Uhlalutyo lweziphoso eziqhelekileyo kwizityalo zokuxuba i-asphalt
Kulwakhiwo lwe-asphalt pavement, izityalo zokuxuba i-asphalt zekhonkrithi zizixhobo eziphambili zokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokwakha kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle. Kulwakhiwo lweendlela zasekhaya ezikumgangatho ophezulu, phantse zonke izityalo zokuxuba i-asphalt ezithengwa kwamanye amazwe ziyasetyenziswa. Iinkcukacha ngokubanzi zingaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-160. Utyalo-mali lwezixhobo lukhulu kwaye luyinxalenye ebaluleke kakhulu kubugcisa bokwakha kwipavumente.
Ukusebenza kakuhle kwesityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt kunye nomgangatho wekhonkrithi eveliswayo inxulumene nokuba isityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt ikhonkrithi asiphumelelanga kunye nohlobo kunye nokwenzeka kokungaphumeleli. Ukudibanisa iminyaka emininzi yamava kwimveliso ye-asphalt yekhonkrithi kunye nokwakhiwa kwelori yombane eflethi, izizathu zokungaphumeleli kwizityalo zokuxuba i-asphalt zekhonkrithi zihlaziywa ukubonelela ngamava athile ekukhuthazeni ukuphuhliswa kwekhonkrithi ye-asphalt kunye nokuqinisekisa umgangatho wokwakhiwa komgangatho ophezulu we-asphalt pavement.

1. Imveliso engazinzanga kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwezixhobo zokusebenza
Kwimveliso yokwakha, olu hlobo lwenzeka luhlala ludibana. Umthamo wemveliso yezixhobo ungonelanga, kwaye amandla okuvelisa asezantsi kakhulu kunomthamo wokuchazwa kwezixhobo, okukhokelela kwinkcitho yezixhobo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle okuphantsi. Izizathu eziphambili zolu hlobo lokusilela ziquka le miba ilandelayo:
(1) Umlinganiselo ongafanelekanga womxube we-asphalt wekhonkrithi. I-asphalt yekhonkrithi yokuxuba umlinganiselo ojoliswe kuyo kunye nomlinganiselo womxube wemveliso. Umlinganiselo wokuxutywa okujoliswe kuwo ulawula umlinganiselo wokuthuthwa kwezinto ezibandayo zesanti kunye nezixhobo zegrabile, kunye nomlinganiselo wokuxuba imveliso ngumlinganiselo wokuxuba weentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesanti kunye nezixhobo zamatye kwizinto ezigqityiweyo ze-asphalt eziphathekayo ezichazwe kuyilo. Umlinganiselo womxube wemveliso umiselwa yilabhoratri, emisela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho wokuhlelwa kwe-off-site yekhonkrithi ye-asphalt egqityiweyo. Umlinganiselo wokuxuba ojoliswe kuwo umiselwe ukuqhubela phambili ukuqinisekisa umlinganiselo womxube wemveliso, kwaye unokulungiswa ngokufanelekileyo ngokwemeko yokwenyani ngexesha lemveliso. Xa umlinganiselo wokuxutywa okujoliswe kuwo okanye umlinganiselo womxube wemveliso awufanelekanga, amatye agcinwe kumlinganiselo ngamnye wesityalo se-asphalt aya kuba ngokungalinganiyo, kunye nokuphuphumayo kunye nezinye izinto, azikwazi ukulinganiswa ngexesha, kunye ne-cylinder yokuxuba iya kuba idling. , okubangela ukuncitshiswa kwemveliso.
(2) Ukuhlelwa kwesanti namatye akufanelekile.
Inkcazo nganye yesanti kunye nelitye inoluhlu lokuhlela. Ukuba ulawulo lwesondlo alukho ngqongqo kwaye ukuhlelwa kugqithise kakhulu kuluhlu, isixa esikhulu "senkunkuma" siya kuveliswa, kwaye umgqomo wokulinganisa awukwazi ukulinganisa ngexesha. Ayipheleli nje ekuphumeleliseni imveliso ephantsi, kodwa iphinda imoshe izinto ezininzi.
(3) Amanzi esanti namatye aphezulu kakhulu.
