Izixhobo zokuxuba umxube we-asphalt ngumlinganiselo wotyalo-mali kwizityalo zokuxuba umxube we-asphalt. Ayichaphazeli kuphela imveliso eqhelekileyo, kodwa iphinda inqume ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho womxube we-asphalt kunye neendleko zokusetyenziswa.
Imodeli yezixhobo zokuxuba i-asphalt kufuneka ikhethwe ngokwesayensi kunye nengqiqo ngokusekelwe kwisiphumo sonyaka. Ukuba imodeli inkulu kakhulu, iya kwandisa iindleko zotyalo-mali kwaye inciphise ukusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kweemveliso ze-polyurethane; ukuba imodeli yezixhobo incinci kakhulu, imveliso iya kunganelanga, okubangela ukungaphumeleli ekuphuculeni ukusebenza kakuhle kolwakhiwo, ngaloo ndlela kwandiswa ixesha lokusebenza. , uqoqosho oluhlwempuzekileyo, abasebenzi bokwakha nabo banomdla wokudinwa. Izityalo zokuxuba i-asphalt ezingaphantsi kohlobo lwe-2000 zihlala zisetyenziselwa iindlela zokwakha zendawo okanye ukulungiswa nokulungiswa kukamasipala, ngelixa uhlobo lwe-3000 okanye ngaphezulu lusetyenziswa kakhulu kwiiprojekthi zeendlela ezinkulu ezifana nohola wendlela, oohola belizwe kunye noohola bephondo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ezi projekthi zinexesha elinzima lokwakha.
Ngokwemveliso yemfuno yonyaka, imveliso yeyure yesityalo sokuxuba umxube we-asphalt = imveliso yemfuno yonyaka/ulwakhiwo olusebenzayo lonyaka Iinyanga ezi-6/iintsuku ezinelanga ezisebenzayo zenyanga ezingama-25/10 iiyure zomsebenzi ngosuku (elona xesha liphambili ulwakhiwo lwe-asphalt olusebenzayo ngonyaka ziinyanga ezi-6, kwaye iintsuku zokwakha ezisebenzayo ngenyanga zingaphezulu kweenyanga ezi-6) zibalwa iintsuku ezingama-25, kwaye iiyure zokusebenza zemihla ngemihla zibalwa njengeeyure ezili-10).
Kungcono ukhethe imveliso elinganisiweyo yesityalo sokuxuba umxube we-asphalt ukuba ibe nkulu kancinane kunethiyori ebalwayo ngeyure, kuba ichatshazelwa zizinto ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngokucaciswa kwemathiriyeli ekrwada, umxholo wokufuma, njl. njl. isityalo sokuxuba sikholisa ukuba yi-60% kuphela yemodeli yemveliso ~ 80%. Ngokomzekelo, isiphumo esilinganiselweyo sohlobo lwe-4000-uhlobo lwesityalo sokuxuba umxube we-asphalt ngokuqhelekileyo yi-240-320t/h. Ukuba imveliso yanda ngakumbi, iya kuchaphazela ukufana kokuxuba, ukulinganisa kunye nokuzinza kweqondo lokushisa lomxube. Ukuba ivelisa i-asphalt yerabha okanye i-SMA kunye neminye imixube ye-asphalt elungisiweyo okanye xa iveliswa emva kwemvula, isiphumo esilinganisiweyo siya kuhla ukuya kumlinganiselo othile. Oku kungenxa yokuba ixesha lokuxuba liyandiswa, ilitye lifumile kwaye ubushushu bukhuphuka kancinci emva kwemvula.
Kucetywa ukugqiba umsebenzi womxube we-asphalt weetoni ezingama-300,000 ngonyaka omnye emva kokusekwa kwesi sikhululo. Ngokwale fomula yokubala ingentla, imveliso yeyure ngama-200t. Imveliso ezinzileyo yesityalo sokuxuba umxube we-asphalt we-4000 yi-240t / h, engaphezulu kwe-200t. Ngoko ke, isityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt se-4000 sikhethwe. Izixhobo zokuxuba zinokuhlangabezana nemisebenzi yokwakha, kwaye izixhobo zokuxuba i-asphalt zodidi lwe-4000 nazo ziyimodeli eqhelekileyo esetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ngamacandelo okwakha kwiiprojekthi ezinkulu kakhulu ezifana neendlela ezinkulu kunye neendlela eziphambili.

