Isixhobo esikhulu sokuxuba umxube we-asphalt sisixhobo esiphambili sokwakhiwa kweeprojekthi zepavement ye-asphalt. Ukufakwa kunye nokuchithwa kwezixhobo zokuxuba zichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo isimo sayo sokusebenza, inkqubela phambili yokwakhiwa kweendlela kunye nomgangatho. Ngokusekelwe ekusebenzeni komsebenzi, eli nqaku lichaza amanqaku obugcisa bofakelo kunye nokulungiswa kwezixhobo zokuxuba umxube we-asphalt omkhulu.

Ukukhethwa kohlobo lwesityalo se-asphalt

Ukuguquguquka
Imodeli yezixhobo kufuneka ikhethwe ngokusekelwe kuphononongo olubanzi olusekelwe kwiziqinisekiso zenkampani, umlinganiselo weprojekthi ekhontrakthi, umthamo womsebenzi wale projekthi (icandelo lethenda), idityaniswe nezinto ezifana nemozulu yendawo yokwakha, iintsuku zokwakha ezisebenzayo. , amathemba ophuhliso lwenkampani, kunye namandla ezoqoqosho enkampani. Umthamo wokuvelisa izixhobo kufuneka ube mkhulu kunomthamo womsebenzi wokwakha. I-20% enkulu.

Ukubaleka
Izixhobo ezikhethiweyo kufuneka zibe nenqanaba lobugcisa ukuze zihambelane neemfuno zangoku zokwakha kwaye zibe nokunyuka. Ngokomzekelo, inani le-silos ezibandayo kunye nezishushu kufuneka zibe zintandathu ukuhlangabezana nokulawulwa komlinganiselo wokuxuba; i-cylinder yokuxuba kufuneka ibe ne-interface yokongeza izongezo zokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokongeza izinto zefiber, i-anti-rutting agents kunye nezinye izongezo.

Ukhuseleko lokusingqongileyo
Xa uthenga izixhobo, kufuneka uqonde ngokupheleleyo izikhombisi zokusingqongileyo zezixhobo eziza kuthengwa. Kufuneka ihambelane nemigaqo yokusingqongileyo kunye neemfuno zesebe lokhuseleko lokusingqongileyo kwindawo esetyenziswa kuyo. Kwikhontrakthi yokuthengwa kwempahla, iimfuno zokukhutshwa kokusingqongileyo kwibhoyili yeoli ye-thermal kunye nesixhobo sokuqokelela uthuli lwenkqubo yokomisa kufuneka ichazwe ngokucacileyo. Ingxolo yokusebenza kwezixhobo kufuneka ihambelane nemigaqo kwingxolo kumda weshishini. Iitanki zokugcina i-asphalt kunye neetanki zokugcina i-oyile enzima kufuneka zixhotyiswe ngeegesi ezahlukeneyo eziphuphumayo. ukuqokelela kunye neendawo zokulungisa.

Fakela isityalo se-asphalt
Umsebenzi wokufakela usisiseko sokumisela umgangatho wokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo. Kufuneka ixatyiswe kakhulu, icwangciswe ngononophelo, kwaye iphunyezwe ziinjineli ezinamava.
Ukulungiselela
Umsebenzi ophambili wokulungiselela ubandakanya ezi zinto zintandathu zilandelayo: Okokuqala, nikezela iyunithi yoyilo loyilo olufanelekileyo ukuyila imizobo yolwakhiwo olusisiseko olusekelwe kwisicwangciso somgangatho esibonelelwe ngumenzi; okwesibini, faka isicelo sokusasaza kunye nesixhobo sokuguqula ngokweemfuno zencwadi yemiyalelo yesixhobo, kwaye ubale umthamo wokuhambisa. Iimfuno zamandla zezixhobo ezincedisayo ezifana ne-asphalt e-emulsified kunye ne-asphalt eguqulwayo kufuneka zithathelwe ingqalelo, kwaye i-10% ukuya kwi-15% yomthamo wabakhweli ongaphezulu kufuneka ishiywe; okwesibini, ii-transformers zomthamo ofanelekileyo kufuneka zifakelwe ukusetyenziswa kwamandla asekhaya kwisiza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzileyo kwezixhobo zemveliso Okwesine, iintambo zombane eziphezulu nezisezantsi kwindawo kufuneka ziyilelwe ukuba zingcwatywe, kunye nomgama phakathi kwe-transformer kunye igumbi lokulawula eliphambili kufuneka libe yi-50m. Okwesihlanu, ekubeni iinkqubo zofakelo lwamandla zithatha malunga neenyanga ezi-3, kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba izixhobo ziyalelwe ukuba ziqinisekise ukulungiswa. Okwesithandathu, iibhoyili, iinqanawa zoxinzelelo, izixhobo zokulinganisa, njl. Kufuneka zihambe ngokuvunywa okufanelekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuhlola ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

