[1] Izifo eziqhelekileyo ze-asphalt pavement
Kukho iintlobo ezisithoba zomonakalo wokuqala kwipavumente ye-asphalt: iiruti, iintanda, kunye nemingxuma. Ezi zifo zezona zixhaphakileyo kwaye zinobuzaza, kwaye yenye yeengxaki zomgangatho oqhelekileyo weeprojekthi zohola wendlela.
1.1 URut
IiRuts zibhekisa kwigrooves emile okwebhanti longitudinal eveliswe ecaleni kwemizila yamavili kwindlela, enobunzulu obungaphezulu kwe-1.5cm. I-Rutting yi-groove emise okwebhendi eyenziwe ngokuqokelelwa kwe-deformation esisigxina kwindlela phantsi kwemithwalo yokuqhuba ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ukurula kunciphisa ukuguda kwendlela. Xa i-ruts ifikelela kubunzulu obuthile, ngenxa yokuqokelelwa kwamanzi kwi-ruts, iimoto ziyakwazi ukutyibilika kwaye zibangele iingozi zendlela. I-Rutting ibangelwa ikakhulu kuyilo olungekho ngqiqweni kunye nokugcwala kakhulu kwezithuthi.
1.2 Iintanda
Kukho iindlela ezintathu eziphambili zokuqhekeka: ii-longitudinal cracks, ii-cracks ezinqamlezayo kunye nokuqhekeka kwenethiwekhi. Iintanda zenzeke kwipavumente ye-asphalt, ebangela ukugeleza kwamanzi kwaye yenzakalise umaleko ongaphezulu kunye nomgangatho wesiseko.
1.3 Umngxuma kunye nomsele
Imingxuma sisifo esixhaphakileyo sakwangoko sokuhamba kwe-asphalt, esibhekisa kumonakalo wendlela yendlela kwimingxunya enobunzulu obungaphezulu kwe-2cm kunye nommandla ongaphezulu kwe-0.04㎡. Imingxuma yenziwa ikakhulu xa ukulungiswa kwesithuthi okanye i-oyile yemoto ingena kumphezulu wendlela. Ungcoliseko lubangela ukuba umxube we-asphalt ukhululeke, kwaye imingxuma yenziwa ngokuthe ngcembe ngokuqhuba nokuqengqeleka.
1.4 Ukuxobula
Ipavumente ye-asphalt ibhekisa kumaleko axobukayo kumphezulu wepavumente, kunye nommandla ongaphezulu kwe-0.1 square metres. Oyena nobangela wokupeyinta kwipavement ye asphalt kukonakala kwamanzi.
1.5 ikhululekile
Ukuxengaxenga kwepavumente yeasphalt kubhekiselele ekulahlekeni kwamandla okubopha isibophelelo sepavumente kunye nokucolwa kweeaggregates, kunye nommandla ongaphezulu kwe-0.1 square metres.

[2] Amanyathelo okugcinwa kwezifo eziqhelekileyo ze-asphalt pavement
Kwizifo ezenzeka kwinqanaba lokuqala le-asphalt pavement, kufuneka senze umsebenzi wokulungisa kwangethuba, ukuze kuncitshiswe impembelelo yesifo kukhuseleko lokuqhuba lwe-asphalt pavement.
2.1 Ukulungiswa kweeruti
Ezona ndlela ziphambili zokulungisa iiruthi zendlela ye asphalt zezi zilandelayo:
2.1.1 Ukuba umphezulu wendlela ulahliwe ngenxa yokushukuma kwezithuthi. Umphezulu okhutshiweyo kufuneka ususwe ngokusikwa okanye ngokusila, emva koko umphezulu we-asphalt kufuneka uvuselelwe. Emva koko sebenzisa umxube we-asphalt mastic gravel (SMA) okanye umxube we-asphalt oguqulwayo we-SBS, okanye umxube we-asphalt owenziwe nge-polyethylene ukulungisa i-ruts.
2.1.2 Ukuba umgangatho wendlela utyhalwa ngasecaleni kwaye wenze i-lateral corrugated ruts, ukuba izinzile, iindawo eziphumayo zinokunqunyulwa, kwaye iindawo zomkhumbi zingatshizwa okanye zipeyintwe nge-asphalt edibeneyo kwaye izaliswe ngomxube we-asphalt, iphakanyiswe, kwaye idibene.