Abasebenzi banengqiqo kwaye bayasebenza
Okwangoku, umlinganiselo weendleko zabasebenzi kumashishini okwakha uyanda unyaka nonyaka. Ngoko ke, indlela yokwaba ngokufanelekileyo izibonelelo zoluntu ayibonakali nje kuphela kwizakhono zoshishino zabasebenzi abakhethiweyo, kodwa nakwinani labasebenzi ababiweyo.
Isityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt yinkqubo eyinkimbinkimbi eyenziwe ngamacandelo amaninzi, kwaye inkqubo yokuvelisa idinga ukulungelelaniswa kwabantu abaninzi. Bonke abaphathi bayakuqonda ukubaluleka kwabantu. Ngaphandle kwabasebenzi abafanelekileyo, akunakwenzeka ukufumana inzuzo yezoqoqosho.
Ngokusekelwe kumava kunye neemfuno, abasebenzi abayimfuneko kwiplanti yokuxuba i-asphalt ngaba: 1 umphathi wesikhululo, abaqhubi aba-2, abasebenzi aba-2 bolondolozo, isikali esi-1 sokulinganisa kunye nomqokeleli wezinto eziphathekayo, i-1 logistics kunye nomntu wokulawula ukutya, kunye nonobhala we-1 umntu unoxanduva lwezemali. accounting, bebonke abantu 8. Abaqhubi kunye nabasebenzi bolondolozo kufuneka baqeqeshwe ngumenzi weplanti yokuxuba i-asphalt okanye iziko lobungcali kwaye babambe isatifikethi phambi kokuba basebenze.
Ukwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle nokomeleza ulawulo olubanzi
Ulawulo lubonakaliswa kulawulo lwabasebenzi, kodwa nakulawulo lomsebenzi kunye nemveliso. Kuye kwaba yimvumelwano kwishishini ukufuna inzuzo kubaphathi.
Ngaphantsi kwesiseko sokuba ixabiso lomxube we-asphalt lizinzile ngokusisiseko, njengomqhubi wesityalo sokuxuba umxube we-asphalt, ukuze kuphunyezwe izibonelelo ezilungileyo zoqoqosho, indlela yodwa kukusebenza nzima ekugcinweni kweendleko. Ukongiwa kweendleko kunokuqala kule miba ilandelayo.

Ukuphucula imveliso
Umgangatho we-aggregate uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuveliswa kwesityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt. Ngoko ke, umgangatho kufuneka ulawulwe ngokungqongqo xa kuthengwa izinto eziluhlaza ukuphepha ukuchaphazela imveliso ngenxa yokuphuphuma kunye nokuphuphuma. Enye into echaphazela ukuveliswa kwesityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt sisitshisi esiphambili. Umgqomo wokumisa wesityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt yenzelwe indawo ekhethekileyo yokufudumala. Ukuba i-flame shape ayinakuhambelana nendawo yokufudumala, iya kuchaphazela kakhulu ukusebenza kakuhle kokufudumeza, ngaloo ndlela ichaphazela imveliso yesityalo se-asphalt. Ke ngoko, ukuba ufumanisa ukuba imilo yedangatye ayilungile, kufuneka uyilungise kwangexesha.

Nciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha
Iindleko zepetroli zijonga umlinganiselo omkhulu weendleko zokusebenza zezityalo zokuxuba i-asphalt. Ukongeza kokuthatha amanyathelo ayimfuneko okuthintela amanzi kwii-aggregates, kubalulekile ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo yokutshisa. Inkqubo yokutshisa isityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt siquka isitshisi esiphambili, idrum yokomisa, umqokeleli wothuli kunye nenkqubo yokungenisa umoya. Ukuhambelana okufanelekileyo phakathi kwabo kudlala indima ecacileyo ekutshisweni okupheleleyo kwamafutha. Ingaba ubude bomlilo kunye nobubanzi be-burner buhambelana nendawo yokutshisa ityhubhu yokumisa, kunye nokushisa kwegesi yokucima kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusetyenziswa kwe-fuel of the burner. Ezinye iinkcukacha zibonisa ukuba lonke ixesha iqondo lokushisa elihlanganisiweyo lidlula iqondo lokushisa elichaziweyo nge-5 ° C, ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha kunyuka malunga ne-1%. Ngoko ke, iqondo lokushisa elidibeneyo kufuneka lanele kwaye akufanele lidlule iqondo lokushisa elichaziweyo.

