwa kweeseti zejenereyitha yedizili
Isethi yejeneretha ye-diesel ithatha inqanaba lesithathu lenkqubo ye-wire yokubonelela umbane, ukubonelela ngee-voltages ezimbini ze-380 /220 kwiimfuno ezahlukeneyo.
Qikelela ukusetyenziswa kombane opheleleyo wesikhululo sokuxuba i-asphalt, khetha isethi ye-kVA ye-generator okanye i-transformer, ubale umlinganiselo oqikelelweyo xa uqwalasela amandla kunye nokukhanyisa ngexesha elifanayo, kwaye ukhethe iintambo. Xa kuthengwa izixhobo zokuxuba i-asphalt, ukusuka kwigumbi lokulawula eliphakathi ukuya kumgca wesixhobo sombane ngamnye ngumveliso weFactory ozikhethelayo. Iintambo ezivela kumandla ombane ukuya kwigumbi eliphakathi lokulawula zikhethwa yinkampani yokwakhiwa komgwaqo omkhulu ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zesayithi. Ubude bekhebula, oko kukuthi, umgama ukusuka kwijeneretha ukuya kwigumbi lokulawula eliphakathi, likhethwa ukuba libe ngamamitha angama-50. Ukuba umgca ude kakhulu, ilahleko iya kuba nkulu, kwaye ukuba umgca ufutshane kakhulu, ingxolo ye-generator kunye nokuphazamiseka kwe-electromagnetic kuya kuba yingozi ekusebenzeni kwegumbi lokulawula eliphakathi. Iintambo zingcwatywe kwiintambo zekhebula, ezifanelekileyo, ezikhuselekileyo nezithembekileyo.
(2). Ukusetyenziswa kweeseti zejenereyitha ye-diesel njengobonelelo lwamandla kwizikhululo zokuxuba i-asphalt
1) Ukunikezelwa kwamandla ukusuka kwisethi enye yejeneretha
Ngokomthamo wemveliso yesikhululo sokuxuba i-asphalt, ukusetyenziswa kombane kuqikelelwa kwaye imeko yeshishini lokwakhiwa komgwaqo omkhulu inokubonelelwa ngombane ngesethi ye-diesel generator. Esi sisombululo sifanelekile kwizityalo ezincinci zokuxuba i-asphalt ezifana nezixhobo eziqhubekayo zokuxuba i-asphalt kunye nomthamo wokuvelisa ongaphantsi kwe-40.
2) Iiseti ezininzi zeejeneretha zonikezelo lwamandla ngokwahlukeneyo
Ngokomzekelo, i-Xinhai Road Machine 1000 isixhobo sokuxuba i-asphalt inomthamo ofakiweyo we-240LB. Iseti yejenereyitha ye-diesel engama-200 isetyenziselwa ukuqhuba idrafti eyidrafti yefeni kunye nesixhobo esigqityiweyo se-trolley motor, kunye neseti yejeneretha yedizili isetyenziselwa ukuqhuba iimotor zezinye iindawo ezisebenzayo, ukukhanya kunye neemotor zokususa umgqomo we-asphalt. Inzuzo yesi sisombululo kukuba ilula kwaye iguquguqukayo kwaye ifanelekile kwisixhobo sokuxuba i-asphalt esiphakathi; into engalunganga kukuba umthwalo opheleleyo wejeneretha awukwazi ukulungiswa.
3) Iisethi ezimbini ze-diesel generator zisetyenziswa ngokufanayo
Isityalo esikhulu sokuxuba i-asphalt sisebenzisa iiseti ezimbini zejeneretha ngokuhambelanayo. Ekubeni umthwalo unokulungiswa, esi sisombululo sinoqoqosho, silula kwaye sinokuthenjwa. Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okubizwa ngokuba yi-3000-type ye-asphalt yokuxuba iplanti yi-785 MkW, kunye neeseti ezimbini ze-404 generator generator zisebenza ngokufanayo. Xa iiseti ezimbini zejeneretha zedizili ze-SZkW zisebenza ngaxeshanye ukubonelela umbane, kufuneka kuqwalaselwe ukusombulula ezi ngxaki zilandelayo:
(a) Iimeko ezihambelanayo kwiiseti ezimbini zejenereyitha ze-diesel: ukuphindaphinda kweejeneretha ezimbini ziyafana, i-voltage ye-generator ezimbini iyafana, ukulandelelana kwesigaba se-generator ezimbini ziyafana kwaye izigaba ziyahambelana.