Umthamo wokuvelisa umgqomo wokumisa wesikhululo sokuxuba i-asphalt uhambelana nemodeli yezixhobo ngokufanelekileyo. Xa umthamo wamanzi kwisanti kunye nelitye uphezulu kakhulu, umthamo wokumisa uyancipha, kwaye inani lesanti kunye nelitye elinikezelwe kwi-bin metering bin ukufikelela kwiqondo lokushisa elibekiweyo ngexesha leyunithi lincinci. Oku kunciphisa imveliso.
(4) Ixabiso lokutsha kwamafutha liphantsi. Kukho iimfuno ezithile zeoli yokutsha esetyenziswa kwizityalo ze-asphalt. Ngokuqhelekileyo, idizili, i-diesel enzima okanye ioli enzima iyatshiswa. Ngexesha lokwakha, ukuze kungabizi mali, ioli exutyiweyo ngamanye amaxesha iyatshiswa. Olu hlobo lweoyile lunexabiso eliphantsi lokutsha kunye nobushushu obuphantsi, obuchaphazela kakhulu amandla okufudumeza kombhobho wokumisa. .
(5) Iiparamitha zokusebenza kwezixhobo zisekwe ngokungafanelekanga.
Ikakhulu ibonakaliswe kwindawo engafanelekanga yokuxuba okomileyo kunye nexesha lokuxuba okumanzi kunye nokulungelelaniswa okungafanelekanga kokuvula umnyango webhakethi kunye nexesha lokuvala. Kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, umjikelo ngamnye wokuvelisa ukuxuba imizuzwana engama-45, efikelela nje kumlinganiselo olinganisiweyo wokuvelisa izixhobo. Ukuthatha izixhobo zohlobo lwe-2000 njengomzekelo, umjikelezo oshukumisayo ngu-45s, imveliso yeyure Q = 2 × 3600/ 45= 160t / h, ixesha lokujikeleza liyi-50s, imveliso yeyure Q = 2 × 3600 / 50= 144t/h (Qaphela: Umthamo olinganisiweyo wesixhobo sokuxuba uhlobo lwe-2000 yi-160t //h). Oku kufuna ukuba ixesha lomjikelo wokuxuba lifinyezwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka ngelixa liqinisekisa umgangatho.

2. Ubushushu bokukhutshwa kwekhonkrithi ye-asphalt alizinzile
Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuvelisa ikhonkrithi ye-asphalt, kukho iimfuno eziqinileyo zokushisa. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, i-asphalt iya "kutshiswa" ngokulula, eyaziwa ngokuba yi "paste", engenalo ixabiso lokusetyenziswa kwaye kufuneka ilahlwe; ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphantsi kakhulu, i-asphalt iya kubambelela ngokungafaniyo kwisanti kunye negrabile, eyaziwa ngokuba "izinto ezimhlophe". Ilahleko ye "paste" kunye "nempahla emhlophe" iyamangalisa, kwaye ixabiso ngetoni nganye yezinto ngokubanzi lijikeleze i-250 yuan. Ukuba indawo yokuvelisa ikhonkrithi ye-asphalt ilahla inkunkuma eninzi kwisiza, oko kubonisa ukuphantsi kolawulo lwayo kunye nenqanaba lokusebenza. Kukho izizathu ezibini zolu hlobo lokusilela:
(1) Ulawulo lobushushu be-asphalt aluchanekanga. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, "unamathisele" uya kuveliswa; ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphantsi kakhulu, "izinto ezimhlophe" ziya kuveliswa.
(2) Ulawulo lobushushu bobushushu besanti kunye nezinto zegrabile azichanekanga. Ukulungelelaniswa okungafanelekanga kobukhulu bomlilo ovuthayo, ukungaphumeleli kwe-damper engxamisekileyo, utshintsho kumxholo womswakama kwintlabathi kunye negrabile, ukungabikho kwezinto eziphathekayo kwi-bin material ebandayo, njl., kunokubangela inkunkuma ngokulula. Oku kufuna uqwalaselo olucokisekileyo, umlinganiselo othe rhoqo, kunye novakalelo oluphezulu loxanduva ngexesha lenkqubo yemveliso.