Ukomeleza ugcino kunye nokunciphisa iindleko zokulungisa kunye neendawo ezisecaleni
Indawo yokusebenza yesityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt inzima kwaye ukugcinwa kwesiqhelo kubalulekile. Njengoko ilizwi lihamba, "Iipesenti ezisixhenxe zixhomekeke kumgangatho kunye neepesenti ezintathu zixhomekeke ekugcinweni." Ukuba ulondolozo alukho, iindleko zokulungiswa, ngakumbi ukulungiswa, kuya kuba phezulu kakhulu. Ngexesha lohlolo lwemihla ngemihla, iingxaki ezincinci ezifunyenweyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza ukuthintela iingxaki ezincinci ukuba zijike zibe lukusilela okukhulu.

Uhlalutyo lweTyalo-mali oluDityanisiweyo lwe-Asphalt
Kwisityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt esifuna utyalo-mali lweshumi lezigidi ze-yuan, kwinqanaba lokuqala lotyalo-mali, umlinganiselo wotyalo-mali kunye nengeniso kufuneka uqale uqwalaselwe ukukhusela ilahleko ebangelwa utyalo-mali olungaboniyo. Iindleko zokusebenza zibalwa njengeendleko zemveliso ngaphandle kotyalo-mali lwehardware. Oku kulandelayo luhlalutyo lweendleko zokusebenza zeprojekthi. Iimeko ezimiselweyo: Imodeli yesityalo sokuxuba umxube we-asphalt luhlobo lwe-4000; ixesha lokusebenza iiyure ezili-10 zokusebenza ngokuqhubekayo ngosuku kunye neentsuku ezingama-25 ngenyanga; umyinge wemveliso yi 260t/h; umthamo opheleleyo wemveliso yomxube we-asphalt yi-300,000 yeetoni; ixesha lokwakha ziinyanga ezi-5.

Imirhumo yeNdawo
Kukho umahluko omkhulu kwimimandla eyahlukeneyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, umrhumo uhlawulwa rhoqo ngonyaka, ukusuka kwi-yuan engaphezu kwe-100,000 ukuya kwi-yuan engaphezu kwama-200,000. Iindleko ezabelwe itoni nganye yomxube malunga ne-0.6 yuan/t.

Iindleko zabasebenzi
Abasebenzi abasisigxina bafumana umvuzo wonyaka. Ngokweemeko zemarike zangoku, umvuzo wonyaka wabasebenzi abasisigxina ngokuqhelekileyo: umphathi wesikhululo esi-1, kunye nomvuzo wonyaka we-yuan eyi-150,000; Abaqhubi aba-2, abanomvuzo wonyaka ophakathi kwe-100,000 yuan, kwi-yuan eyi-200,000 iyonke; 2 abasebenzi bolondolozo Umvuzo wonyaka ngamnye ngomntu yi-70,000 yuan, iyonke i-140,000 yeyuan kubantu ababini, kunye nomvuzo wonyaka wabanye abasebenzi abancedisayo yi-60,000 yuan, iyonke i-180,000 yeyuan kubantu abathathu. Imivuzo yabasebenzi bexeshana ihlawulwa ngenyanga. Ngokusekwe kumvuzo wenyanga wabantu abayi-6 wama-4,000 yuan, umvuzo weenyanga ezintlanu wabasebenzi bexeshana ufikelela kwi-120,000 yeeyuan. Kubandakanya imivuzo yabanye abasebenzi abaqhelekileyo, imivuzo yabasebenzi iyonke imalunga ne-800,000 yuan, kwaye iindleko zabasebenzi yi-2.7 yuan/t.

Ixabiso le-asphalt
Ixabiso le-asphalt libalela umlinganiselo omkhulu wexabiso lilonke lomxube we-asphalt. Okwangoku malunga ne-2,000 ye-yuan ngetoni ye-asphalt, ilingana ne-2 yuan/kg. Ukuba umxholo we-asphalt womxube ngu-4.8%, ixabiso le-asphalt ngetoni yomxube yi-96 yuan.

