Kulwakhiwo lwe-asphalt, izityalo zokuxuba i-Asphalt zidlala indima ebalulekileyo. Ukusebenza kunye neemeko zokusebenza kwesityalo sokuxuba i-asphalt kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho womxube we-asphalt, ohambelana nomgangatho weprojekthi yonke kunye nenkqubela phambili yeprojekthi. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji yolawulo lwangoku lwezityalo ze-asphalt iya ihambela phambili ngakumbi nangakumbi, kwaye umxholo wetekhnoloji ukhula mihla le. Oku kufuna abaqhubi boomatshini ukuba baqhubeke bephucula izakhono zokusebenza banokuhlangabezana neemfuno zokwakha, baqinisekise ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo koomatshini, basebenzise isiphumo sabo esifanelekileyo, kwaye baqinisekise umgangatho kunye nenkqubela phambili yeprojekthi. Ke sinokuqinisekisa njani ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo komatshini kwaye sinikeze umdlalo opheleleyo kwisiphumo sawo esifanele?

Okokuqala, umqhubi kufuneka abe nobuchule kwisakhiwo kunye nomgaqo wokusebenza wecandelo ngalinye lesityalo se-asphalt. Ngesi siseko, lawula ngokungqongqo zonke iinkcukacha zemveliso, ngakumbi inkqubo yokulinganisa, kuba umgangatho womsebenzi wokulinganisa uchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo umgangatho we-asphaltIsalathiso sobugcisa bomxube.

Kwinkqubo yokulinganisa ilitye, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba:
(1) Gcina ucango lokukhuphela ngalunye luvulekile kwaye luvale ngokuguquguqukayo kwaye ngokukhawuleza;
(2) Izibuko lokukhupha ngalinye liya kugcinwa lingenamqobo kwaye akukho nkunkuma iya kuvunyelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilitye linokuhamba ngokukhawuleza nangokulinganayo ngexesha lokulinganisa;
(3) Ucango ngalunye lokukhupha kufuneka luvalwe ngexesha kwaye lutywinwe kakuhle, kwaye akufuneki kubekho ukuvuza kwezinto xa umlinganiselo wesixhobo esinye ugqityiwe;
(4) Indawo ejikeleze i-aggregate yokuveyisha ihopha kufuneka igcinwe icocekile kwaye kungabikho zinto zangaphandle zokuthintela ibhakethi ekubeni ixinge.
kwimeko yokunqunyanyiswa ngokupheleleyo;
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Kwinkqubo yokulinganisa umgubo, la manqaku alandelayo kufuneka aqatshelwe:
(1) Gcina umgubo ogqithisa umbhobho ungavalwanga kwaye ungami;
(2) I-feeder okanye ivalve kufuneka ivalwe ngokuqinileyo, kwaye akufanele kubekho ukuvuza komgubo ekupheleni komlinganiselo;
(3) Rhoqo susa uthuli kunye neesundries kwihopa yokulinganisa umgubo ukuyigcina icocekile;
(4) Yonke inkqubo yokulinganisa iimitha kufuneka ivalwe kakuhle ukuthintela umgubo ekubeni ufume kwaye ube agglomerated;
(5) Ukukhutshwa kwesikali somgubo kufuneka kugqitywe, akufuneki kubekho umgubo oshiyekileyo kwisikali, umnyango wokukhupha kufuneka uvalwe ngokuqinileyo, kwaye kungabikho ukuvuza komgubo ngexesha lokulinganisa.

Kwinkqubo yokulinganisa ibhitumene, qaphela:
(1) Phambi kokuqaliswa kwemveliso, umbhobho kufuneka ufudunyezwe ngokupheleleyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba ubushushu be-asphalt kwinkqubo bufikelela kwixabiso elichaziweyo;
(2) Umbhobho wokutshiza i-asphalt kufuneka ucoceke kwaye ugude, kwaye indawo yombhobho mayingavalwa, kungenjalo ukutshiza kuya kungalingani kwaye umphumo wokuxuba uya kuchaphazeleka;
(3) Impompo yokutshiza i-asphalt okanye ivalve yokuvula kufuneka ivalwe ngokuqinileyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho kuthontsiza emva kokuba kugqityiwe ukutshiza nge-asphalt;
(4) Intshukumo yevalve yokutshintsha ibhitumene yokulinganisa iimitha kufuneka ichaneke kwaye ifike kwangexesha, kwaye isitywina kufuneka silunge, kwaye ukuxhonywa komphanda webhitumene wokulinganisa kufuneka kuqine kwaye kube bhetyebhetye.