3. I-oyile-stone ratio ayizinzile
Umlinganiselo we-whetstone ubhekisela kumlinganiselo womgangatho we-asphalt kumgangatho wezigcwalisi ezifana nesanti kwikhonkrithi ye-asphalt. Luphawu olubalulekileyo lokulawula umgangatho wekhonkrithi ye-asphalt. Ukuba i-oil-stone ratio inkulu kakhulu, "ikhekhe leoli" liya kubonakala kwindlela emva kokuhamba kunye nokuqengqeleka. Ukuba i-oil-stone ratio incinci kakhulu, izinto eziphathekayo ziya kuhlukana kwaye ikhonkrithi ayiyi kwakhiwa emva kokuqengqeleka. Zonke ezi ziingozi ezinzulu zomgangatho. Ezona zizathu ziphambili zezi:
(1) Umhlaba kunye nesiqulatho sothuli esantini namatye siwudlula ngokunzulu umgangatho. Nangona uthuli lususiwe, umxholo wodaka kwi-filler ukhulu kakhulu, kwaye ininzi ye-asphalt idibaniswa ne-filler, eyaziwa ngokuba "i-oil absorption". Kukho i-asphalt encinci enamathela kumphezulu wegrabile, okwenza kube nzima ukuqulunqa ngokuqengqeleka.
(2) Ukungaphumeleli kwenkqubo yokulinganisa. Esona sizathu sikukuba inqaku elinguziro lenkqubo yokulinganisa isikali somlinganiselo we-asphalt kunye nomgubo weminerali wokulinganisa isikali siyakhukuliseka, sibangela iimpazamo zomlinganiselo. Ngokukodwa kwizikali zokulinganisa i-asphalt, impazamo ye-1kg iya kuchaphazela kakhulu umlinganiselo wamatye oyile. Kwimveliso, inkqubo yokulinganisa kufuneka ilinganiswe rhoqo. Kwimveliso yangempela, ngenxa yobuninzi bokungcola okuqulethwe kwi-powder yamaminerali, umnyango we-mineral powder measurement bin kaninzi awuvalwanga ngokuqinileyo, okubangelwa ukuvuza, okuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho wekhonkrithi ye-asphalt.

4. Uthuli lukhulu kwaye lungcolisa indawo yokwakha.
Ngexesha lokwakha, ezinye izityalo ezixutywayo zizaliswe luthuli, zingcolise kakhulu indalo kwaye zichaphazela impilo yabasebenzi. Ezona zizathu ziphambili zezi:
(1) Ubungakanani bodaka kunye nothuli lwesanti kunye nemathiriyeli yamatye bukhulu kakhulu kwaye bugqithise kakhulu umgangatho.
(2) Ukusilela kwenkqubo yokususa uthuli yesibini. Izityalo zokuxuba i-asphalt okwangoku zisebenzisa abaqokeleli bothuli bebhegi yesibini eyomileyo, eyenziwe ngezinto ezikhethekileyo ezinemibhobho emincinci, ukungena komoya okulungileyo, kunye nokumelana nobushushu obuphezulu. Ziyabiza, kodwa zineziphumo ezilungileyo kwaye zinokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo. Oyena nobangela wongcoliseko kukuba i-pulse air pressure yengxowa iphantsi kakhulu, okanye ezinye iiyunithi aziyitshintshi kwangethuba emva komonakalo ukuze kugcinwe imali. Isikhwama sonakaliswe okanye sivaliwe, ukutshiswa kwepetroli akuphelelanga, kwaye ukungcola kubhengezwa phezu kwesikhwama, kubangela ukuvala kwaye kubangela ukuba isomisi sibanda. Uthuli lubhabha ekungeneni kwezinto; isikhwama sonakalisiwe okanye asifakwanga, kwaye umsi ubonakala "njengomsi ophuzi", kodwa ngokwenene uthuli.