Iindleko ezihlanganisiweyo
I-aggregate yenza malunga ne-90% yobunzima bubonke bomxube. Ixabiso eliphakathi kwe-aggregate malunga ne-80 yuan/t. Ixabiso lexabiso le-aggregate kumxube yi-72 yuan ngetoni nganye.

ixabiso lomgubo
I-Powder yenza malunga ne-6% yesisindo esipheleleyo somxube. Ixabiso eliqhelekileyo lepowder li malunga ne-120 yuan/t. Iindleko zepowder ngetoni nganye yomxube yi-7.2 yuan.

iindleko zamafutha
Ukuba ioli enzima isetyenzisiwe, ucinga ukuba umxube udla i-7kg yeoli enzima ngetoni kunye neendleko zeoli ezinzima ziyi-4,200 yuan ngetoni, ixabiso le-fuel yi-29.4 yuan /t. Ukuba kusetyenziswe amalahle acoliweyo, iindleko zepetroli yi-14.4 yuan/t ngokusekelwe ekubaleni kwe-12kg yokusetyenziswa kwamalahle acoliweyo ngetoni yomxube kunye ne-1,200 ye-yuan ngetoni yamalahle acoliweyo. Ukuba igesi yendalo isetyenzisiwe, i-7m3 yegesi yendalo isetyenziswe ngetoni yomxube, kwaye igesi yendalo ibalwa kwi-3.5 yuan nge-cubic meter, kwaye iindleko zepetroli ziyi-24.5 yuan / t.

Ityala lombane
Ukusetyenziswa kwamandla okwenene ngeyure ye-4000-uhlobo lwe-asphalt yokuxuba umxube weplanti malunga ne-550kW · h. Ukuba kubalwa ngokusekelwe kusetyenziso lombane kwimizi-mveliso ye-0.85 yuan/kW·h, ityala lombane lilonke liyi-539,000 yuan, okanye i-1.8 yuan/t.

ixabiso umlayishi
Esinye isixhobo sokuxuba i-asphalt sohlobo lwe-4000 sifuna ezimbini zodidi lwe-50 zokulayisha izinto zokulayisha. Kubalwa ngokusekwe kwirenti yenyanga yomlayishi ngamnye we-yuan eyi-16,000 (kubandakanywa nomvuzo womsebenzi), ukusetyenziswa kwamafutha osuku lokusebenza kunye neendleko zokuthambisa iiyuan ezingama-300, umlayishi ngamnye ngonyaka. kwaye iindleko ezabelwe toni nganye yomxube yi-0.85 yuan.

Iindleko zokugcina
Iindleko zokuyilungisa zibandakanya izincedisi ezingaqhelekanga, izithambiso, izinto ezisetyenziswayo, njl. njl., ezixabisa malunga ne-150,000 yeeyuan. Iindleko ezabiwe kwitoni nganye yomxube yi-0.5 yuan.

enye intlawulo
Ukongeza kwezi ndleko zingentla, kukwakho neendleko zolawulo (ezifana neentlawulo zeofisi, iintlawulo zeinshorensi, njl. njl.), iirhafu, iindleko zemali, iindleko zentengiso, njl. itoni yezinto ezixubeneyo ubukhulu becala buphakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-50 yuan, kunye nomahluko omkhulu kwimimandla yonke.
Ekubeni amaxabiso ezinto eziphathekayo, iindleko zezothutho, neemeko zemarike zingafani ngokweendawo, uhlalutyo lweendleko oluya kuba ngumphumo luya kwahluka ngandlel’ ithile. Oku kulandelayo ngumzekelo wokwakhiwa kwendawo yokuxuba i-asphalt kwindawo eselunxwemeni.

Iintlawulo zotyalo-mali kunye nezokwakha
Iseti yesityalo se-asphalt saseMarini 4000 sixabisa malunga ne-13 yezigidi zeeyuan, kwaye ukufunyanwa komhlaba yi-4 yezigidi ze-m2. Umrhumo weminyaka emibini wokurenta indawo yi-500,000 yuan, umrhumo wofakelo kunye nomrhumo wokugunyaziswa yi-200,000 yuan, kwaye umrhumo woqhagamshelo lomnatha wetransformer kunye nomrhumo wofakelo yi-500,000 yeyuan. 200,000 yuan kubunjineli obusisiseko, 200,000 yeyuan yesisele kunye nokuqina kwesiza, 200,000 yuan zokugcina iindonga zesilo kunye nezindlu zokugcina izityalo ezingenwa yimvula, 100,000 yeeyuan kwiiweighbridges ezi-2, kunye ne-150,000 yeyuan ye-yuan ye-150,000 ye-yuan yezindlu kunye ne-insulation yezindlu kunye ne-therfamal insulation). , iyonke i-15.05 yezigidi zeeyuan iyafuneka.