Inkqubo yokufakela
Ulwakhiwo lwesiseko Inkqubo yolwakhiwo lwesiseko lulolu hlobo lulandelayo: ukuphonononga imizobo → ukugoba → ukugrumba → ukudityaniswa kwesiseko → ukudityaniswa kwentsimbi yentsimbi → ukufakwa kwamalungu adityanisiweyo → iformwork → ukugalela isilicon → ukulungiswa.
Isiseko sesakhiwo sokuxuba ngokuqhelekileyo siyilwe njengesiseko se-raft. Isiseko kufuneka sibe sicaba kwaye sixinene. Ukuba kukho umhlaba ovulekileyo, kufuneka utshintshwe kwaye uzaliswe. Akuvumelekanga ngokungqongqo ukusebenzisa udonga lomgodi ukugalelwa ngokuthe ngqo kwenxalenye yesiseko esiphantsi komhlaba, kunye nefomwork kufuneka ifakwe. Ukuba umyinge wokushisa kwemini nobusuku ungaphantsi kwe-5 ° C iintsuku ezintlanu ezilandelelanayo ngexesha lokwakha, amanyathelo okukhusela kufuneka athathwe ngokweemfuno zokwakha zasebusika (ezifana neebhodi ze-foam kwi-formwork, iishedi zokwakha zokufudumeza kunye ne-insulation, njl.). Ufakelo lwamalungu afakelweyo yinkqubo ephambili. Isikhundla sendiza kunye nokuphakama kufuneka kuchaneke, kwaye ukulungiswa kufuneka kuqiniswe ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba iindawo ezidibeneyo azihambisani okanye ziphazamise ngexesha lokuthulula kunye nokugubha.
Emva kokuba ukwakhiwa kwesiseko kugqityiwe kwaye iimeko zokwamkelwa zidibene, ukwamkelwa kwesiseko kufuneka kuqhutywe. Ngexesha lokuvunywa, imitha yokubuyisela isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa amandla ekhonkrithi, isikhululo esipheleleyo sisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa indawo yendiza yeendawo ezidibeneyo, kwaye inqanaba lisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa ukuphakama kwesiseko. Emva kokudlula ukwamkelwa, inkqubo yokunyusa iqala.
Ulwakhiwo oluxhomisayo Inkqubo yolwakhiwo yokuxhoma ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: isakhiwo sokuxuba → isixhobo sokuphakamisa imathiriyeli eshushu → isisele esingumgubo → isixhobo sokunyusela umgubo → igubu lokomisa → umqokeleli wothuli → isihambisi sebhanti → isisele sempahla ebandayo → itanki ye-asphalt → isithando somlilo se-oyile → igumbi lokulawula eliphambili → isihlomelo .
Ukuba imilenze yokugcina imveliso egqityiweyo kumgangatho wokuqala wesakhiwo sokuxuba ziyilwe ngeebholiti ezifakwe ngaphakathi, amandla ekhonkrithi athululelwe okwesibini kufuneka afikelele kwi-70% ngaphambi kokuba ukuphakanyiswa kwezi migangatho zingentla ziqhubeke. I-guardrail ye-stair guardrail esezantsi kufuneka ifakwe ngexesha kwaye ifakwe ngokuqinileyo ngaphambi kokuba inyuswe phezulu umaleko. Kwiindawo ezingenakufakwa kwi-guardrail, iloli yokuphakamisa i-hydraulic kufuneka isetyenziswe, kunye nezixhobo zokhuseleko kufuneka zixhotyiswe ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokhuseleko. Xa ukhetha i-crane, umgangatho wayo wokuphakamisa kufuneka uhlangabezane neemfuno. Unxibelelwano olupheleleyo kunye nokubhengezwa kufuneka kwenziwe kunye nomqhubi we-hosting phambi kokuphakanyiswa kwemisebenzi. Imisebenzi yokunyusa inqatshelwe kwimimoya enamandla, imvula kunye nezinye iimeko zemozulu. Ngexesha elifanelekileyo lokuphakamisa ukwakhiwa, kufuneka kwenziwe amalungiselelo okubeka iintambo zezixhobo kunye nokufakela izixhobo zokukhusela umbane.
Ukuhlolwa kwenkqubo Ngexesha lokusebenza kwezixhobo zokuxuba, ukuhlolwa kwe-static self-periodic kufuneka kuqhutywe, ngokukodwa ukuqhuba ukuhlolwa okubanzi kwezinto zesakhiwo sezixhobo zokuxuba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ukufakela kuqinisiwe, ukuphakama kusemgangathweni, iintsimbi ezikhuselayo. zichanekile, inqanaba lolwelo lwe-oyile yenqanaba eliphezulu le-oyile liqhelekileyo, kwaye amandla kunye nentambo yomqondiso idityaniswe ngokuchanekileyo.