Kuyo yonke inkqubo yokulinganisa i-asphalt yeplanti yokuxuba, umqhubi kufuneka ahlolisise rhoqo. Jonga ukuba isikali ngasinye sokulinganisa sinqunyanyisiwe na kwaye kukho nakuphi na ukuma, khangela ukuba ngaba isivayiri ngasinye sovavanyo sisebenza ngokwesiqhelo, kwaye nokuba i-induction inovakalelo. Jonga rhoqo ukwenza ixabiso elibonisiweyo lihambelane nelona xabiso. Ukuba kukho nayiphi na ingxaki efunyenweyo, kufuneka isonjululwe kwangethuba ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba inkqubo yokulinganisa iimitha ihlala ikwimeko entle.
imeko elungileyo yokusebenza.

Okwesibini, umqhubi kufuneka aqokelele amava atyebileyo, akwazi ukubona kwangaphambili uninzi lokusilela koomatshini, kwaye asombulule kwaye aphelise iingozi ezifihlakeleyo ngokukhawuleza. Emva kokuba iphoso lenzekile, kufuneka ikwazi ukugweba ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokuphelisa ngexesha lokuqinisekisa ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo komatshini. Ukufezekisa oku, umqhubi kufuneka enze oku kulandelayo ukongeza ekugcinweni kwangethuba koomatshini ngokwemigaqo:
(1) Umqhubi ufanele ajikeleze rhoqo, aqwalasele ngenyameko, aze ahlole ngenyameko iindawo ezishukuma rhoqo. Khangela ukuba ngaba amajoyina akhululekile, ingaba i-lubrication ilungile, ingaba ukunyakaza kuguquguqukayo, nokuba kukho ukugqoka okungaqhelekanga, njl., kwaye ujongane neengxaki ngexesha;
(2) Xa isitishi sokuxuba sishukuma, mamela ngeendlebe zakho, cinga ngentliziyo yakho, uze ufumanise sonke isandi, ukuba kukho nasiphi na isandi esingaqhelekanga. Fumana isizathu kwaye ujongane naso ngokufanelekileyo;
(3) Ukwazi ukwahlula amavumba awahlukahlukeneyo. Ukuba ubushushu be-oyile buphezulu kakhulu, ubushushu bokukhutshwa budlula umda, isekethe kunye nezixhobo zombane zifutshane kwaye zitshiswe, ukushisa okubangelwa kukungqubuzana okungaqhelekanga, izixhobo zombane kunye neesekethe zithwele kakhulu kwaye zibangele ukufudumeza okukhulu, njl. zikhupha amavumba ahlukeneyo, ngamavumba ahlukeneyo, Ukusilela okuyingxenye nako kubonakala.

Ngamafutshane, umqhubi kufuneka anikele ingqalelo ekujongeni inkangeleko, asebenzise iimvakalelo ezahlukeneyo, kwaye asebenzise izixhobo ezahlukeneyo ukufumanisa lonke utshintsho olungaqhelekanga, ahlalutye ngononophelo, afumane unobangela, kwaye afumane iingozi ezifihlakeleyo. Ngenxa yesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi yesityalo se-asphalt, kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamacandelo, ezibandakanya iinkqubo zokulawula umbane kunye negesi, iinkqubo zokubonelela nge-asphalt, iinkqubo zokutsha, iinkqubo zemitha, iinkqubo zokususa uthuli, njl. Kunzima kakhulu kumqhubi ukuba aqonde konke. iinxalenye ngexesha elifutshane, gweba ngokuchanekileyo kwaye uphelise zonke iimpazamo. Ke ngoko, ukuba ufuna ukuba ngumqhubi ogqwesileyo, kufuneka uqwalasele ngononophelo, ucinge ngenkuthalo, ushwankathele ngononophelo, kwaye ngokuqhubekayo uqokelele amava.