Iindleko zokusebenza kwezixhobo
Imveliso yonyaka yeetoni ezingama-300,000 zomxube we-asphalt yi-600,000 yeetoni zomxube we-asphalt kwiminyaka emi-2, kwaye ixesha lokuvelisa elisebenzayo ziinyanga ezi-6 ngonyaka. Abalayishi abathathu bayafuneka, nganye ihlawule irenti ye-15,000 yuan / ngenyanga, kunye neendleko ezipheleleyo ze-540,000 yuan; iindleko zombane zibalwa kwi-3.5 yuan /toni yomxube we-asphalt, iyonke ye-2.1 yezigidi ze-yuan; iindleko zokugcinwa kwezixhobo ziiyuan ezingama-200,000, kunye nentsha Zimbalwa izinto ezingaphumeleliyo, ingakumbi ukutshintshwa kweoyile yokuthambisa kunye nezinye iindawo zokunxiba. Iindleko zokusebenza kwezixhobo zizonke yi-2.84 yezigidi zeeyuan.

Iindleko zempahla ekrwada
Makhe sihlalutye ukusetyenziswa kwe-sup13 kunye ne-sup20 yomxube we-asphalt kwimarike yobunjineli. Ilitye: I-Limestone kunye ne-basalt okwangoku zikwimarike enzima. Ixabiso le-limestone yi-95 yuan/t, kwaye ixabiso le-basalt yi-145 yuan /t. Ixabiso eliphakathi yi-120 yuan/t, ngoko ixabiso lelitye liyi-64.8 yezigidi ze-yuan.

itela
I-asphalt elungisiweyo ixabisa i-3,500 yuan/t, iasphalt eqhelekileyo ixabisa i-2,000 yuan/t, kwaye ixabiso eliqhelekileyo leeasphalt ezimbini yi-2,750 yuan/t. Ukuba umxholo we-asphalt ngu-5%, ixabiso le-asphalt li-82.5 yezigidi ze-yuan.

ioli enzima
Ixabiso leoli enzima yi-4,100 yuan/t. Ukubalwa ngokusekelwe kwisidingo sokutshisa i-6.5kg ngetoni yomxube we-asphalt, iindleko zeoli enzima yi-16 yezigidi zeeyuan.

amafutha edizili
(Ukusetyenziswa komlayishi kunye nokutshiswa kwesityalo se-asphalt) Ixabiso le-diesel yi-7,600 yuan/t, i-1L yedizili ilingana ne-0.86kg, kunye nokusetyenziswa kwe-fuel ye-loader kwiiyure ezili-10 kubalwa njenge-120L, ngoko umlayishi usebenzisa i-92.88t ye-fuel kunye ne-fuel. ixabiso yi 705,880 yuan. Ukusetyenziswa kwepetroli ekutshisweni kwesityalo se-asphalt kubalwa ngokusekwe kusetyenziso lwe-fuel ye-60kg kwi-ignition nganye. Iindleko zokutshisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwamafutha kwisityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt yi-140,000 yuan. Ixabiso lilonke ledizili yi840,000 yeyuan.
Ukushwankathela, ixabiso elipheleleyo lezinto eziluhlaza ezifana nelitye, i-asphalt, ioli enzima kunye ne-diesel yi-182.03 yezigidi zeeyuan.

Iindleko zabasebenzi
Ngokobume babasebenzi olukhankanywe ngasentla, abantu abali-11 bebonke bayafuneka kulawulo, ukusebenza, umfuniselo, izixhobo kunye nokhuseleko. Umvuzo ofunekayo yi-800,000 ye-yuan ngonyaka, i-1.6 yezigidi zeeyuan kwiminyaka emibini.
Ukushwankathela, iindleko ezithe ngqo zotyalo-mali lwesityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt kunye neendleko zokwakha, iindleko zokusebenza, iindleko zempahla ekrwada kunye neendleko zabasebenzi yi-183.63 yezigidi zeeyuan.