ukulungisa ingxaki yesityalo se-asphalt

Ukulungisa iimpazamo
Inkqubo yokulungiswa kwe-idling ilandelayo: vavanya-sebenzisa i-motor → lungelelanisa ulandelelwano lwesigaba → baleka ngaphandle komthwalo → linganisa okwangoku kunye nesantya → jonga iiparamitha zokusebenza zonikezelo kunye nesixhobo soguqulo → jonga imiqondiso ebuyiswe nguluvo ngalunye → jonga ukuba ingaba ulawulo lunovakalelo kwaye luyasebenza → jonga ukungcangcazela nengxolo. Ukuba kukho naziphi na izinto ezingaqhelekanga ngexesha lokulungisa idling, kufuneka zipheliswe.
Ngexesha lokulungiswa kwe-idling, kufuneka kwakhona ujonge imeko yokutywinwa kombhobho womoya oxinanisiweyo, khangela ukuba ixabiso loxinzelelo kunye nokuhamba kwe-cylinder nganye kuqhelekileyo, kwaye ukhangele ukuba iimpawu zendawo nganye ezihambayo ziqhelekileyo. Emva kokungalali iiyure ezi-2, jonga ukuba iqondo lobushushu lebhereji nganye kunye nesinciphisi liqhelekile, kwaye ulungelelanise iseli nganye yomthwalo. Emva kokuba oku kulungiswa ngentla kuqhelekile, ungathenga amafutha kwaye uqale ukulungisa ibhoyila yeoli ye-thermal.

Ukugunyaziswa kwebhoyila ye-oyile eshushu
Ukuchithwa kweoli ye-thermal ngumsebenzi obalulekileyo. I-oyile ye-thermal kufuneka ihlanjululwe kwi-105 ° C de uxinzelelo luzinzile, kwaye lufudumeze kwiqondo lokushisa le-160 ukuya kwi-180 ° C. Ioli kufuneka ihlaziywe nangaliphi na ixesha kwaye iphelelwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukufezekisa uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo lokungena kunye nokukhupha kunye namanqanaba olwelo oluzinzileyo. . Xa ubushushu bemibhobho efakwe kwi-tank nganye ye-asphalt bufikelela kubushushu obuqhelekileyo bokusebenza, izinto ezibonakalayo ezifana ne-asphalt, i-gravel, i-ore powder zingathengwa kwaye zilungiselelwe ukugunyaziswa.