(b) Indlela ehambelanayo nezibane ezicinyiweyo. Le ndlela ihambelanayo inezixhobo ezilula kunye nokusebenza okucacileyo kunye nokufanelekileyo.
(3). Izilumkiso zokukhetha kunye nokusetyenziswa kwejeneretha ye-diesel
I-1) Isikhululo sokuxuba i-asphalt kufuneka sixhotywe ngejeneretha ye-dizeli encinci ekhethekileyo ukubonelela ukukhutshwa kombhobho we-asphalt, ukufudumeza kwe-asphalt, i-heater yombane kunye nokukhanyisa xa isixhobo sokuxuba i-asphalt singasebenzi.
2). Ukuqala kwangoku kwemoto yi-4 ukuya kwi-7 yamaxesha angoku. Xa isixhobo sokuxuba i-asphalt siqala ukusebenza, i-motor enamandla amakhulu alinganisiweyo kufuneka iqalwe kuqala, njengohlobo lwe-3000 uhlobo lwe-185 lwedrafti yedrafti yemoto.
3) Xa ukhetha isethi yejeneretha ye-diesel, uhlobo lomqolo omde kufuneka lukhethwe. Oko kukuthi, iyakwazi ukubonelela ngamandla phantsi kwemithwalo eyahlukeneyo ngaphandle kokuxhobisa amandla orhwebo, kwaye ivumela ukugqithiswa kwe-10%. Xa isetyenziswe ngokufanayo, iimodeli zeejeneretha ezimbini kufuneka zihambelane kangangoko kunokwenzeka. I-injini ye-diesel yokulawula isantya kufuneka ibe ngumlawuli wesantya se-elektroniki, kunye nekhabhinethi ehambelanayo kufuneka ilungiswe ngokuhambelana nokubalwa kwangoku kwejeneretha.
I-4) Isiseko sesiseko se-generator kufuneka sibe nenqanaba kwaye siqine, kwaye igumbi lomatshini kufuneka libe nemvula kwaye lingene kakuhle ukuze ubushushu begumbi lomatshini lingadluli ubushushu obuvumelekileyo begumbi.
4. Imilinganiselo yokuthengisa
Ngokohlalutyo lwamanani, ukususela ngo-2008 ukuya ku-2009, amashishini okwakha oohola bendlela abakhulu naphakathi aguqulwa abe ngamashishini amancinci naphakathi. Inxalenye enkulu yabo ngabasebenzisi benkqubo kamasipala kunye namashishini okwakha ezothutho kuhola wedolophu afuna ukuphuculwa kwezixhobo. Ke ngoko, ukuthengisa kufuneka kuphuhlise izicwangciso zokuthengisa ezahlukeneyo zezakhiwo ezahlukeneyo zabasebenzisi.
Ukongeza, imfuno yezixhobo zokuxuba i-asphalt kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo yahlukile. Umzekelo, i-Shanxi liphondo elikhulu elivelisa amalahle kwaye linemfuno ephezulu kakhulu yezixhobo zokuxuba i-asphalt ezincinci kunye neziphakathi; ngelixa kwamanye amaphondo kunye nezixeko eziphuhliswe ngokwezoqoqosho, iindlela ziye zangena kwinqanaba lokugcinwa, kwaye imfuno yezixhobo zokuxuba i-asphalt ephezulu iphezulu kakhulu.
Ke ngoko, abasebenzi bokuthengisa kufuneka bahlalutye imarike kwingingqi nganye kwaye benze izicwangciso ezifanelekileyo zokuthengisa ukuze bathathe indawo kukhuphiswano oluqatha lwemarike.