Ukongeza ekubeni nobuchule kwisixhobo, abaqhubi kufuneka babe nengqiqo efanayo yolawulo lomgangatho wemveliso. Oko kukuthi ukuqhelana neqondo lobushushu, i-asphalt-stone ratio, i-gradation, njl. yomxube we-asphalt, kunye nokukwazi ukwenza izigwebo zobugcisa ngobuchule kumxube, kunye nokuhlalutya kunye nokusombulula iingxaki kumxube ngexesha elifanelekileyo.

(1) Ulawulo lobushushu bomxube: Ubushushu bomxube ngomnye wemigangatho yovavanyo lwesiqinisekiso somxube. Ukuba iqondo lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu okanye liphantsi kakhulu, liyinkunkuma kwaye alinakusetyenziswa. Ngoko ke, indlela yokulawula ubushushu yenye yezakhono ezisisiseko ekufuneka umqhubi abe nazo. Izinto ezichaphazela ubushushu bomxube ngumgangatho wamafutha. Ukuba umgangatho wepetroli uhlwempuzekile, ixabiso le-calorific liphantsi, kwaye ukutshisa akwanelanga, kuya kubangela ukufudumeza okungazinzanga kwelitye, ukushisa okuphantsi, kunye neentsalela emva kokutsha kuya kuhlala kumxube, kuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho womxube. . Ukuba i-fuel viscosity iphezulu kakhulu, umxholo wokungcola uphezulu, kwaye umthamo wamanzi uphezulu. Kuya kubangela ubunzima ekutshiseni, ukuvaleka kwemibhobho, kunye nobunzima bokulawula ubushushu; isiqulatho sokufuma semathiriyeli ekrwada yenye into echaphazela ubushushu. Umxholo wamanzi wemathiriyeli ekrwada mkhulu kwaye awulingani. Ngethuba lenkqubo yokuvelisa, ukushisa kokushisa kwelitye kunzima ukulawula. Ukongeza, ubume bobugcisa benkqubo yokutsha, uxinzelelo lwempompo yonikezelo lwamafutha, kunye nobungakanani benaliti yamafutha zonke zihambelana nobushushu bomxube. Ukunxiba, ukuvuza komoya, ukuvaleka kunye nokunye ukusilela kwenkqubo yokutsha kwenza ukuba amalungu angakwazi ukugcina ukusebenza kwasekuqaleni, okukhokelela kuxinzelelo lwenkqubo ephantsi, unikezelo lweoyile olungazinzanga, isiphumo esibi sokutsha kwe-atomization, kunye nokuchaphazela kakhulu ubushushu obushukumisayo. Ngoko ke, abaqhubi abanamava kufuneka bakwazi ukugweba ngokuchanekileyo umgangatho wamafutha, umlinganiselo wokomisa kunye nomswakama wezinto eziluhlaza, kunye neemeko zokusebenza kwenkqubo yokutshisa. Fumana iingxaki kwaye uthathe amanyathelo ahambelanayo ngexesha. Nangona izixhobo zokuvuselela zangoku zinamandla okulawula ngokuzenzekelayo ukushisa, kuba kuthatha inkqubo ukusuka ekuboneni ubushushu ukuya kongezwe kunye nokukhupha idangatye ukulungelelanisa ubushushu, ulawulo lobushushu lune-hysteresis. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ubushushu obushukumisayo besikhululo sokuxuba aluvelisi inkunkuma, umqhubi kufuneka aqwalasele ngononophelo iqondo lokutshintsha ubushushu kunye nesiphumo sokutshintsha ubushushu, kwaye ngesandla ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa idangatye okanye ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa isixa feed ukulawula ubushushu. utshintsho, ukwenzela ukuba isiphumo sotshintsho singadluli uluhlu oluchaziweyo, ngokunciphisa okanye ukuphelisa inkunkuma.