Ukutya kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo
Ukulungiswa kweempazamo kwisitshisi sisitshixo sokutyisa kunye nokucima. Ukuthatha izitshisi zeoli ezinzima njengomzekelo, ioli enzima efanelekileyo kufuneka ithengwe ngokwemiyalelo yayo. Indlela yokubona ngokukhawuleza ioli enzima kwisiza kukongeza idizili. Umgangatho ophezulu weoli enzima inokunyibilika kwidizili. Ubushushu bobushushu be-oyile enzima yi-65 ~ 75℃. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu, igesi iya kuveliswa kwaye ibangele ukusilela komlilo. Ukuba iiparitha zomtshisi zibekwe ngokuchanekileyo, ukuvutha okugudileyo kunokufezekiswa, ilangatye lokutsha liya kuzinza, kwaye ubushushu buya kwanda ngokuvula, kwaye inkqubo yezinto ezibandayo ingaqaliswa ukutyisa.
Musa ukongeza iitshiphusi zamatye ezinobungakanani besuntswana elingaphantsi kwe-3mm ngexesha lovavanyo lokuqala, kuba ukuba ilangatye liphuma ngequbuliso, iitshiphusi zamatye ezingomiswanga ziya kubambelela kwipleyiti yesikhokelo yedrum kunye nescreen esincinci sokungcangcazela kwemesh, echaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwexesha elizayo. Emva kokutyisa, jonga iqondo lobushushu elidibeneyo kunye nobushushu obushushu besilo obuboniswe kwikhompyuter, khupha i-aggregate eshushu kwi-silo nganye eshushu ngokwahlukileyo, yichole ngesilayishi, ulinganise iqondo lobushushu kwaye uyithelekise nobushushu obubonisiweyo. Ngokwenza, kukho ukungafani kula maxabiso okushisa, okufuneka kushwankathelwe ngokucophelela, kulinganiswe ngokuphindaphindiweyo, kwaye kwahlulwe ukuqokelela idatha yokuveliswa kwexesha elizayo. Xa ulinganisa ubushushu, sebenzisa ithemometha ye-infrared kunye ne-mercury thermometer ukuthelekisa kunye nokulinganisa.
Thumela i-aggregate eshushu ukusuka kwisisele ngasinye ukuya kwilabhoratri ukuze ihlolwe ukujonga ukuba iyadibana noluhlu oluhambelanayo lwemingxuma yesihluzo. Ukuba kukho ukuxuba okanye ukuxuba i-silo, izizathu kufuneka zichongwe kwaye zipheliswe. Umjelo wenxalenye nganye, i- reducer kunye neqondo lokushisa elithwalayo kufuneka libonwe kwaye lirekhodwe. Kwimeko yokulinda, jonga kwaye ulungelelanise indawo yamavili amabini e-flat belt, i-belt inclined, kunye ne-roller. Qaphela ukuba i-roller kufuneka ibaleke ngaphandle kwempembelelo okanye ingxolo engaqhelekanga. Hlalutya olu lwazi lungasentla lokuhlola kunye nokuqwalasela ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokumisa kunye nokususa uthuli iyinto eqhelekileyo, ingaba i-current kunye neqondo lokushisa lenxalenye nganye liqhelekileyo, ingaba i-cylinder nganye isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo, kwaye ingaba iiparitha zexesha ezibekwe yinkqubo yokulawula ziyasebenza.
Ukongeza, ngexesha lenkqubo yokutya kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo, izikhundla zokutshintsha kocango lomgqomo wezinto ezishushu, umnyango wesikali esidibeneyo, umnyango wesilinda wokuxuba, isigqubuthelo somgqomo wemveliso, ucango lomgqomo ogqityiweyo, kunye nocango lwetroli kufuneka luchaneke kwaye iintshukumo kufuneka zichaneke. ube mpuluswa.