5. Ukugcinwa kwesityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt concrete
Iplanti yokuxuba i-asphalt kwindawo yokwakha yinxalenye yesixhobo esinokusilela. Ukomeleza ukugcinwa kwesi sixhobo kudlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ulwakhiwo olukhuselekileyo kwindawo yokwakha, ukuphucula imfezeko yezixhobo, ukunciphisa ukusilela kwezixhobo, nokuqinisekisa umgangatho obambekayo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukugcinwa kwesityalo sokuxuba sahlulahlulwe kukugcinwa kwetanki, ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa kwenkqubo ye-winch, ukulungiswa kunye nokugcinwa kwe-stroke limiter, ukugcinwa kwentambo yocingo kunye neepulleys, ukugcinwa kwe-hopper yokuphakamisa, kunye nokugcinwa kwesixhobo. umkhondo kunye nokulandelela izibiyeli. yima. Itanki sisixhobo esisebenzayo sesityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt kwaye siphantsi kokonakala kunye nokukrazula. Ngokubanzi, i-liner, i-blade, ingalo yokuxuba kunye nesitywina somnyango wezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka ihlengahlengiswe kwaye itshintshwe rhoqo ngokuxhomekeke kwimpahla kunye nokukrazula. Emva kokuxutywa kwekhonkrithi nganye, itanki kufuneka ihlanjululwe ngexesha, kwaye ikhonkrithi eseleyo kwitanki kunye nekhonkrithi ebambelele kumnyango wezinto eziphathekayo kufuneka ihlanjululwe kakuhle ukukhusela ikhonkrithi kwitanki ekuqinisweni. Ukuguquguquka kokuvula kunye nokuvala ucango lwempahla kufuneka kuhlolwe rhoqo ukuze kuthintelwe ucango lwempahla ukuba lubambelele. Impompo yeoli etyebileyo isetyenziswa kabini kwishifti nganye ukubonelela ngeoyile kwishaft ekupheleni kwetanki ukuthambisa iibheringi nokukhupha isanti, amanzi, njalo njalo. ukuphepha iingozi. Qinisekisa ukuba akukho zinto zangaphandle kwitanki ngaphambi kokuba uqalise umatshini ngexesha ngalinye, kwaye kuthintelwe ngokungqongqo ukuqalisa umphathi ngomthwalo.

Ukugcinwa kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwe-winch motor: Inkqubo ye-braking ye-winch ye-winch yesikhululo sokuxuba i-aspahlt inokuqinisekisa ukuba i-hopper inokuhlala kuyo nayiphi na indawo kumzila xa isebenza kumthwalo opheleleyo. Ubungakanani be-torque yokuxuba ihlengahlengiswa yi-nut enkulu kwisihlalo esingasemva semoto. Susa i-screw yokudibanisa phakathi kwe-lock nut kunye ne-fan brake, buyisela i-lock nut kwindawo efanelekileyo, kwaye uhambise i-rotor kwindawo egqithiseleyo ukuya ekupheleni kwe-shaft. Emva koko hambisa i-fan brake ngasemva ukuze iringi yebrake ilingane nomphezulu wekhowuni yobuso obungasemva. Qinisa i-nut yokutshixa ide idibane nobuso besiphelo sebhuleki yefeni. Emva koko uyijike ngokujikekileyo kwaye uqinise isikrufu sokudibanisa. Ukuba ihopha ineziphene zokuqhobosha xa inyuswa okanye ithotywa, qala ngokushenxisela i-nati yokutshixa uyibuyisele kwindawo efanelekileyo, uze uqinise ibholiti yesokethi emacala mathandathu kweso siphelo ngokwewotshi. Ukuba kukho i-jam xa uqalisa i-motor yokuphakamisa, susa kuqala i-nut yokuvala. Buyela kwindawo efanelekileyo, khulula ibholiti yesokethi ene-hexagonal kweso siphelo, wandise umgama webrake wangaphakathi, kwaye uqinise nati yokutshixa. Ukugcinwa kwendawo yokubeka ukulayisha kunye nesibiyeli: Gcoba rhoqo igrisi ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwegroove apho indawo yokulayisha idibana nerola ukunciphisa ukuxhathisa kokubaleka kwerola xa ihla inyuka. Ukuguqulwa kwendawo yokulayisha kunye nesibiyeli kufuneka kujongwane nako kwangethuba ukuze kuthintelwe iiNgozi.
Ukugcinwa kwe-stroke limiter: I-limiter yesikhululo sokuxuba ihlulwe ibe ngumda wokukhawulela, umda ophezulu, umda ophantsi kunye ne-circuit breaker. Kuyimfuneko ukuba rhoqo kwaye ngokukhawuleza uhlolisise uvakalelo kunye nokuthembeka kokutshintshwa komda ngamnye, khangela ukuba iinqununu zesiphaluka zolawulo, amajoyina, kunye ne-wiring zikwimeko efanelekileyo, nokuba ngaba iisekethe ziqhelekileyo. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekusebenzeni okukhuselekileyo kwesikhululo sokuxuba.
Ukwenza umsebenzi omhle ekulawuleni umgangatho kunye nokuxazulula iingxaki kwisityalo se-asphalt akunakuqinisekisa kuphela umgangatho weprojekthi, kodwa nokunciphisa iindleko zeprojekthi, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kokwakhiwa, kunye nokufezekisa isivuno esiphindwe kabini seenzuzo zentlalo nezoqoqosho.