2.1.3 Ukuba i-rutting ibangelwa ukuthotywa kwenxalenye yomgangatho wesiseko ngenxa yokungonelanga kwamandla kunye nozinzo olubi lwamanzi lomgangatho wesiseko, umaleko wesiseko kufuneka uphathwe kuqala. Susa ngokupheleleyo umaleko womphezulu kunye nomgangatho wesiseko
2.2 Ukulungiswa kweentanda
Emva kokuqhekeka kwe-asphalt kwi-pavement yenzeke, ukuba zonke okanye ezininzi ezincinci ziyakwazi ukuphiliswa ngexesha lokushisa okuphezulu, akukho nyango lufunekayo. Ukuba kukho iintanda ezincinci ezingenakuphiliswa ngexesha lobushushu obuphezulu, kufuneka zilungiswe kwangethuba ukuze kulawuleke ukwandiswa okungaphezulu kweentanda, kuthintelwe umonakalo kwangethuba kwipavumente, nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokusetyenziswa kohola wendlela. Ngokufanayo, xa kulungiswa iintanda kwi-asphalt pavement, imisebenzi yenkqubo engqongqo kunye neemfuno zokucaciswa kufuneka zilandelwe.
2.2.1 Indlela yokulungisa ukuzaliswa kwe-oyile. Ebusika, coca iintanda ezithe nkqo nezithe tyaba, sebenzisa irhasi enyibilikisiweyo ukutshisa iindonga zokuqhekeka ukuya kwindawo ebonakalayo, emva koko utshize i-asphalt okanye udaka lwe-asphalt (i-asphalt e-emulsified kufuneka itshizwe kubushushu obuphantsi kunye namaxesha afumileyo) kwiintanda, emva koko usasazeke. ngokulinganayo Khusela umaleko weetshiphusi zamatye ezomileyo ezicocekileyo okanye isanti erhabaxa ye-2 ukuya ku-5 mm, kwaye ekugqibeleni usebenzise i-roller yokukhanya ukutyumza izinto ezimbiwa ngamaminerali. Ukuba i-crack encinci, kufuneka yandiswe kwangaphambili kunye ne-disc milling cutter, kwaye emva koko iqhutywe ngokwendlela engentla, kunye nenani elincinci le-asphalt kunye nokuhambelana okuphantsi kufuneka kusetyenziswe kunye ne-crack.
2.2.2 Lungisa indlela yeasphalt eqhekekileyo. Ngexesha lokwakha, qala ukhuphe iintanda ezindala ukuze zenze umsele omile okwe-V; emva koko sebenzisa i-compressor yomoya ukuvuthela iindawo ezivulekileyo kunye nothuli kunye nezinye i-debris ngaphakathi nangaphakathi kwi-groove efana ne-V, kwaye emva koko usebenzise i-extrusion gun ukuxuba umxube olinganayo Izinto zokulungisa zigalelwa kwi-crack ukuze zizalise. Emva kokuba izinto zokulungisa ziqina, ziya kuvuleleka kwi-traffic malunga nosuku. Ukongezelela, ukuba kukho ukuqhekeka okunzulu ngenxa yokungonelanga kwesiseko somhlaba okanye isiseko sesiseko okanye i-slurry ye-roadbed, isiseko sesiseko kufuneka siphathwe kuqala kwaye emva koko umgangatho womhlaba kufuneka uhlaziywe.
2.3 Ukhathalelo lwemingxuma
2.3.1 Indlela yokunyamekela xa isiseko somgangatho wendlela sichanekile kwaye kuphela umaleko womphezulu onemingxuma. Ngokomgaqo "wokulungisa isikwere somngxuma ojikelezayo", zoba inkcazo yokulungisa i-pothole ngokuhambelana okanye i-perpendicular kumgca ophakathi wendlela. Yenza ngokoxande okanye isikwere. Sika i-pothole kwindawo ezinzileyo. Sebenzisa i-compressor yomoya ukucoca umzantsi we-groove kunye ne-groove. Coca uthuli kunye neendawo ezivulekileyo zodonga, uze ufefe umgca omncinci we-asphalt edibeneyo kwindawo ecocekileyo yetanki; udonga lwetanki luzaliswa ngumxube we-asphalt olungiselelwe. Emva koko uyiqengqe nge-roller yesandla, uqinisekise ukuba amandla okudibanisa asebenza ngokuthe ngqo kumxube we-asphalt owenziweyo. Ngale ndlela, ukuqhekeka, ukuqhekeka, njl. akuyi kwenzeka.