(2) Ukulawulwa komgangatho womxube: Ukuhlelwa komxube kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukusebenza kwendlela yokuhamba. Ukuba ukuhlelwa komxube akukho ngqiqweni, i-pavement iya kuba nezifo ezithile ezifana ne-porosity enkulu okanye encinci, ukungeneka kwamanzi, ukurutha, njl. njl., Ukunciphisa Ubomi benkonzo yendlela yendlela buchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho weprojekthi. Ke ngoko, ulawulo lomgangatho womxube sesinye sezakhono ekufuneka umqhubi abe nazo. Izinto ezichaphazela ukuhlelwa komxube zibandakanya: utshintsho kwi-particle ubukhulu bezinto ezibonakalayo, utshintsho kwisikrini sesikhululo sokuxuba, kunye noluhlu lweempazamo zokulinganisa. Ubungakanani be-particle ye-raw materials ichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhlelwa komxube. Xa imathiriyeli ekrwada kufunyaniswe ukuba itshintshile, umqhubi kufuneka asebenzisane nelabhoratri ukulungisa kakuhle umlinganiselo womxube wemveliso. Ukutshintshwa kwesikrini sezinto ezitshisayo kwisikhululo sokuxuba yinto ebalulekileyo echaphazela ukuhlelwa komxube. Ukuba isikrini sivaliwe kwaye izinto ezishushu azikhuselwanga ngokwaneleyo, ukuhlelwa kuya kuba kuhle. Ukuba isikrini saphukile, sonakalisiwe, siyavuza, kwaye ukunxiba kungaphezulu komda, kuya kwenza umgangatho womxube ube rhabaxa; impazamo yokulinganisa isikhululo sokuxuba siya kuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukuhlelwa. Ukuba uluhlu lwempazamo yokulinganisa lulungelelaniswa kakhulu, ukuphambuka phakathi komlinganiselo womxube wemveliso kunye nomlinganiselo womxube ojoliswe kuyo uya kuba mkhulu, oya kuchaphazela kakhulu umgangatho womxube. Ukuba uluhlu lwephutha lokulinganisa lulungiswa luncinci kakhulu, ixesha lokulinganisa liya kwandiswa kwaye umphumo uya kuchaphazeleka, kwaye umlinganiselo uya kudlula rhoqo umda, oya kuchaphazela ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kwesitishi sokuxuba. Ngamafutshane, umqhubi kufuneka ahlawule ingqwalasela enkulu ekutshintsheni kwezinto ezibonakalayo, khangela isikrini rhoqo, ufumane iingxaki kwaye uzisombulule ngexesha, kwaye ulungelelanise uluhlu lokulinganisa ukuya kwimeko efanelekileyo ngokweempawu zesikhululo sokuxuba kunye nezinye izinto. Qaphela ngokucophelela ezinye izinto ezichaphazela ukuhla, ukwenzela ukuba uqinisekise umxube womxube womxube.

(3) Ukulawulwa komlinganiselo we-asphalt-stone ratio yomxube: I-asphalt-stone ratio yomxube we-asphalt inqunywe ngokuhlelwa kwe-aggregate yamaminerali kunye nomxholo we powder. Yisiqinisekiso esisisiseko samandla omgangatho wendlela kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Incinci iya kubangela izifo ezahlukeneyo kumphezulu wendlela.

Ngoko ke, ukulawula ngokungqongqo ubungakanani be-asphalt yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yolawulo lwemveliso. Abanini-zithuthi kufuneka baqwalasele oku kulandelayo ngexesha lemveliso imiba emininzi:

Ngexesha lokusebenza, zama ukunciphisa uluhlu lwempazamo yokulinganisa i-asphalt ukwenza umlinganiselo we-asphalt uchaneke ngokusemandleni; isixa somgubo esongezelelweyo sichaphazela
Ngoko ke, umlinganiselo we powder kufuneka ulawulwe ngononophelo; ngokomxholo wothuli we-aggregate ecocekileyo, ukuvulwa kwe-fan yedrafti eyenziweyo kufuneka kulungiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukwenzela ukuba umxholo wothuli kumxube ungaphakathi koluhlu loyilo.

Kulwakhiwo lwangoku, kuyimfuneko ukuba nezixhobo eziphambili zokuqinisekisa umgangatho weprojekthi, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kufuneka ube neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokusebenza ukwenza izixhobo zisebenzise ngokupheleleyo iingenelo zayo. Izixhobo ezikumgangatho ophezulu, inqanaba lokusebenza oluphezulu, ulawulo oluphezulu, iimveliso ezizodwa, kunye nomgangatho obalaseleyo. Ukwenzela ukuqinisekisa ukuba iprojekthi igqityezelwa kwangexesha, ikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye igudileyo.