imveliso yovavanyo
Emva kokuba igalelo lezinto eziphathekayo kunye nomsebenzi wokulungisa ugqityiwe, unokunxibelelana nabachwephesha bokwakha ukuba baqhube imveliso yovavanyo kunye nokuvula icandelo lovavanyo lwendlela. Imveliso yovavanyo kufuneka yenziwe ngokomlinganiselo womxube obonelelwa yilabhoratri. Imveliso yovavanyo kufuneka idluliselwe kwi-batching kunye nokuxuba urhulumente kuphela emva kokuba ubushushu obulinganisiweyo be-aggregate eshushu ifikelele kwiimfuno. Ukuthatha AH-70 umxube we-asphalt limestone njengomzekelo, ubushushu obudibeneyo kufuneka bufikelele kwi-170 ~ 185℃, kwaye ubushushu be-asphalt bokufudumala kufuneka bube yi-155 ~ 165℃.
Cwangcisa umntu okhethekileyo (umvavanyi) ukujonga ukubonakala komxube we-asphalt kwindawo ekhuselekileyo kwicala lesithuthi sokuthutha. I-asphalt kufuneka ifakwe ngokulinganayo, ngaphandle kwamaqhekeza amhlophe, ukuhlukana okucacileyo okanye i-agglomeration. Ubushushu obulinganisiweyo bokwenene kufuneka bube yi-145 ~ 165 ℃, kunye nenkangeleko entle, ukurekhoda kobushushu. Thatha iisampulu kwiimvavanyo zotsalo ukujonga umlinganiselo kunye ne-oyile-stone ratio ukujonga ulawulo lwezixhobo.
Ingqalelo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiimpazamo zovavanyo, kwaye uvandlakanyo olubanzi kufuneka lwenziwe kunye nesiphumo sangempela emva kokupakishwa kunye nokuqengqeleka. Imveliso yovavanyo ayikwazi ukwenza isigqibo malunga nokulawulwa kwezixhobo. Xa imveliso eyongezelekayo yomxube wenkcazelo efanayo ifikelela kwi-2000t okanye i-5000t, idatha yezibalo zekhompyutha, ubungakanani bokwenene bezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo, ubungakanani beemveliso ezigqityiweyo kunye nedatha yovavanyo kufuneka ihlalutywe kunye. fumana isigqibo. Ukuchaneka komlinganiselo we-asphalt kwisixhobo esikhulu sokuxuba i-asphalt kufuneka sifikelele ku-± 0.25%. Ukuba ayikwazi ukufikelela kolu luhlu, izizathu kufuneka zifunyenwe kwaye zisonjululwe.
Imveliso yovavanyo yinqanaba lokulungiswa ngokuphindaphindiweyo, isishwankathelo kunye nokuphucula, kunye nomsebenzi onzima kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zobugcisa. Ifuna intsebenziswano esondeleyo kumasebe ahlukeneyo kwaye ifuna abaphathi kunye nabasebenzi bezobugcisa abanamava athile. Umbhali ukholelwa ukuba ukuveliswa kovavanyo kunokuqwalaselwa kugqitywe kuphela emva kokuphazamisa zonke iinxalenye zezixhobo zokusebenza ngokuzinzileyo nangokuthembekileyo, zonke iiparitha zibe ziqhelekileyo, kunye nomgangatho womxube ukuba uzinze kwaye ulawuleke.

Abasebenzi
Izixhobo ezinkulu zokuxuba umxube we-asphalt kufuneka zixhotyiswe kunye nomphathi o-1 kunye nokulawulwa koomatshini bobunjineli kunye namava omsebenzi, abaqhubi be-2 abanemfundo yesikolo esiphakamileyo okanye ngaphezulu, kunye no-3 ombane kunye nabakhandi. Ngokwamava ethu asebenzayo, ulwahlulo lweentlobo zomsebenzi akufanele lube neenkcukacha kakhulu, kodwa kufuneka lube lukhethekileyo kwimisebenzi emininzi. Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka nabo bathathe inxaxheba kulondolozo kwaye banokutshintshana ngexesha lomsebenzi. Kuyafuneka ukuba ukhethe abasebenzi abanokunyamezela ubunzima kunye nothando lokungena kulawulo kunye nokusebenza ukuphucula isakhono kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweqela lonke.

ukwamkelwa
Abaphathi bezixhobo ezinkulu zokuxuba umxube we-asphalt kufuneka baququzelele abavelisi kunye namagcisa okwakha ukuba ashwankathele inkqubo yokulungiswa kweempazamo. Izixhobo zokucocwa kwamanzi amdaka kufuneka zivavanye kwaye zivavanye umgangatho womxube wemveliso yovavanyo, ukusebenza kolawulo lwezixhobo, kunye nezibonelelo zokhuseleko lokhuseleko, kwaye uzithelekise kunye neemfuno zesivumelwano sokuthengwa kwempahla kunye nemiyalelo. , ifom yolwamkelo olubhaliweyo ulwazi.
Ukufakela kunye nokulungiswa kweempazamo sisiseko sokusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo nokusebenzayo kwezixhobo. Abaphathi bezixhobo kufuneka babe neengcamango ezicacileyo, bagxininise kwizinto ezintsha, benze amalungiselelo apheleleyo, kwaye bathobele ngokungqongqo imimiselo yobugcisa bokhuseleko kunye neeshedyuli zokuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo zifakwa kwimveliso njengoko zicwangcisiwe kwaye zisebenza kakuhle, zinika isiqinisekiso esinamandla sokwakhiwa kweendlela.