2.3.1 Lungisa ngendlela eshushu yokuchwetheza. Isithuthi sokulungiswa okutshisayo sisetyenziselwa ukufudumeza umgangatho wendlela emhadini kunye nepleyiti yokufudumeza, ukukhulula i-pavement layer efudumeleyo kunye nethambileyo, ukutshiza i-asphalt emulsified, ukongeza umxube omtsha we-asphalt, emva koko ugxobhoze kwaye uqhube, kwaye udibanise kunye ne-roller yendlela.
2.3.3 Ukuba umaleko wesiseko wonakaliswe ngenxa yokungonelanga kwamandla asekuhlaleni kunye nemingxuma yenziwe, i-surface layer kunye ne-base layer kufuneka ikhutshwe ngokupheleleyo.
2.4 Ukulungiswa kokuxobula
2.4.1 Ngenxa yokungadibani kakuhle phakathi komgangatho we-asphalt kunye nomgangatho wokutywina ongaphezulu, okanye ukuxobulwa okubangelwa kukugcinwa kakubi kokuqala, iindawo ezixotshiweyo nezikhululekileyo kufuneka zisuswe, kwaye emva koko umaleko wokutywina ophezulu kufuneka uhlaziywe. Ubungakanani be-asphalt esetyenziswe kumgca wokutywina kufuneka ibe kunye nemilinganiselo yesayizi ye-particle ye-mineral materials kufuneka ixhomekeke kubukhulu bomgca wokutywina.
2.4.2 Ukuba i-peelling iyenzeka phakathi kwe-asphalt surface layers, i-speeling kunye neendawo ezikhululekile kufuneka zisuswe, indawo ephantsi ye-asphalt kufuneka ifakwe ipeyinti nge-asphalt edibeneyo, kwaye i-asphalt layer kufuneka ihlaziywe.
2.4.3 Ukuba ukuxothwa kwenzeka ngenxa yokubambisana okungahambi kakuhle phakathi komgangatho ongaphezulu kunye nomgangatho wesiseko, i-peeling kunye ne-loose surface layer kufuneka isuswe kuqala kwaye imbangela ye-bonding embi kufuneka ihlalutywe.
2.5 Ukugcinwa okuxekileyo
2.5.1 Ukuba kukho umngxuma omncinci ngenxa yokulahleka kwezinto ezibambezelayo, xa i-asphalt surface layer ingaphelelwa yioyile, izinto ezifanelekileyo zokugquma zingafafazwa ngamaxesha obushushu obuphezulu kwaye itshayelwe ngokulinganayo ngomtshayelo ukuze kuzaliswe izithuba elityeni. kunye nemathiriyeli ye-caulking.
2.5.2 Kwimimandla emikhulu yeendawo eziphawulweyo, fafaza i-asphalt ngokuhambelana okuphezulu kwaye ufefe izinto zokukhahlela ngeesayizi ezifanelekileyo zamasuntswana. Isixhobo se-caulking embindini wendawo ephawulweyo kufuneka ibe ngqindilili kancinane, kwaye ujongano olujikelezileyo kunye nomgangatho wendlela wokuqala kufuneka ube mncinci kwaye ulungiswe kakuhle. Kwaye iqengqeleke ibe yimo.
2.5.3 Umphezulu wendlela ukhululekile ngenxa yokuncamathela okulambathayo phakathi kwe-asphalt nelitye elineasidi. Zonke iindawo ezikhululekileyo kufuneka zigrunjwe kwaye emva koko umaleko womphezulu kufuneka uhlaziywe. Amatye e-Acidic akufanele asetyenziswe xa kuphinda kufakwe izinto ezimbiwa phantsi.